This document provides an overview of key grammar concepts in Spanish, including: 1. Stem-changing verbs that change the vowel sound in their stem. 2. The uses of the word "para" to indicate purpose or recipient. 3. Indirect object pronouns that indicate to whom an action is performed. 4. Rules for pronoun placement and an explanation of the verb "gustar". 5. The use of affirmative and negative words. 6. How to form superlatives by adding "-isimo" or related endings to adjectives and adverbs.

1. GRAMMAR BOOK
By: Erica Tibbs

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.Nationalidades
2.Stem Changers
3. Para
4.Indirect Object Pronouns
5. Pronoun Placement
6.Gustar
7.Affirmative & Negative Words
8. Superlatives

4. STEM CHANGERS
Boot verbs change inside the “boot”
Four kinds of boot verbs:
1. E>IE
2. E>I
3. U>UE
4. O>UE
The endings remain the same for ar, er, and ir.
Nosotros and vosotros will not change.

5. PARA
Means For or In order to.
To indicate:
1. The recipient of items.
2. A purpose.
3. Implied purpose.

6. INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS
Asks: For whom? Or To whom? the action Sentences that have an IO
of the verb is performed. usually also have a DO.
They are in 3 places:
1.Before conjugated verb. Ex: He gives the book to Maria.
2. Attach to an infinitive DO= Book
3. Attach to a gerund. Where is the book going? To Maria.
IO= Maria
Singular Plural
Me Me Nos Us
Te You Os You all familar
Le You formal, Les You all formal,
him, her, it them

7. PRONOUN PLACEMENT
1.Attach the pronoun to an infinite
2.Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense
3. Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command
4. Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb.

8. GUSTAR
Gustar = Like/Please
A mi= Me gusta Never use GUSTO, GUSTAMOS, or GUSTAIS
A ti= Te gusta
A Usd= Le gusta
A nosotros= Nos gusta Negative Phrase = “ No _____ gusta…”
Gusta  Singular Ex: Me gusta hablar espanol.
Gustan  Plural Ex: Me gustan tacos.
I Me We Nos
You Te Yall Os
Him/ Her/ It Le Them Le

9. AFFIRMATIVE & NEGATIVE
WORDS
When you want to talk about an indefinite or negative situation, you use an
affirmative or a negative word.
Algo=something Nada=nothing Ninguno is almost never
Alguien=someone Nadie=noone used, only with items that
Algun/alguno=some Ninguno=none are plural.
Siempre=always Nunca=never
Tambien=also Tampoco=niether
Double negative is required in spanish when no precedes the verb.
When negative words such as nunca comes before the verb, a second negative
is not needed.

10. SUPERLATIVES
-isimo -isimos -isima –isimas
- Added to adjectives or adverbs
- -Equivalent to extremely or very before an adjective or adverb.
- Malo > Malisimo Rico > Riquisimo
- Larga > Larguisima Muchas > Muchisimas
- Feliz > Felicisimo Dificil > Dificilismo
Adjective or Adverb ending in C, G, or Z change spelling to QU, GU, and C.
Adjective ending in –n or –r form by adding –cisimo/a
Joven > Jovencisimo
Trabajador > Trabajadorcisimo