Goal setting is effective when: - Goals are self-set and specific, as people are then motivated to take ownership and action to achieve them. Breaking large goals into smaller, concrete steps also helps. - Goals align with one's strengths and interests, building on skills already mastered. Sharing goals with a supportive network provides encouragement. - There is a belief that the goal is worthwhile and one's actions will ensure attainment. Tracking progress via goal setting helps maintain achievement. Goal setting is less effective when: - Goals are imposed by others as this can encourage risky or unethical behaviors just to meet the goals. Competition over cooperation may also lower performance. -