The key principles of governance that have helped Singapore manage its traffic are: - Targeted measures - Singapore implemented specific measures like ERP, COE, etc. to target road usage and car ownership rather than broad measures. This makes governance more effective. - Evidence-based policymaking - Measures like ALS were discontinued when proven ineffective and replaced by better alternatives like ERP supported by data on traffic flows. - Adaptability to changes - As population and traffic grew, Singapore kept adapting its governance approach with new measures and technologies rather than sticking to old solutions. - Multi-pronged approach - Singapore uses a combination of demand management, infrastructure expansion and behavioral changes rather than relying on only one approach. This comprehensive

1. Understanding Governance
Through the management of
traffic flow in Singapore

2. Increased Population Growth
Increased Traffic Flow
More
More land
traffic
needed
More issues
infrastructure
needed
Greater costs, lower standard of living

3. Target:
- Road usage
- Car ownership

4. How do these measures help to control traffic?
Area Licensing Scheme
Road Usage (pay)
Electronic Road Pricing
Road Usage (pay)
Park-and-Ride Scheme
Road Usage
Vehicle Quota System
Car Ownership

5. Area Licensing Scheme
• Main aim: To manage
the heavy traffic flow
in the Central
Business District
(CBD)

6. Area Licensing Scheme
• Under this scheme,
motorists had to pay for
the use of certain roads in
Singapore, known as
Restricted Zones
• Gantries were set up at
the boundaries of these
areas to monitor cars Restricted Zones
entering

7. Area Licensing Scheme
Volume of traffic flow going into the CBD
during 7.30 am to 9.30am
Before
The implementation of ALS in June
1975
32,500 vehicles Successful
in ensuring
After smooth
The implementation of ALS in June traffic flow
1975 in the CBD
7,700 vehicles

8. Area Licensing Scheme
• However it was
discontinued:
–Too inconvenient as it
required someone to sit at
the gantry to monitor the
cars

9. Electronic Road Pricing
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFO7wd
qUolA

10. Electronic Road Pricing
• Using more up-to-date technology
• Motorists pay a certain amount when
entering the Central Business District area
during peak hours
– on expressways, roads leading to CBD
• A certain amount of money will be deducted
from cash-cards when they pass the ERP
gantries

11. Electronic Road Pricing
• Replaced the Area Licensing Scheme
(ALS)
–Uses more up-to-date technology
–More convenient and efficient than
ALS

12. Traffic flow along the two leftmost lanes of the PIE leading
to the CTE (city) at 8.33am yesterday after ERP rates went
up from $4.50 to $5.00 (Published in The Straits Times)

14. Park-and-Ride Scheme
• Park at specific car
parks outside the CBD
area, and use public
transport to enter the
city area

15. Park-and-Ride Scheme
• Out of 7,700 additional
parking lots created,
only 585 were taken
Not worthwhile to
leave cars parked
outside all day.
I’ll try to sneak into the
CBD area before
7.30am then…

16. Vehicle Quota System

17. Vehicle Quota System

18. Vehicle Quota System
• The Land
Transport
Authority (LTA)
determined the
no. of new motor
vehicles allowed
for registration

19. Vehicle Quota System
• Implementation of
the Certificate of
Entitlement (COE)
system
• Drivers had to own
a license to purchase
cars
• Only successful
bidders will pay for
the COE
• COE to be renewed
after 10 years

20. “Which is the most effective way to control
the flow of traffic?”
Area Licensing Scheme
Road Usage (pay)
Electronic Road Pricing
Road Usage (pay)
Park-and-Ride Scheme
Road Usage
Vehicle Quota System
Car Ownership

21. How do you see the Principles of
Governance come into play with
regard to the management of traffic
in Singapore?