Computer Generations
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This document summarizes the five generations of computers from 1942 to present. It outlines the key characteristics of each generation including the technologies used, size, processing speed, and examples of computers from each period. The generations progressed from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits to artificial intelligence. Computers decreased in size over time while increasing significantly in processing speed and capabilities.
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2) Computers are categorized by their size and use, including supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers.
3) Programming languages allow users to communicate with computers and are divided into low-level languages close to machine code and high-level languages resembling English.
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1) A computer manipulates data and can be used for tasks like document writing, emailing, web browsing, spreadsheets, and more.
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Computer generations powerpoint slide
1) The document discusses the history of computer generations from first to fifth generation. It describes the important hardware and characteristics of each generation.
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Computer generations powerpoint slide
1) The document discusses the history of computer generations from first to fifth generation. It describes the important hardware and characteristics of each generation.
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generations of computers.pdf
The modern computer took its shape with the arrival of your time. It had been around 16th century when the evolution of the computer started. The initial computer faced many changes, obviously for the betterment. It continuously improved itself in terms of speed, accuracy, size, and price to urge the form of the fashionable day computer. This long period is often conveniently divided into the subsequent phases called computer generations:
First Generation Computers (1940-1956)
Second Generation Computers (1956-1963)
Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)
Fourth Generation Computers (1971-Present)
Fifth Generation Computers (Present and Beyond)
Before there are graphing calculators, spreadsheets, and computer algebra systems, mathematicians and inventors searched for solutions to ease the burden of calculation.
Below are the 8 mechanical calculators before modern computers were invented.
1. Abacus (ca. 2700 BC)
2. Pascal’s Calculator (1652)
3. Stepped Reckoner (1694)
4. Arithmometer (1820)
5. Comptometer (1887) and Comptograph (1889)
6. The Difference Engine (1822)
7. Analytical Engine (1834)
8. The Millionaire (1893)
First Generation Computers: Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956)
The technology behind the primary generation computers was a fragile glass device, which was called vacuum tubes. These computers were very heavy and really large in size. These weren’t very reliable and programming on them was a really tedious task as they used low-level programming language and used no OS. First-generation computers were used for calculation, storage, and control purpose. They were too bulky and large that they needed a full room and consume rot of electricity.
Main first generation computers are:
ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, built by J. Presper Eckert and John V. Mauchly was a general-purpose computer. It had been very heavy, large, and contained 18,000 vacuum tubes.
EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer was designed by von Neumann. It could store data also as instruction and thus the speed was enhanced.
UNIVAC: Universal Automatic Computer was developed in 1952 by Eckert and Mauchly.
Main characteristics of first generation computers are:
Main electronic component Vacuum tube.
Programming language Machine language.
Main memory Magnetic tapes and magnetic drums.
Input/output devices Paper tape and punched cards.
Speed and size Very slow and very large in size (often taking up entire room).
Examples of the first generation IBM 650, IBM 701, ENIAC, UNIVAC1, etc.
Second Generation Computers: Transistors (1956-1963)
Second-generation computers used the technology of transistors rather than bulky vacuum tubes. Another feature was the core storage. A transistor may be a device composed of semiconductor material that amplifies a sign or opens or closes a circuit.
Transistors were invented in Bell Labs. The use of transistors made it possible to perform powerfully and with due speed.
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The document summarizes the five generations of computers from first to fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes, were very large in size and slow in processing speed. The second generation used transistors, were smaller in size and faster. The third generation used integrated circuits and were smaller and faster than previous generations. The fourth generation used very large scale integration and introduced personal computers. The fifth generation is predicted to use artificial intelligence. Each generation saw improvements in size, speed and capabilities over previous generations due to new technological developments.
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The document classifies computers into four categories: by generation, purpose, size, and type. It describes the five generations of computers from the first to fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, expensive machines that solved one problem at a time. The second generation used transistors and were smaller, cheaper, and faster. The third generation used integrated circuits and allowed multitasking. The fourth generation used microprocessors and had graphical user interfaces. The fifth generation, still in development, aims to develop artificial intelligence capabilities.
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS CHART
its about how the computers are developing Generation in computer terminology is a change in technology a computer is/was being used.
Computer Generations
The document summarizes the five generations of computers from the first generation in 1946 to the current fifth generation. Each generation is characterized by a major technological development that improved upon the previous generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second used transistors, the third used integrated circuits, the fourth used very large scale integrated circuits and microprocessors, and the fifth generation continues to use improved versions of integrated circuits along with a focus on parallel processing and artificial intelligence.
Generations of computer
The document summarizes the five generations of computers based on major technological developments that changed their operation. The generations progressed from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits to microprocessors. Each generation saw computers become smaller, cheaper, more powerful, efficient and reliable. The first generation used vacuum tubes, magnetic drums and machine language. The second generation used transistors and assembly language. The third generation used integrated circuits and operating systems. The fourth generation used microprocessors on a single chip. The fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence and expert systems to enable computers to think and reason.
Aashu and ajay
Computers have been categorized into generations based on their characteristics and the technologies used. The document discusses the first 5 generations of computers: 1) First generation used vacuum tubes from 1951-1959 and were very large and slow. 2) Second generation used transistors from 1959-1963 and were smaller and faster. 3) Third generation used integrated circuits from 1963-1975 and were smaller still with faster processing. 4) Fourth generation from 1975-today used VLSI chips and were small, fast, and user friendly. 5) Fifth generation computers of the future will use artificial intelligence.
The computers generations
This document discusses the five generations of computers from 1946 to the present. Each generation is defined by the technology used in processors and circuits. The 1st generation used vacuum tubes, the 2nd used transistors, the 3rd used integrated circuits, the 4th used VLSI circuits, and the 5th uses ULSI technology. Each generation brought improvements in size, cost, speed, reliability and capabilities. Examples of computers from each generation are provided. The conclusion states that computer technology continues to advance positively for humanity.
FOC PPT.pptx
This document discusses the five generations of computers from 1946 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were very large, expensive, and unreliable. The second generation introduced transistors, making computers smaller and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits which further reduced size and heat. The fourth generation used microprocessors on a single chip and allowed for widespread commercial use. The fifth generation, still in development, aims to achieve artificial intelligence through parallel processing and superconductors.
Bangladesh university of business & technology
The document discusses the five generations of computers from 1946 to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were very large, expensive machines. The second generation used transistors and were more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits, making computers smaller and more affordable. The fourth generation used microprocessors and VLSI circuits, leading to personal computers. The fifth generation uses ULSI technology and focuses on artificial intelligence and parallel processing. [/SUMMARY]
Evolution of Computers ppt.pptx
The document summarizes the five generations of computers from the first to fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, slow, and unreliable. The second generation used transistors, which made computers smaller, faster, and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits, making computers even smaller and faster with more memory. The fourth generation used microprocessors, allowing CPUs to be placed on a single chip and leading to the development of personal computers. The fifth generation aims to develop artificial intelligence capabilities.
vdocument.in_ppt-on-generations-of-computer.ppt
The document summarizes the evolution of computers across five generations from 1940 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, expensive, and slow. The second generation introduced transistors, making computers smaller and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits, further reducing size and power needs. The fourth generation began using microprocessors, resulting in small, portable, and affordable personal computers. Current and future fifth generation computers are exploring artificial intelligence and new technologies like expert systems and virtual reality.
ICT assignment.pptx
This document provides an overview of computer generations and operating systems. It discusses 5 generations of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the current fifth generation using ultra-large scale integration. Each generation saw improvements in size, speed, reliability and cost. The document also covers the evolution of operating systems from no OS in early computers to modern graphical user interface systems. Key events and characteristics of operating systems are presented for each computer generation.
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Bangladesh university of business & technology
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Computer Generations
- 1. “ Computer Generations “ Welcome To Our Presentation On 1
- 2. 2 Group Member’s Name Group Member’s ID 1. MD. Atikur Rahman ➡ 181-15-2024 2. MD. Soliman Hosen ➡ 181-15-1738 3. MD. Tanvir Ahmed ➡ 181-15-1939 4. Nafisha Tamanna Nice ➡ 181-15-1837 5. MD. Muftain Ahmed Joy ➡ 181-15-1849 Group Name : RAINBOW WARRIORS
- 3. Generation of Computers: Based on the characteristics of various computers developed from time to time, they are categorized as generation of computers. (1942-1955) (1955-1964) (1964-1975) (1975-1989) (1989-Present) 3
- 4. First Generation Computers: Time Period : 1942 to 1955 . Technology : Vacuum. Tubes Size : Very Large Processing : Very Slow Characterized By: Magnetic Drums • Magnetic Tapes • Difficult to program • Used machine language & assembly language 4
- 5. 5 • The main features of the first generation are − • Vacuum tube technology • Unreliable • Supported machine language only • Very costly • Generated a lot of heat • Slow input and output devices • Huge size • Need of AC • Non-portable • Consumed a lot of electricity • Some computers of this generation were − • ENIAC • EDVAC • UNIVAC • IBM-701 • IBM-650
- 6. Second Generation Computers: Time Period : 1955 to 1964 Technology : Transistors Size: : Smaller Processing : Faster than 1st generation computers Characterized By:- • Magnetic Cores • Magnetic Disk • Used high level language • Easier to program 6
- 7. 7 • The main features of second generation are − • Use of transistors • Reliable in comparison to first generation computers • Smaller size as compared to first generation computers • Generated less heat as compared to first generation computers • Consumed less electricity as compared to first generation computers • Faster than first generation computers • Still very costly • AC required • Supported machine and assembly languages • Some computers of this generation were − • IBM 1620 • IBM 7094 • CDC 1604 • CDC 3600 • UNIVAC 1108
- 8. Time Period: 1964 to 1975 Technology : ICs (Integrated Circuits) Incorporated many transistors & electronic circuits on a single chip Size : Small as compared to 2nd generation computers Processing : Faster then 2nd generation computers Third Generation Computers: Characterized by:- • Minicomputers accessible by multiple users from remote terminals. • IC (Integrated Circuit) 8
- 9. 9 • The main features of third generation are − • IC used • More reliable in comparison to previous two generations • Smaller size • Generated less heat • Faster • Lesser maintenance • Costly • AC required • Consumed lesser electricity • Supported high-level language • Some computers of this generation were − • IBM-360 series • Honeywell-6000 series • PDP (Personal Data Processor) • IBM-370/168 • TDC-316
- 10. Fourth Generation Computers: Time Period : 1975-1989 Technology : VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) Incorporated many millions of transistors & electronic circuits on a single chip Size : Small as compared to first generation computer Processing : Faster than previous generation computers Characterized by: •The personal computer and user friendly •micro-programs, very fast processor chip •High level language, OOP (Object Oriented Programming) •VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) 10
- 11. 11 • The main features of fourth generation are − • VLSI technology used • Very cheap • Portable and reliable • Use of PCs • Very small size • Pipeline processing • No AC required • Concept of internet was introduced • Great developments in the fields of networks • Computers became easily available • Some computers of this generation were − • DEC 10 • STAR 1000 • PDP 11 • CRAY-1(Super Computer) • CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)
- 12. Fifth Generation Computers: Time Period : 1989 to Present Technology : ULSI, AI, Robotics, Neural Networks Development of expert systems to make decisions in real-life situations Natural language understanding Size :Small as compared to previous generation computers Processing : Faster than previous generation computers Characterized by: •Super large scale integrated chips. •Artificial intelligence. • Able to solve highly complex problem including decision making, logical reasoning. • Able to use more than one CPU for faster processing speed. • Intended to work with natural language. 12
- 13. 13 • The main features of fifth generation are − • ULSI technology • Development of true artificial intelligence • Development of Natural language processing • Advancement in Parallel Processing • Advancement in Superconductor technology • More user-friendly interfaces with multimedia features • Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates • Some computer types of this generation are − • Desktop • Laptop • NoteBook • UltraBook • ChromeBook
- 14. CONCLUSION • As a result of the various improvements to the development of the computer we have seen the computer being used in all areas of life. It is a very useful tool that will continue to experience new development as time passes. 14
- 15. Thank you for being with us . 15