The key principles of governance that come into play with regard to traffic management in Singapore are: - Targeted approach: Measures target specific issues - road usage, car ownership, to effectively manage traffic flow. - Adaptability: When ALS became inconvenient, ERP with modern technology was implemented. Schemes evolve based on effectiveness. - Multi-pronged strategies: Combining road pricing, park-and-ride, vehicle quotas to comprehensively reduce traffic rather than a single solution. - Data-driven: Traffic data is collected and analyzed to determine problem areas and measure impact of policies. Rates are adjusted based on monitoring. - Participation: Motorists play a part through paying road usage fees