1) The Persians, led by Cyrus and Cambysus, conquered Babylon and freed the Jews, and attempted to conquer Egypt. 2) In 490 BC, the Persians under Darius launched a second invasion of Greece after their first attempt failed. They were defeated by the Athenians at the Battle of Marathon. 3) In 480 BC, Xerxes led a massive Persian army in a second invasion of Greece. They were defeated by the Greeks at the naval Battle of Salamis, ending Persian efforts to conquer Greece.

1. “ Rejoice, we conquer” -Pheidippides

3. The Persians Lived in mountains north of Mesopotamia Dominated by surrounding regions But… _______

4. Persians under Cyrus and Cambysus Led an attack on Babylon Freed all captives including the Jews Died on the way to conquer Egypt Cambysus went on to conquer Egypt

5. Persia under King Darius Wanted Greece 546 B.C. tried to conquer Ionian areas Citizens rebelled and mainland helped out Decided to destroy Athens First attempt: failed Ships crashed into cliffs

6. Battle of Marathon 490 B.C. Darius sent 2nd fleet, landed at Marathon 26 miles from Athens Athenians outnumbered Militiades (Athenian General) assembled Athenians in phalanxes Attacked the Persians Athenians victorious Persians retreated

7. Battle of Marathon Athens left unprotected Militiades sent Pheidippides Warn the Athenians Pheidippides ran back, told them the message and feel down dead “ Rejoice, we conquer!” Origins of the Marathon (26.2 miles) Persians departed

8. Battle of Thermopylae King Xerxes took over Formed massive army 480 B.C. troops came overland and by sea Spartans tried to stop them on Thermopylae pass Traitor showed the way over Persians surrounded Spartans In true Spartan spirit, all 300 Spartans and allies fought, died

9. Battle of Salamis Athens new leader, Themistocles, warned of another Persian attack Build a fleet Athenians went to Salamis (island) Persian’s attacked Athens Burned to the ground Themistocles coaxed Xerxes into battle Athenians fleet crushed Xerxes fleet

11. Peace with the Persians Persians tried to attack Plataea in 479 B.C. and failed End of conflicts Set up Greece for its greatest era THE GOLDEN AGE

12. For next class… Take home quiz due next class