The document discusses the four main perfect tenses in Spanish: the present perfect, pluperfect, future perfect, and conditional perfect. It explains that each perfect tense is formed using a form of the verb "haber" combined with a past participle. For each tense, it provides an example sentence in Spanish to illustrate its usage.

1. Perfect Tenses
PRESENT PERFECT, PLUPERFECT, FUTURE
PERFECT, CONDITIONAL PERFECT

2. Perfect Tenses
 A compound tense is one made up of two or more
words, and certain examples of compound tense
appear elsewhere, such as the present progressive
tense, when the verb estar (to be) is combined with
the present participle of another verb.
 A perfect tense, in English and in Spanish, is a type
of compound tense that is made up of a form of an
auxiliary verb – haber (to have) – in combination
with the past participle of another verb.

3. Past Participle
 The past participle in Spanish is equivalent to the
English –ed, -en, etc. endings.
 It is formed by dropping the –ar from the –ar verbs
and adding –ado to the infinitive stem.
 Example: nevar (to snow) – nevado (snowed)
 For –er/-ir verbs, drop the –er or –ir and add –ido
to the infinitive stem.
 Examples: comer (to eat) – comido (eaten)
 Surtir (to supply) – surtido (supplied)

4. Perfect Tenses
 In Spanish, there are four commonly used perfect
tenses:
1. Present Perfect
2. Pluperfect (Past Perfect)
3. Future Perfect
4. Conditional Perfect
 The verb haber (to have) is an auxiliary verb; the
verb tener (to have) is used to express possession.

5. Haber – Present Tense
 Haber – to have (auxiliary)
 He Hemos
 Has
 Ha Han

6. Present Perfect
 The present perfect tense is used to express an action
or event in the past without reference to a specific
time or duration.
 Often it is used to describe a recent or continuing
event in the past.
 It is formed with present tense of haber together
with the past participle.
 Example: She has gone to the store.
 Ella ha ido a la tienda.

7. Haber – Imperfect Tense
 Haber – to have (auxiliary)
 Había Habíamos
 Habías
 Había Habían

8. Pluperfect (Past Perfect)
 The pluperfect tense is used to express a past action
or event that is completed before another past action
or event.
 It is formed with haber in the imperfect tense
together with the past participle.
 Example: They had arrived many hours before the
sun.
 Habían llegado muchas horas antes del sol.

9. Haber – Future Tense
 Haber – to have (auxiliary)
 Habré Habremos
 Habrás
 Habrá Habrán

10. Future Perfect
 The future perfect tense is used to express a future
action or event that will have been completed before
another future action.
 It is formed with haber conjugated in the future
tense together with the past participle.
 Example: After this child, the woman will have
given birth six times.
 Después de este niño, la mujer habrá parido seis
veces.

11. Haber – Conditional Tense
 Haber – to have (auxiliary)
 Habría Habríamos
 Habrías
 Habría Habrían

12. Conditional Perfect
 The conditional perfect tense is used to express a
contrary-to-fact action or event in the past – one that
would have occurred if something else had not
happened.
 It is formed with haber conjugated in the conditional
tense together with the past participle.
 Example: The boys would have stopped if they had
known it was wrong.
 Los chicos se habrían detenido si hubieran sabido
que no es correcto.

13. Future and Conditional Perfect
 The future and conditional perfect tenses are also
used to express probability.
 Example: She must have given birth many times.
 Ella habrá parido muchas veces.
 Example: She had probably given birth many times.
 Ella habría parido muchas veces.