The document discusses how design thinking teams use observation and questioning to understand user needs. It provides examples of teams that observed expectant mothers to understand their need for community, and observed and questioned people involved in food preparation and delivery for the elderly to understand poor nutrition. The document also discusses how ideas are developed to meet user needs, such as brainstorming, and how ideas are tested, including testing classroom furniture arrangements, bringing in a chef to inspire kitchen staff, and testing prototypes with intended users to gather feedback.

1. Design
thinking

2. Question # 1
What do people need?

3. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/the-expanding-role-of-design-in-creating-an-end-to-end-customer-experience
What needs do users have?
What do users value?
What will users want in the future?

4. By asking questions to and observing local expectant
mothers, the design thinking team learned that these
women had a strong need for a sense of community.
https://hbr.org/2017/08/health-care-providers-can-use-design-thinking-to-improve-patient-experiences
https://hbr.org/video/4443548301001/the-explainer-design-thinking

5. In Holstebro in Denmark, a design thinking team made observations to
find reasons for poor nutrition.
They observed, for example,
 how cooks prepared food.
 how food was delivered to elderly people.
 how elderly people set the table and ate the food.
http://thisisdesignthinking.net/2016/05/the-good-kitchen/

6. In Holstebro in Denmark, a design thinking team asked questions to
find reasons for poor nutrition.
They asked questions to
 the supervisor of the food preparation process.
 cooks who prepared food.
 elderly people who received and ate the food.
http://thisisdesignthinking.net/2016/05/the-good-kitchen/

7. In northern Ghana, mosquito nets are provided free to pregnant women
and mothers with children under age 5. These women can readily pick up
free nets from local public hospitals.
By asking questions to Albert, a well-educated Ghanaian, who had
recently contracted malaria, the problem could be defined: There was no
place in the city of Tamale to purchase a mosquito net. Because so many
people could obtain free nets from hospitals, it was not profitable for
shop owners to sell them. And hospitals were not equipped to sell
additional nets.
https://ssir.org/articles/entry/design_thinking_for_social_innovation

8. Question # 2
How do we develop ideas that
help satisfy needs people have?

9. https://www.edutopia.org/blog/design-thinking-and-deskless-classroom-tracy-evans
Brainstorm to create many ideas that can
help satisfy user needs / solve the problem.

10. Question # 3
How do we test ideas?

11. One of the ideas that 2nd grade teacher Michael Schurr
tested with his students, who had a need to feel more
comfortable in the classroom, was creating a comfortable
semi-private space where students could study.
https://designthinkingforeducators.com/design-examples/

12. Students tested learning environment ideas by
moving furniture around in the classroom
and taking some furniture out.
https://www.edutopia.org/blog/design-thinking-and-deskless-classroom-tracy-evans

13. To change a negative culture in a kitchen that produced food for elderly,
the design thinking tested the idea of bringing in a gourmet
chef to inspire people, who worked in the kitchen.
The gourmet chef
 praised the food they made.
 praised their professional competencies.
 inspired them to think more in colours when they present the food.
 inspired them to use more seasonal ingredients.
http://thisisdesignthinking.net/2016/05/the-good-kitchen/

14. Testing new, chef-style uniforms with cooks, who produced
food for elderly people, helped solve the problem of poor nutrition
among elderly people in Holstebro in Denmark.
Why? The chef-style uniforms helped give the cooks a greater sense of
pride / dignity / status / authority. This was a strong need, the cooks
had, because they felt that others had a poor perception of them.
http://mitsloan.mit.edu/newsroom/articles/design-thinking-explained/
http://thisisdesignthinking.net/2016/05/the-good-kitchen/

15. Let people, who want to use the product, test the product.
Example
In Vietnam, there was a man who kept giving suggestions about the design
of a hand-washing station. This man tested the product at home. A week
later, he suggested improvements to the product. The most substantial
improvement suggestion was to put the hand-washing station in the
kitchen. Why? People in his household preferred keeping hand-washing
stations in their kitchen because it was the place they were most likely to
get other family members sick through contaminated food.
http://philmckinney.com/design-thinking-and-innovation-a-real-life-example/

16. Testing the idea of creating more beautiful photos
of rooms rented out via www.airbnb.com and replacing
them with the not so good photos helped users to better
understand what they were paying for.
As a result, the number of users grew.
http://firstround.com/review/How-design-thinking-transformed-Airbnb-from-failing-startup-to-billion-dollar-business/