Mycology Study of Fungi Kingdome Introduction Kingdom ;Fungi Structure Reproduction

1. Fungus :Kingdom of organisms
Presented By :Khushbu’s
Microbiology

2. Introduction of Fungi
 Fungi :eukaryotic organisms that
include microorganisms such as
yeasts, moulds and mushrooms.
 These organisms are classified under
kingdom fungi.
 The organisms found in Kingdom
fungi contain a cell wall and are
omnipresent.
 They are classified as heterotrophs
among the living organisms.

3. Mycology
 Mycology :branch of biology concerned with the
systematic study of fungi, including their genetic
and biochemical properties, their taxonomy, and
their use to humans as a source of medicine,
food, psychotropic substances consumed for
religious purposes, as well as their dangers,
such as poisoning / infection.
 Phytopathology: the study of plant diseases, is
closely related because many plant pathogens
are fungi

4. • Appearance of black spots on bread left
outside for some days, the mushrooms
and the yeast cells, which are commonly
used for production of beer and bread are
also fungi.
• They are also found in most of the skin
infections and other fungal diseases.

5. General Characteristics of Fungi:
• Decomposers – the best recyclers around
• No chlorophyll – non photosynthetic
• Most multicellular (hyphae) – some unicellular (yeast)
• Cell walls made of chitin (kite-in) instead of cellulose like that of a plant
• Lack true roots, leaves and stems
• Absorptive heterotrophs
• Can invade the interior of a substrate with absorptive filaments
• Digest food externally and then absorb it
• Lack of chlorophyll affects the lifestyle of fungi…
• Not dependent on light
• Can occupy dark habitats
• Can grow in any direction

6. Structure of Fungi
 Body of fungus made of tiny
filaments or tubes
called hyphae .
 Contain cytoplasm and nuclei
(more than 1)
 Each hyphae is one continuous
cell
 Cell wall made of chitin
 A tangled mess of hyphae is
called mycelium
 Rhizoids are root-like parts of
fungi that anchor them to the
substrate (whatever they are
bonding to)
 Mycelium increase the surface
area of the fungi to absorb more
nutrients.

7. Cell Organization :
 Fungi cell wall : mainly made up of chitin &cellulose.
 Chitin is a polymer of N-acetyl glucosamine.
 cellulose is nothing but a polymer of d-glucose.
Besides, the cell wall may be made up of cellulose-
glycogen, cellulose-chitin or polygalactosamine-
galactan.

8. Reproduction : fungi either reproduces vegetatively,
asexually or sexually:
Vegetative Reproduction :
 Fragmentation: Some forms belonging to Ascomycotina and Basidiomycotina
multiply by breakage of the mycelium.
 Budding: Some unicelled forms multiply by budding.
 Fission: A few unicelled forms like yeasts and slime moulds multiply by this
process.
 Asexual Reproduction
• Sporangiospores: thin-walled, non-motile spores formed in a sporangium.
• Zoospores: thin-walled, motile spores formed in a zoosporangium.
• Conidia: In some fungi, the spores are not formed inside a sporangium.
Sexual reproduction:
 Plasmogamy: Fusion of two protoplasts.
 Karyogamy: Fusion of two nuclei.
 Meiosis: The reduction division.

9. Thanks :