The document provides an overview of Spanish grammar concepts including: 1) Preterite verb forms including regular -ar, -er, -ir endings and irregular verbs. 2) Imperfect tense uses and forms. 3) Por and para uses which can change sentence meaning. 4) Formal command forms including irregular verbs and uses of stressed possessive adjectives. 5) Subjunctive mood triggers and uses including will/influence, emotion, doubt/denial, and indefiniteness.

1. Mi Libro de la
Gramática
Emilia Stuchlik

2. Preterite
Uses :
A Snapshot in Time
-AR Endings
-ER / -IR Endings

3. Preterite Irregulars
Snakey Verbs
Cucaracha Verbs
Only change in the 3rd person
E-I
Preferir, Repetir, Venir, Servir
O-U
https:
//
www.y
outu
eron
be.co
m
/watch
Dormir, Morir
E-Y
Leer, Creer
?v=iF
UA
WMM
dE7c
I-Y
Oir

4. Preterite Irregulars
Spock Verbs – 5 Odd Balls

5. Imperfect
Uses :
Continuous
Action
-ER / -IR Endings
Notice the
“yo” and
“usted “
endings
are the
same
-AR Endings

6. Irregulars in the Imperfect
SER
IR
VER

7. Interruption
Background/ Ongoing Action
Yo estaba en mi casa cuando Juan me
llamó
Preterite and Imperfect Together

8. Practice
Había
Nadamos
estaban
tomamos
Regresamos
almorzaban
leí
servía
.me dormí
llovía

9. Por
USES :

10. Para
USES :

11. Por and Para Change the Meaning of a
Sentence
Practice
m
.co
e
tub
u
.yo
w
/ww
:/
tps
ht
dlB
d0
f
?v=
h
atc
/w
Z
8
w1
E

12. Must agree in
gender and number
http
s://
ww
w.y
out
ube
.c
om
/wa
tch
?v=
m4
qLU
HO
S
NF
s
Stressed Possessive Adjectives
Placed after nouns they
modify

13. Stressed Possessive Adjectives
Pr eceded by
ar t i cl e,
i ndef i ni t e
ar t i cl e, or
dem
onst r at i ve
adj ect i ve
Ar t i cl e +
Noun + De +
Pr onoun/ Noun
“ El ” and
“ La” usual l y
om t t ed wi t h
i

14. Pos
sess
i
ve P
r on
ou n
s

15. MAN
Ejemplos -
DATA
S FO
RMA
LES
Uds.
Ud. +
1) Drop the
final “o” in the
yo form
2) AR VERBS
Add –e or –en
th
E
IV
AT
M
m
R to
FI h nd nt o
AF tac ma ce st u le
At m ac la yo ab
co d to if yll
Ad ird ble e s e t if
r
th lla on th as
sy d on o l wo n o
ad d h t d t ou
an urt ad on
fo u pr
yo ne
(o o)
tw
Wi
u
no
pro
ns
NEGATIVE
s before
lace pronoun
P
command
cents
Do not add ac
3) ER/IR VERBS
Add -a or –an
CAR → QUE
GAR →GUE
ZAR → CE

16. MANDATOS FORMALES
IRREGULARES
ir-(formal)to go
ser-(formal)
saber-(formal)to know
estar-(formal) to be
dar -(formal) to give
jugar-(formal) to play
llegar-(formal)
buscar-(formal)
tocar-(formal) to touch
empezar -(formal) to start
Tener
Traer
T
Tenga
Traiga
Venir
V
Venga
Dar
Decir
Ir
Salir
D
I
S
De
Dije
Vaya
Salga
Hacer
Haber
H
Haga
Haya
(vaya(n))
to be (sea(n))
(sepa(n))
(esté(n))
(dé(n))
(juegue(n))
(llegue(n))
(busque(n))
(toque(n))
(empiece(n) )
Estar
Ser
E
S
Este
Sea

17. EL SUBJUNTIVO
Used to express actions that are
uncertain or hypothetical
1) Will and Influence
2)Emotion
3)Doubt, disbelief, and denial
4) Indefiniteness and
nonexistence

18. EL SUBJUNTIVO CONT.
SAME
CONJUGATION
AS FORMAL
COMMANDS BUT
INCLUDES
NOSOTROS/YO
TRIGGER...
EJEMPLO -

19. Verbs of Will and Influence
Aconseja
rTo
advise
Importar To be
important
;to matter
Mandar To order
Prohibir
To
prohibit
Insistir
(en) To
insist
(on)
Recomen
dar
(e-ie) To
recomme
nd
Rogar
(o-ue) To beg ;
to plead
Sugerir
(e-ie) To suggest

20. Subjunctive w/Verbs of Emotion

21. Subjunctive w/ Verbs of Doubt, Disbelief and Denial
Que significa
PERHAPS =
DOUBT
Used when there is a
change in subject
(And the main clause implies
negation or uncertainty)
When to use just the
INDICATIVE?
There is no
doubt/uncertainty
que indicative
No negamos que hay
demasiados carros.
(We DON”T DENY =
affirmative)
Affirmative Sentence
Creer → Indicative
Negative Sentence
No Creer → Subjunctive

22. Subjunctive w/Conjunctions
Use the
subjunctive in
the subordinate
clause if the
main clause
expresses a
future action
or command
P.S.
-ger > ja
Use the infinitive after the prepositions
ANTES DE, PARA, and SIN when there
is no change in subject
Te llamamos el viernes antes Te llamamos manana antes
de salir de la casa
de que salgas
Use the
Conjunctions →
Subjunctive
indicative if the
Antes de que
verb in the main
clause
Para que
expresses an
Sin que
action that
Prepositions →
Infinitive
habitually
(no
happens or
Antes de
change in subject)
happened in
Para
the past

23. EXTRA SUBJUNCTI VE
Keanu se alegra de
QUE la profe sea su
novia.
Irregulars

24. WEIRDOS