This document is the table of contents for a Spanish grammar book. It outlines the chapters and topics that will be covered in the book, including: the preterite and imperfect tenses, verbs like gustar, the future tense, uses of por and para, the conditional tense, the past participle, commands, and the subjunctive mood. The table of contents provides page numbers for each section to help the reader navigate the book.

1. Spanish Grammar Book!David MorrisonPeriod: 31

2. 2Table of ContentsEl Pretérito…………………………………………………………………………………………….................................... 5 Trigger Words…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 -Car -Gar -Zar……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7 Spock Verbs………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8 Cucaracha Verbs……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9 Snake Verbs……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10Snakey Verbs………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11El Imperfecto………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Trigger words…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Irregulars………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14Preteritevs Imperfect……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15Ser vsEstar……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16Verbs like Gustar…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17Comparative/Superlatives…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18Transition Words…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19El Futuro ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20 Trigger Words…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 Irregulars…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 22

3. 3Table of ContentsPor………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23Para………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24The Conditional…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 25 Irregulars…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 26Past Participle……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 27Present Perfect……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28Past Perfect…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29Present Perfect Subjunctive………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 30Tanto and Tan……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 31Impersonal ‘Se’……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32Saber vsConocer………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33Informal Commands……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34Formal Commands……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..... 35Nosotros Commands (w/ mono verbs)…………………………………………………………………………………. 36Subjunctive…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 37 Forming the Subjunctive………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 38 Irregulars……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 39-40Impersonal Expressions…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 41

4. 4Table of ContentsSubjunctive with Verbs of Emotion……………………………………………………………………………………….. 42Subjunctive: Conjunctions of Time………………………………………………………………………………………… 43Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns…………………………………………………………………………. 44-45

5. El Pretérito-ar-erWhen using the preterite, take off the -er, -ir, or -ar ending and replace it with the corresponding ending (in bold) in the charts provided.-ir5

6. Tigger WordsThese words indicate that the preterite will be used.6

7. -Car -gar -zar-gar-carWhen using -car -gar -zar verbs in the preterite, take of the -car, -gar, or -zar ending and replace it with the corresponding ending (in bold) in the charts provided.-zar7

8. Spock VerbsHacerDARSERIRVERIr/SerDar/VerHACER8

9. Cucaracha VerbsrootendingWith these irregular verbs, in the preterite, change the root and add the appropriate ending.Note: When the verbs ‘conducir’, ‘producir’, ‘traducir’, ‘decir’, and ‘traer’ are used in the thrid-person plural, take off the i in ‘ieron’.9

10. Snake VerbsIf the first e in the verb in the present tense changes from e to i, then change the first e to i in the third person in the preterite.If the first e in the verb in the present tense changes from e to ie, then change the first e to i in the third person in the preterite.10

11. Snakey VerbsFor verbs that end in -aer, -eer, -oír, and -oer, the él/ella/usted forms use the ending "yó" (rather than ió) and the third person plural uses the ending "yeron" (rather than ieron). The remaining forms gain a written accent over the letter "i."Verbs that end in -uir change in the same way, but the written accent over the letter "i" only occurs in the yo form.CreerHuirExceptions to the Rule:traeratraerdistraerCucarachaVerbs!11

12. El Imperfecto-er/-ir-arWhen using the imperfect, take off the -er, -ir, or -ar ending and replace it with the corresponding ending (in bold) in the charts provided.12

13. Trigger WordsThese words indicate that the imperfect will be used.13

14. Irregularsirserver14

15. Preteritev. Imperfect15

16. SerEstarV.Description -Es un lápizOrigin -Es de ArgentinaCharacteristics -Es altoTime -Son las dosOccupation -Es DoctorRelationship -Es mi papáPossession -Es de mi madreEvent -Es en el cineDates-Es el lunesPhysical Condition -It is a condition that can change, not a trait-Estoymuytristeporquesaquémalasnotas.Location (Not Events) -Es de Argentina, peroahoraesta en los EstadosUnidos.Present Progressive Tense (-ing verbs) -Estalloviendo.16

17. Verbs Like GustarFaltarQuedarEncantarCaer (bien/mal)MolestarFascinarAburrirApetecerDolerSoprenderDisgustarInteresarPreocuparImportarWhen gustar is followed by one or more verbs in the infinitive, the singular form of gustar is always used

18. Gustar is often used in the conditional (me gustaría) to soften a request.

19. A Adela le encanta la música de Shakira.

20. A mi me intresa la músic de otrospaíses.

21. A mis amigos les encantanlascanciones de Maná.17

22. Comparatives/SuperlativesComparativesSuperlativesThey are formed with:the definite article + noun + másor menos + adjectiveEx: Carlos es la persona más inteligente que trabaja aquí.Ex: Es la ciuEqualitydad menos interesante del mundo.Tan is used with adjectives and adverbs while tanto is used with nouns and verbs.Irregulars18

23. Transition Words19

24. El Futuro20

25. Trigger Words21

26. IrregularsrootendingWith these irregular verbs, in the future tense, change the root and add the appropriate ending.22

27. PorPassing through

28. Caminópor la calle.

29. General rather than specific location

30. Se encuentraporahí.

31. How long something lasts

32. Estuvoenfermoporsietedías.

33. The cause of something

34. Porsu culpa, no fuimos al cine.

35. An exchange

36. Cambiósu auto porunonuevo.

37. Doing something in place of or instead of someone else

38. Hoy portí, mañanapormí.

39. A means of Transportation

40. Viajaronporbarcohasta Tierra del Fuego.23

41. ParaFor whom something is done

42. Compraremos un regalopara Sara.

43. Destination

44. Francisco tomó el aviónpara San Juan.

45. The purpose for which something is done