This document provides a summary of key Spanish 2 grammar concepts covered in the first quarter, including: 1. Ser and Estar verbs and their uses. 2. Verbs like gustar and how they follow the same conjugation pattern. 3. Hacer expressions used to talk about time. 4. Pretérito tense and its trigger words indicating a definite time in the past. 5. Irregular verb conjugations including car, gar, zar, spock, and cucaracha verbs. 6. Formation of affirmative and negative commands. 7. Uses of DOPs, IOPs, and the impersonal se construction.

1. Spanish 2 Grammar Concepts Bella Flaherty

2. Table of Contents- First Quarter Ser Estar Verbs like Gustar Hacer Expressions El Pretérito and Trigger Words Car, Gar, y Zar Spock Cucaracha Snake Snakeys Affirmative Commands Negetive and Irregular Commands DOPs IOPs Se Impersonal

3. 1. Ser SER Description, Origin, Characteristics, Time, Occupation, Relationship, Possession, Event, Date

6. 4. Hacer Time Expressions Preterite Tense is ago. Example: Haceunasemanaquedesapareció. Present Tense is since and for. Example: Hacetresdiasque no tengoproblemas con Pablo.

8. Anoche

9. El añopasado

10. La semanapasada

13. Cucaracha

15. 7. Spock Irregulars! 3 different groupings. The words in each grouping are conjugated the same way. The groupings are: IR y SER DAR y VER HACER

16. DAR SER VER IR HACER 7. SPOCK

17. 8. Cucaracha Endings for all are the same:

18. Andar- aduv Estar- estuv Poder- pud Poner- pus Querer- quis Saber- sup Tener- tuv Venir- vin Conducir- conduj Producir- produj Traducir- traduj Decir- dij Traer- traj 8. Cucaracha Verbs!

19. 9. Snake In the 3rd person, the stem change occurs. The stem change is to opposite vowel with the first vowel.

20. 10. Snakeys Follows same concept as SNAKE, but is more specific. In the 3rd person the stem change is the vowel “I” to the vowel “y”. Leer

21. 11. Affirmative Commands Steps: Put verb in ‘yo’ form Change to opposite vowel. Ar to e er/ir to a 3. If plural add a ‘n’ 4. Then, add DOP to end ONLY IF POSITIVE Example: Comalo!

22. 12. Negetive Commands Steps are same as affirmative except you may not add the DOP to the end of the verb. It must go before it. Example: Lo coma!

23. 12. Irregular Commands Tenga VERB IS TENER Venga VERB IS VENIR De VERB IS DAR I- Vaya VERB IS IR Sea VERB IS SER Haga VERB IS HACER Este VERB IS ESTAR Sepa VERB IS SABER

24. 13. DOPs Answers the question of what is receiving the direct action of the verb. DOPs are : lo, la, los, las, me, te, nos, se You must have a DOP in order to have an IOP, however in a sentence you always put the IOP behind the DOP.

25. 14. IOPs Answers the question to whom or for whom. IOPs are: me, te, le, nos, os, les. Because you can’t have two “l” IOP/DOP le and les can be changed to se. Example: I gave it to her. Se lo di! Gave=verb=di it=DOP=lo her=IOP=se

26. 15. Se Impersonal Se vendefruta. vfbfbcvfhf Aqui se hablaespanol. Se hizo mucho. Se hara mucho. Se habia mucho.