This document discusses present participles in Latin. It explains that present participles come from the second principal part of verbs and use third declension adjective endings. Present participles occur at the same time as the main verb and are best translated into English as "-ing" verbs. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to identify, form, and translate present participles.

1. Verbs being used as adjectives

2.  Participles come in all three tenses (present,
perfect, and future) and both voices (active and
passive)
The boy, running to the city, was happy.
 Which word in this sentence is the participle?
 What is happening first, the boy being happy
or the boy running to the city?
 At the same time!

3. How to identify, form, and translate

5.  The connecting vowels for the present
participles are the same as the imperfect tense:
laud + a  lauda
mon + e  mone
reg + e  rege
aud + ie  audie

6.  Since participles are used in the sentence as
adjectives, they will use adjective endings.
 Present Participles will use third declension
endings
 To our stem + vowel, we will add –ns (for the
nominative) and –ntis (for the genitive):
lauda  laudans, laudantis
mone  monens, monentis
rege  regens, regentis
audie  audiens, audientis

7.  You can add any ending from the third
declension in any gender to the stem of a
present participle
 The stem is the genitive without the –is . . . we
will add to whatever is left (let’s try –es):
laudantis  laudant + es  laudantes
monentis  monent + es  monentes
regentis  regent + es  regentes
audientis  audient + es  audientes

8.  Present participles will agree with their nouns
in case, number, and gender
 The best translation is ‘_____ing’
puer currens ad urbem laetus erat.
The boy, running to the city, was happy.

9.  Present participles happen the same time as the
main verb
 Their stem comes from the second principal
part
 They use only third declension endings
 They agree with their noun in case, number,
and gender
 They are best translated as ‘_____ing’

10.  Present participles happen the same time as the
main verb
 Their stem comes from the second principal
part
 They use only third declension endings
 They agree with their noun in case, number,
and gender
 They are best translated as ‘_____ing’