PA 315
Government Business Relations
Chapter 11
1
Up till now, we have completed the first portion of class, which we focused on economic development policies and practices in domestic context. We examined the tensions between government business relations in the following dimensions:
market vs. government (how much role should government play in economic development)
public interest vs. private interest (how to balance the pubic and private interests in economic development)
Starting from today, we are going to the second half of the class, focusing on economic development policies in the international context. The tensions between government and business relations are examined in the following perspectives:
neoliberalism vs. protectionism (how extensive should government policies be promoting free trade and protecting domestic industries)
national interest vs. global responsibility (as a player in the global arena, how to balance the national interest and its global responsibility)
What’s left…
Globalization
Neoliberalism and Protectionism
North American trade agreements (examples of regional trade agreements) –NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement
Free Trade vs. Fair Trade –
European Union (regional economy and political integration) –
IFO: International Finance Institutions –
In the second half of the class, we will shift to analyze the international trading regimes and government’s role in managing them. Here are the topics as listed in your syllabus.
NAFTA – Mexico, Canada, and United States
CAFTA – Expansion of NAFTA – includes Central American countries of
1. Costa Rica
2. El Salvador
3. Guatemala
4. Honduras
5. Nicaragua
In 2004, Dominican Republic was added and the agreement was renamed CAFTA –DR
The free trade area of the Americas is an expansion to the NAFTA. Representatives from all countries in North, South, and Latin America, as well as the Caribbean are involved. The only country not represented is CUBA.
2
What is globalization?
When you think of globalization, do you think of it in positive terms or negative terms?
Globalization
Globalization is an umbrella term
It is the free movement of goods, services, and people across the world in a seamless and integrated manner
Things to consider…
Most regions are self sufficient – locally produced foods, fuels and raw materials are generally processed for local consumption.
Even though trade has been around for centuries (silk traders), trade between regions was limited.
Today, economies of most countries are interconnected creating a single, interdependent global economy.
The term globalization includes change through the spread of ideas, information and perceptions which lead to cultural and social changes.
4
The world is entered into an era of globalism or globalization, which is an umbrella term for a complex series of economic, social, technological, cultural and political changes. It is seen as increasing interdependence, int.
Globalization is the process by which ideas, knowledge, information, goods, and services spread around the world through integrated economies marked by free trade and movement of capital and labor. The document discusses the three main components of economic globalization: production, finance, and markets. It also examines cultural globalization through the globalization of food, sport, and converging consumption patterns. Political globalization is discussed through examples like the European Union and NATO, which establish international norms and ease movement and trade but can also decrease accountability. The global economy refers to interconnected worldwide economic activities between countries that can have positive or negative impacts, and emerging markets are important for long-term world economic outlook and microeconomic importance.
This document provides an introduction to the study of globalization. It defines globalization as the increasing connectivity between people across large distances. The document outlines intended learning outcomes, competing conceptions of globalization, and perspectives from different disciplines. It also discusses theories of globalization, the emergence and expansion of global markets, arguments for and against homogenization, and potential harms of globalization.
Globalization, nationalism, and public administration present challenges and opportunities:
1. Globalization increases economic integration worldwide while nationalism promotes unique national identity, creating tensions.
2. Globalization impacts governance by increasing the influence of private actors and reducing the state's role, though the state still regulates economic policies.
3. It also blurs public-private distinctions as private firms provide more public services while governments operate more like businesses.
The document discusses different perspectives on the concept of globalization. It begins by explaining mainstream economic views of globalization as increasing international trade and integration of markets. It also discusses emerging views that see globalization's impacts as reaching beyond economics to transform political, social and cultural institutions as well. Globalization is described as occurring through various dimensions including changes in firms and production processes, the rise of global governance systems, and social and environmental movements. The challenges it poses for government policymaking are noted. Overall, the summary captures that the document presents a wide-ranging overview of concepts and debates surrounding the multidimensional nature and impacts of globalization.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of countries through increased movement of goods, capital, services, and people across borders. It involves growing economic, political, and cultural interconnections between societies around the world. Key aspects of globalization include the rapid growth of cross-border trade and investment; the spread of technology and transportation infrastructure to connect distant populations; and the flow of people, ideas, and shared culture between countries. While globalization offers economic opportunities through greater competition and access to new markets, it also poses challenges like increased competition that can negatively impact local industries and monopolization of markets by powerful multinational corporations.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration of economies and societies around the world through cross-border movement of goods, services, technology and ideas. It involves several dimensions including economic, technological, sociocultural and political. The document discusses the various definitions, types, advantages and disadvantages of globalization. While globalization has increased trade and growth opportunities, it has also been criticized for exacerbating inequality and unemployment, undermining local cultures and weakening the control of national governments. The impact of globalization on development has been mixed, with both benefits and challenges that need to be addressed.
The document discusses three major areas of globalization: economic, cultural, and political. It provides details on each:
Economic globalization involves increasing economic interdependence and integration between countries through cross-border movement of goods, services, technology and capital. It includes the globalization of production and markets.
Cultural globalization refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings and values around the world, intensifying social relations through shared consumption of diffused cultures. It brings increasing interconnectedness among populations and cultures.
Political globalization involves the growth of the worldwide political system in size and complexity, including the declining importance of nation-states and rise of other actors like international organizations.
The document also discusses aspects
Globalization is the process by which ideas, knowledge, information, goods, and services spread around the world through integrated economies marked by free trade and movement of capital and labor. The document discusses the three main components of economic globalization: production, finance, and markets. It also examines cultural globalization through the globalization of food, sport, and converging consumption patterns. Political globalization is discussed through examples like the European Union and NATO, which establish international norms and ease movement and trade but can also decrease accountability. The global economy refers to interconnected worldwide economic activities between countries that can have positive or negative impacts, and emerging markets are important for long-term world economic outlook and microeconomic importance.
This document provides an introduction to the study of globalization. It defines globalization as the increasing connectivity between people across large distances. The document outlines intended learning outcomes, competing conceptions of globalization, and perspectives from different disciplines. It also discusses theories of globalization, the emergence and expansion of global markets, arguments for and against homogenization, and potential harms of globalization.
Globalization, nationalism, and public administration present challenges and opportunities:
1. Globalization increases economic integration worldwide while nationalism promotes unique national identity, creating tensions.
2. Globalization impacts governance by increasing the influence of private actors and reducing the state's role, though the state still regulates economic policies.
3. It also blurs public-private distinctions as private firms provide more public services while governments operate more like businesses.
The document discusses different perspectives on the concept of globalization. It begins by explaining mainstream economic views of globalization as increasing international trade and integration of markets. It also discusses emerging views that see globalization's impacts as reaching beyond economics to transform political, social and cultural institutions as well. Globalization is described as occurring through various dimensions including changes in firms and production processes, the rise of global governance systems, and social and environmental movements. The challenges it poses for government policymaking are noted. Overall, the summary captures that the document presents a wide-ranging overview of concepts and debates surrounding the multidimensional nature and impacts of globalization.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of countries through increased movement of goods, capital, services, and people across borders. It involves growing economic, political, and cultural interconnections between societies around the world. Key aspects of globalization include the rapid growth of cross-border trade and investment; the spread of technology and transportation infrastructure to connect distant populations; and the flow of people, ideas, and shared culture between countries. While globalization offers economic opportunities through greater competition and access to new markets, it also poses challenges like increased competition that can negatively impact local industries and monopolization of markets by powerful multinational corporations.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration of economies and societies around the world through cross-border movement of goods, services, technology and ideas. It involves several dimensions including economic, technological, sociocultural and political. The document discusses the various definitions, types, advantages and disadvantages of globalization. While globalization has increased trade and growth opportunities, it has also been criticized for exacerbating inequality and unemployment, undermining local cultures and weakening the control of national governments. The impact of globalization on development has been mixed, with both benefits and challenges that need to be addressed.
The document discusses three major areas of globalization: economic, cultural, and political. It provides details on each:
Economic globalization involves increasing economic interdependence and integration between countries through cross-border movement of goods, services, technology and capital. It includes the globalization of production and markets.
Cultural globalization refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings and values around the world, intensifying social relations through shared consumption of diffused cultures. It brings increasing interconnectedness among populations and cultures.
Political globalization involves the growth of the worldwide political system in size and complexity, including the declining importance of nation-states and rise of other actors like international organizations.
The document also discusses aspects
This document is an introductory chapter about global studies, globalization, and global citizenship. It discusses how global studies emerged as a field of academic study to address increasingly global issues. It explores various definitions of globalization and debates around whether it is positive or negative. Finally, it compares the concept of global citizenship to traditional definitions of citizenship, noting global citizens see their local actions as having global consequences and responsibility.
Global education and current trends from social abstract for the paperAmarwaha
The last century intense with a dream and aspirations and major social experiments has ended with general collapse of initiative for social transformation and total disillusionment with efforts of ‘development’ of the so called ‘developing’ nations. The so called victorious ideology-capitalism- has sought to consolidate its triumph with a call for ‘globalization’ for freeing of market, for unchecked hunting by private capital within and across nations with total disregard for the sovereignty rights of nations across the world. Globalization did not develop evenly: indeed, it was accompanied by inequality and conflict. The global development of economic and social relations has been paralleled by wide disparities between North and South.
GLOBAL EDUCATION AND CURRENT TRENDS FROM SOCIAL-abstract for the paperamita marwaha
Globalization is an economic, social, cultural, and environmental process that has led to increasing global integration and interdependence. It has driven major changes through technological innovations, broader political changes, and economic policies over the past decades. However, globalization has also been accompanied by inequality and conflicts between nations. Education can help address some of the controversies around globalization by promoting global awareness, sustainable development, human rights, democracy, and peace. Global education aims to develop attitudes and skills to avoid indifference, consider interdependencies among nations, and encourage responsible action to address global challenges.
Disadvantages Of Economic GlobalizationBeth Johnson
The document discusses some of the economic impacts of globalization, both positive and negative. Positively, globalization has allowed countries to access cheaper goods and services through international trade. It has also created new job opportunities overseas. However, it has also been criticized for making wealthier parts of the world richer while making poorer areas poorer relatively. It has also disrupted some domestic industries. Overall, the document presents both sides of the economic impacts of globalization.
1Annotated bibliographyBryant, R. A. (2000). Acute Stress .docxhyacinthshackley2629
1
Annotated bibliography
Bryant, R. A. (2000). Acute Stress Disorder: A Handbook of Theory, Assessment, and Treatment.
This article highlights the tools of avoiding the development of the PTSD through finding along with treating those with the Acute Stress Disorder. Moving on the clinical along with research experience, they review many problems as well as detail procedures for utilizing cognitive behavior therapy for treating the Acute Stress Disorder (Bryant, 2000).
Thornton, L. L. (2001). Recovery From Schizophrenia.
This article has been the life experience story about Louise Thornton, the mother of 3 kids. 2 of them are diagnosed with the mental illness. Her son has been diagnosed with the schizoaffective disorder are living with symptoms for more than twenty years. Her daughter has the dual diagnosis as well as severe depression (Thornton, 2001).
References
Bryant, R. A. (2000). Acute Stress Disorder: A Handbook of Theory, Assessment, and Treatment.
Thornton, L. L. (2001). Recovery From Schizophrenia.
Running Head: GLOBALIZATION 1
GLOBALIZATION 11
Globalization
Student’s Name
Instructor’s Name
Course Title
Date
Introduction
In past few years globalization has been much discussed issue. In this essay, I would attempt to describe the meaning of word globalization along with I would evaluate the benefits as well as drawbacks of the global world. Globalization has altered the face of world. Apart from that, I would discuss major changes in the trade policies of globalization. And at last, I would evaluate the consequences for migration within the global world.
Globalization
Term ‘A Global Village’ has majorly been related to Marshall McLuhan (Baker, 2011). In its books he terms how world has contracted into single big village. Global Village is called as the effects about globalization, mass media along with information and communication technology. As per this philosopher and sociologist, there would be just major culture left within this world. Capability for somebody for gathering the information quite fast wherever they have been provides impression, which we live in similar virtual place, in similar village.
With increasing standards of world along with the present concepts as well as complexities within the political, economic along with the socio-cultural ideologies, man has often and regularly pondered on aspects about his nature. Unity, equality, trade as well as commerce have been at forefront of complexities of man.
Having those thoughts in mind, man has moved by history thus trying to satisfy its desires in regard to rest of the people. Advent of 21st century has given birth to concept about making world one village, therefore, globalization. World is getting smaller, has been the term utilized quite often for describing the nowadays world along with globalization. Economic growth has grasped majorly all the nations.
Globalization has been the process, which began to appear at finish of 19th cen.
GLOBALIZATION and The Globalization Paradox: Why Global Markets, States, and ...tesfa7
is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide (en.m.Wikipedia.org). The authors of the articles discussed that;
Impacts of Globalization on developing and developed countries
Faire economic distribution and employment opportunities
National government demands to frame their policy aligned with international environmental laws and regulations
This document discusses globalization and its relationship to international relations. It begins by defining globalization and how it interconnects cultures and economies on a global scale. Both advantages and disadvantages of globalization are then examined. Key advantages include increased GDP, reduced unemployment, and greater competition. Key disadvantages include uneven distribution of wealth between developed and developing countries. The document concludes by stating that while globalization faces obstacles, its positive effects will prevail if people and governments make cooperative efforts to address issues like poverty and migration.
Globalization Essay
Introduction Globalization
Essay on Cultural Globalization
An Introduction to Globalization Essay
Essay on Globalization
Essay on The History of Globalization
Essay On Globalisation
Advantages of Globalization Essay
Essay on Globalization Is Good
This document discusses perspectives on globalization from both pro-globalists and anti-globalists. It outlines some of the perceived benefits of globalization such as increased trade and economic growth. However, it also notes concerns of anti-globalists, including threats to national economies, environmental degradation, and loss of jobs in developed countries. Anti-globalist perspectives come from both developed and developing nations. The document provides an overview of the complex debate around the impacts of globalization.
This document discusses the impacts of globalization across various areas of society. It notes that globalization has affected economies, politics, and cultures around the world. Specifically, it has led to both benefits like economic growth but also issues like rising inequality between rich and poor nations and within nations. It also discusses effects in the areas of technology, trade, culture, the environment and governance. Overall, the document analyzes the wide-ranging impacts of globalization that have both positive and negative consequences.
Globalization is a complex phenomenon with arguments on both sides. Proponents argue that globalization leads to more efficient use of resources and economic growth that benefits all involved. However, critics argue that globalization threatens jobs and wages as companies outsource work overseas, and that it could undermine national sovereignty as corporations gain more power. Overall, there are reasonable perspectives on both sides of this complex issue with reasonable arguments that globalization may have both benefits and drawbacks.
Globalization refers to the increased integration and interdependence of national economies through cross-border movement of goods, capital, services, technologies and people. It has led to greater international trade, cultural exchange and development of global telecommunications infrastructure. While proponents argue it increases economic growth and efficiency, critics argue it can negatively impact national sovereignty, local cultures and lead to greater inequality. The document outlines both the advantages such as increased employment, education and cheaper goods, as well as disadvantages like health issues, environmental degradation and uneven wealth distribution that have resulted from globalization.
The document defines globalization as the increasing economic interdependence between countries through rising trade and financial flows. It involves the integration of economic, political and cultural aspects worldwide. The stages of globalization began in 1490 with nautical developments, continued in 1890 with European industrialization, and reached a third stage in 1990 with the rise of multinational corporations and communication reforms. Globalization is driven by advances in transportation, telecommunications, and other factors that increase interdependence between economic and cultural activities worldwide.
Seminar on the Politics of Globalization and International.pptxEtana2
This document summarizes a seminar on globalization and international development presented by Dr. Gizachew Asrat. It begins by defining key terms related to globalization such as globalization, globalism, and actors in the process. It then discusses the causes and aspects of globalization including economic, political and socio-cultural dimensions. The document also outlines major theories of development including modernization theory, dependency theory, and world systems theory. It provides examples to illustrate concepts such as Rostow's stages of economic growth and the center-periphery model of dependency theory. In closing, the document discusses key concepts in development and compares economic growth and development.
PA 315Government Business RelationsChapter 11W.docxkarlhennesey
This document provides an overview of topics related to globalization and international trade, including:
- Types of globalization such as economic, political, social, and cultural globalization.
- Concepts around free trade such as theories of trade, advantages and disadvantages of free trade, and comparisons to fair trade and protectionism.
- Related topics such as neoliberalism, regional trade agreements, and international finance institutions.
The document discusses these topics through definitions, examples, and discussions of implications to provide context around government business relations in an increasingly globalized world.
PA 315Government Business RelationsChapter 11Wemelyvalg9
PA 315
Government Business
Relations
Chapter 11
What’s left…
• Globalization
• Neoliberalism and Protectionism
• North American trade agreements (examples of regional trade
agreements) –NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement
• Free Trade vs. Fair Trade –
• European Union (regional economy and political integration) –
• IFO: International Finance Institutions –
What is
globalizatio
n?
• When you think of globalization,
do you think of it in positive
terms or negative terms?
Globalization
• Globalization is an umbrella term
• It is the free movement of goods, services, and people across the world in
a seamless and integrated manner
• Things to consider…
• Most regions are self sufficient – locally produced foods, fuels and raw materials
are generally processed for local consumption.
• Even though trade has been around for centuries (silk traders), trade between
regions was limited.
• Today, economies of most countries are interconnected creating a single,
interdependent global economy.
• The term globalization includes change through the spread of ideas, information and
perceptions which lead to cultural and social changes.
Types of Globalization
• Economic – Countries that trade with many others and have few trade barriers
are economically globalized.
• Political – The amount of political co-operation there is between countries.
• Social - A measure of how easily information and ideas pass between people in
their own country and between different countries (includes access to the
internet and social media networks).
• Cultural – transmission of ideas, meanings and values around the world.
Economic Globalization
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages –
Increase in productivity
Economic growth
International peace
Increased standard of living
Access to new markets
Introduction to newer technologies
Disadvantages
Depletion of local resources
Violation of human rights
Widening disparity in income
Lack of fair trade
Examples
Parts of automobiles
being assembled in the
United States while
originating in Japan
Avocados being sold all
year long in the United
States – seasonal at one
time
Asian restaurants in the
United States
Fashion trends in Europe
end up in Brazil
Political
Globalizatio
n
• Political globalization refers to
the growth of the worldwide
political system that includes
national governments, their
governmental and
intergovernmental organizations.
Examples
• The European Union (EU) –
• The European Union is a unified trade and monetary body of 28 member countries. Its purpose is to be more
competitive in the global marketplace. At the same time, it must balance the needs of its independent fiscal and
political members.
• Intergovernmental agencies like the:
• International Monetary Fund (IMF)- is an organization of 189 countries, working to foster global monetary
cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate inte ...
Globalization has connected the world through increased trade, investment, and cultural exchange. While it has reduced poverty and improved living standards for many, its impacts differ across countries. Economic globalization can benefit stronger nations by increasing their access to larger markets and cheaper imports, but it may harm weaker countries by compelling them to remove protections and compete without subsidies. Whether globalization leads to growth and poverty reduction depends on a nation's ability to adapt and control the pace of integration.
The Contemporary World-Lecture for College Students.pdfMaSolitaVirtudazo
This document provides an overview of key concepts and lessons from a university lecture on globalization. It defines globalization as the process of expanding socioeconomic and socioecological processes across national borders on a global scale. It discusses measurements of globalization like the Global Connectedness Index. Major drivers of globalization included reduced trade barriers and technological advances. The document also examines debates around globalization, noting both potential positive impacts like increased trade but also negative impacts like growing inequities and exploitation. Key aspects of globalization discussed include economic, cultural, and political globalization as well as flows of trade, capital, and people between countries.
Globalization is a process of increasing interconnectedness between societies around the world through the international exchange of goods, services, money, ideas and culture. This has led to traditional societies merging to form a more homogeneous global society. While globalization has increased communication of ideas like democracy and human rights, it has also contributed to issues like unequal wealth distribution, global terrorism, and environmental damage. Debates around balancing the advantages and disadvantages of globalization continue.
Essay on Globalization
Globalization
Essay about Globalization and Localization
Globalization
Globalization Essay
Globalization Essay
globalisation
Globalization (Term Paper)
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Paracentesis diagnostic procedure ALT Active Learning Template .docxaman341480
Paracentesis diagnostic procedure ALT: Active Learning Template (ALT) – Designed to guide students in the learning and review of nursing knowledge.
Each section of the templates is labeled and indicates the type of information that should be added.
The templates can be completed by placing text directly into the document.
This is a pre-class assignment, to be completed and submitted prior to class.
Use the Active Learning Template for Diagnostic Procedures Provided in the module.
Complete the template in relation to the diagnostic procedure Paracentesis.
.
Paper to include Name of the Culture,(Italian)Country of Origin.docxaman341480
Paper to include: Name of the Culture,(Italian)
Country of Origin
Language spoken, include any statically
information,
Nutritional staples of their diet and food
preparation process,
Health Issues / Care / Any cultural challenges
Nursing considerations in caring for client
Traditional / History / Customs
Religious / Beliefs / Values
Family Structure
Each student will have
.
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This document is an introductory chapter about global studies, globalization, and global citizenship. It discusses how global studies emerged as a field of academic study to address increasingly global issues. It explores various definitions of globalization and debates around whether it is positive or negative. Finally, it compares the concept of global citizenship to traditional definitions of citizenship, noting global citizens see their local actions as having global consequences and responsibility.
Global education and current trends from social abstract for the paperAmarwaha
The last century intense with a dream and aspirations and major social experiments has ended with general collapse of initiative for social transformation and total disillusionment with efforts of ‘development’ of the so called ‘developing’ nations. The so called victorious ideology-capitalism- has sought to consolidate its triumph with a call for ‘globalization’ for freeing of market, for unchecked hunting by private capital within and across nations with total disregard for the sovereignty rights of nations across the world. Globalization did not develop evenly: indeed, it was accompanied by inequality and conflict. The global development of economic and social relations has been paralleled by wide disparities between North and South.
GLOBAL EDUCATION AND CURRENT TRENDS FROM SOCIAL-abstract for the paperamita marwaha
Globalization is an economic, social, cultural, and environmental process that has led to increasing global integration and interdependence. It has driven major changes through technological innovations, broader political changes, and economic policies over the past decades. However, globalization has also been accompanied by inequality and conflicts between nations. Education can help address some of the controversies around globalization by promoting global awareness, sustainable development, human rights, democracy, and peace. Global education aims to develop attitudes and skills to avoid indifference, consider interdependencies among nations, and encourage responsible action to address global challenges.
Disadvantages Of Economic GlobalizationBeth Johnson
The document discusses some of the economic impacts of globalization, both positive and negative. Positively, globalization has allowed countries to access cheaper goods and services through international trade. It has also created new job opportunities overseas. However, it has also been criticized for making wealthier parts of the world richer while making poorer areas poorer relatively. It has also disrupted some domestic industries. Overall, the document presents both sides of the economic impacts of globalization.
1Annotated bibliographyBryant, R. A. (2000). Acute Stress .docxhyacinthshackley2629
1
Annotated bibliography
Bryant, R. A. (2000). Acute Stress Disorder: A Handbook of Theory, Assessment, and Treatment.
This article highlights the tools of avoiding the development of the PTSD through finding along with treating those with the Acute Stress Disorder. Moving on the clinical along with research experience, they review many problems as well as detail procedures for utilizing cognitive behavior therapy for treating the Acute Stress Disorder (Bryant, 2000).
Thornton, L. L. (2001). Recovery From Schizophrenia.
This article has been the life experience story about Louise Thornton, the mother of 3 kids. 2 of them are diagnosed with the mental illness. Her son has been diagnosed with the schizoaffective disorder are living with symptoms for more than twenty years. Her daughter has the dual diagnosis as well as severe depression (Thornton, 2001).
References
Bryant, R. A. (2000). Acute Stress Disorder: A Handbook of Theory, Assessment, and Treatment.
Thornton, L. L. (2001). Recovery From Schizophrenia.
Running Head: GLOBALIZATION 1
GLOBALIZATION 11
Globalization
Student’s Name
Instructor’s Name
Course Title
Date
Introduction
In past few years globalization has been much discussed issue. In this essay, I would attempt to describe the meaning of word globalization along with I would evaluate the benefits as well as drawbacks of the global world. Globalization has altered the face of world. Apart from that, I would discuss major changes in the trade policies of globalization. And at last, I would evaluate the consequences for migration within the global world.
Globalization
Term ‘A Global Village’ has majorly been related to Marshall McLuhan (Baker, 2011). In its books he terms how world has contracted into single big village. Global Village is called as the effects about globalization, mass media along with information and communication technology. As per this philosopher and sociologist, there would be just major culture left within this world. Capability for somebody for gathering the information quite fast wherever they have been provides impression, which we live in similar virtual place, in similar village.
With increasing standards of world along with the present concepts as well as complexities within the political, economic along with the socio-cultural ideologies, man has often and regularly pondered on aspects about his nature. Unity, equality, trade as well as commerce have been at forefront of complexities of man.
Having those thoughts in mind, man has moved by history thus trying to satisfy its desires in regard to rest of the people. Advent of 21st century has given birth to concept about making world one village, therefore, globalization. World is getting smaller, has been the term utilized quite often for describing the nowadays world along with globalization. Economic growth has grasped majorly all the nations.
Globalization has been the process, which began to appear at finish of 19th cen.
GLOBALIZATION and The Globalization Paradox: Why Global Markets, States, and ...tesfa7
is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide (en.m.Wikipedia.org). The authors of the articles discussed that;
Impacts of Globalization on developing and developed countries
Faire economic distribution and employment opportunities
National government demands to frame their policy aligned with international environmental laws and regulations
This document discusses globalization and its relationship to international relations. It begins by defining globalization and how it interconnects cultures and economies on a global scale. Both advantages and disadvantages of globalization are then examined. Key advantages include increased GDP, reduced unemployment, and greater competition. Key disadvantages include uneven distribution of wealth between developed and developing countries. The document concludes by stating that while globalization faces obstacles, its positive effects will prevail if people and governments make cooperative efforts to address issues like poverty and migration.
Globalization Essay
Introduction Globalization
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An Introduction to Globalization Essay
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Essay on The History of Globalization
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Advantages of Globalization Essay
Essay on Globalization Is Good
This document discusses perspectives on globalization from both pro-globalists and anti-globalists. It outlines some of the perceived benefits of globalization such as increased trade and economic growth. However, it also notes concerns of anti-globalists, including threats to national economies, environmental degradation, and loss of jobs in developed countries. Anti-globalist perspectives come from both developed and developing nations. The document provides an overview of the complex debate around the impacts of globalization.
This document discusses the impacts of globalization across various areas of society. It notes that globalization has affected economies, politics, and cultures around the world. Specifically, it has led to both benefits like economic growth but also issues like rising inequality between rich and poor nations and within nations. It also discusses effects in the areas of technology, trade, culture, the environment and governance. Overall, the document analyzes the wide-ranging impacts of globalization that have both positive and negative consequences.
Globalization is a complex phenomenon with arguments on both sides. Proponents argue that globalization leads to more efficient use of resources and economic growth that benefits all involved. However, critics argue that globalization threatens jobs and wages as companies outsource work overseas, and that it could undermine national sovereignty as corporations gain more power. Overall, there are reasonable perspectives on both sides of this complex issue with reasonable arguments that globalization may have both benefits and drawbacks.
Globalization refers to the increased integration and interdependence of national economies through cross-border movement of goods, capital, services, technologies and people. It has led to greater international trade, cultural exchange and development of global telecommunications infrastructure. While proponents argue it increases economic growth and efficiency, critics argue it can negatively impact national sovereignty, local cultures and lead to greater inequality. The document outlines both the advantages such as increased employment, education and cheaper goods, as well as disadvantages like health issues, environmental degradation and uneven wealth distribution that have resulted from globalization.
The document defines globalization as the increasing economic interdependence between countries through rising trade and financial flows. It involves the integration of economic, political and cultural aspects worldwide. The stages of globalization began in 1490 with nautical developments, continued in 1890 with European industrialization, and reached a third stage in 1990 with the rise of multinational corporations and communication reforms. Globalization is driven by advances in transportation, telecommunications, and other factors that increase interdependence between economic and cultural activities worldwide.
Seminar on the Politics of Globalization and International.pptxEtana2
This document summarizes a seminar on globalization and international development presented by Dr. Gizachew Asrat. It begins by defining key terms related to globalization such as globalization, globalism, and actors in the process. It then discusses the causes and aspects of globalization including economic, political and socio-cultural dimensions. The document also outlines major theories of development including modernization theory, dependency theory, and world systems theory. It provides examples to illustrate concepts such as Rostow's stages of economic growth and the center-periphery model of dependency theory. In closing, the document discusses key concepts in development and compares economic growth and development.
PA 315Government Business RelationsChapter 11W.docxkarlhennesey
This document provides an overview of topics related to globalization and international trade, including:
- Types of globalization such as economic, political, social, and cultural globalization.
- Concepts around free trade such as theories of trade, advantages and disadvantages of free trade, and comparisons to fair trade and protectionism.
- Related topics such as neoliberalism, regional trade agreements, and international finance institutions.
The document discusses these topics through definitions, examples, and discussions of implications to provide context around government business relations in an increasingly globalized world.
PA 315Government Business RelationsChapter 11Wemelyvalg9
PA 315
Government Business
Relations
Chapter 11
What’s left…
• Globalization
• Neoliberalism and Protectionism
• North American trade agreements (examples of regional trade
agreements) –NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement
• Free Trade vs. Fair Trade –
• European Union (regional economy and political integration) –
• IFO: International Finance Institutions –
What is
globalizatio
n?
• When you think of globalization,
do you think of it in positive
terms or negative terms?
Globalization
• Globalization is an umbrella term
• It is the free movement of goods, services, and people across the world in
a seamless and integrated manner
• Things to consider…
• Most regions are self sufficient – locally produced foods, fuels and raw materials
are generally processed for local consumption.
• Even though trade has been around for centuries (silk traders), trade between
regions was limited.
• Today, economies of most countries are interconnected creating a single,
interdependent global economy.
• The term globalization includes change through the spread of ideas, information and
perceptions which lead to cultural and social changes.
Types of Globalization
• Economic – Countries that trade with many others and have few trade barriers
are economically globalized.
• Political – The amount of political co-operation there is between countries.
• Social - A measure of how easily information and ideas pass between people in
their own country and between different countries (includes access to the
internet and social media networks).
• Cultural – transmission of ideas, meanings and values around the world.
Economic Globalization
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages –
Increase in productivity
Economic growth
International peace
Increased standard of living
Access to new markets
Introduction to newer technologies
Disadvantages
Depletion of local resources
Violation of human rights
Widening disparity in income
Lack of fair trade
Examples
Parts of automobiles
being assembled in the
United States while
originating in Japan
Avocados being sold all
year long in the United
States – seasonal at one
time
Asian restaurants in the
United States
Fashion trends in Europe
end up in Brazil
Political
Globalizatio
n
• Political globalization refers to
the growth of the worldwide
political system that includes
national governments, their
governmental and
intergovernmental organizations.
Examples
• The European Union (EU) –
• The European Union is a unified trade and monetary body of 28 member countries. Its purpose is to be more
competitive in the global marketplace. At the same time, it must balance the needs of its independent fiscal and
political members.
• Intergovernmental agencies like the:
• International Monetary Fund (IMF)- is an organization of 189 countries, working to foster global monetary
cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate inte ...
Globalization has connected the world through increased trade, investment, and cultural exchange. While it has reduced poverty and improved living standards for many, its impacts differ across countries. Economic globalization can benefit stronger nations by increasing their access to larger markets and cheaper imports, but it may harm weaker countries by compelling them to remove protections and compete without subsidies. Whether globalization leads to growth and poverty reduction depends on a nation's ability to adapt and control the pace of integration.
The Contemporary World-Lecture for College Students.pdfMaSolitaVirtudazo
This document provides an overview of key concepts and lessons from a university lecture on globalization. It defines globalization as the process of expanding socioeconomic and socioecological processes across national borders on a global scale. It discusses measurements of globalization like the Global Connectedness Index. Major drivers of globalization included reduced trade barriers and technological advances. The document also examines debates around globalization, noting both potential positive impacts like increased trade but also negative impacts like growing inequities and exploitation. Key aspects of globalization discussed include economic, cultural, and political globalization as well as flows of trade, capital, and people between countries.
Globalization is a process of increasing interconnectedness between societies around the world through the international exchange of goods, services, money, ideas and culture. This has led to traditional societies merging to form a more homogeneous global society. While globalization has increased communication of ideas like democracy and human rights, it has also contributed to issues like unequal wealth distribution, global terrorism, and environmental damage. Debates around balancing the advantages and disadvantages of globalization continue.
Essay on Globalization
Globalization
Essay about Globalization and Localization
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Globalization Essay
globalisation
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Paracentesis diagnostic procedure ALT: Active Learning Template (ALT) – Designed to guide students in the learning and review of nursing knowledge.
Each section of the templates is labeled and indicates the type of information that should be added.
The templates can be completed by placing text directly into the document.
This is a pre-class assignment, to be completed and submitted prior to class.
Use the Active Learning Template for Diagnostic Procedures Provided in the module.
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.
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Country of Origin
Language spoken, include any statically
information,
Nutritional staples of their diet and food
preparation process,
Health Issues / Care / Any cultural challenges
Nursing considerations in caring for client
Traditional / History / Customs
Religious / Beliefs / Values
Family Structure
Each student will have
.
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have to be mla and five pages
.
P
A
P
E
R
S
December 2008 � Project Management Journal � DOI: 10.1002/pmj 5
Why Do Projects Fail?
Project failure rates are certainly cause for concern, but consider that more
and more organizations are adopting a project-based model of organization,
called PBO, and it is not surprising to find that addressing failures and learning
from them has become increasingly important (Eden, Ackermann, & Williams,
2005; Gray & Larson, 2006; Hyvari, 2006; Robertson & Williams, 2006; Thiry &
Deguire, 2007).
Failures occur despite the fact that we have significantly improved the
process of planning, executing, and controlling projects. Two contributions
would include the Project Management Institute’s (PMI’s) A Guide to the
Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (2004) and the
literature on critical success factors (CSFs) (Cooke-Davies, 2002; Fortune &
White, 2006; Hyvari, 2006; Pinto & Slevin, 1987; Sutterfield, Friday-Stroud,
& Shivers-Blackwell, 2006).
To help us understand how projects fail, it may be useful to classify the
approaches represented by the PMBOK® Guide, Capability Maturity Model
Integration (CMMI), Earned Value Management (EVM), Critical Chain
Project Management (CCPM), and CSFs as the Rational Expectation view
of project management. They assume that project leaders follow a rational
and consistent approach to project management and strive to achieve spe-
cific organizational goals (Bazerman, 1994; Beach & Connolly, 2005). It is a
view that emphasizes what “should” be done. Argyris (1999) referred to this
as the “espoused” theory of individuals and organizations.
There is, however, another view, and it focuses on the way in which indi-
viduals within an organization actually behave and make decisions.
Borrowing from the work of Simon (1955) and Tversky and Kahneman (1974,
1981), it can be classified as the “behavioral” view of project management. It
emphasizes what individuals and groups “actually” do and how managers
make decisions involving values and risk preferences (Bazerman, 1994).
Argyris (1999) called this the “theory-in-practice.”
This article focuses on the behavioral view of project management and
how an understanding of systematic biases—those common to the human
decision-making process—can prove useful in diagnosing project failure. By
studying these systematic biases, we can learn how decision makers respond
to ambiguity, complexity, and uncertainty, as well as how their own particu-
lar psychological processes influence project decision making (Schwenk,
1984). From this behavioral view we can learn more about why management
approves an overly ambitious scope, why communications between teams is
limited, why a manager might ignore signs that the project is going badly, or
why a manager discourages the participation of a wider constituency in the
project management process.
The article begins with a framework for analyzing project outcomes,
introduces the systematic biases commonly associated with d.
PAPER TOPIC You may choose any biological, chemical or physic.docxaman341480
PAPER TOPIC
: You may choose any biological, chemical or physical agent (physical agent being a source of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation) which presents an environmental hazard, directly or indirectly, to humans. You must describe what the agent is, the nature of the risk (e.g., exposure effects), how it moves through the environment before reaching a target host (e.g., soil, groundwater, food chain, human), and how it moves (and possibly changes) within the body following entry. Include hazard source(s) and recommendations for control measures.
Length: 6 - 8 typed (double spaced) pages, excluding references. References must be from peer-reviewed sources in science literature. The references are to be cited within the body of the paper (numerically sequenced) and listed by its number on a separate reference page (see your text chapters for examples).
TEXTBOOK: Essentials of Environmental Health: 3 rd Edition; by Robert Friis. Publisher: Jones & Bartlett; Year Published: 2018
.
Paper Instructions Paper 1 is your first attempt at an argumen.docxaman341480
This document provides instructions for a history paper assignment. It outlines the requirements for the paper, including length, formatting, sources, citations, and organization. Students must write a paper between 900-1200 words analyzing at least two primary sources about African American political participation and voting in the 1880s in the context of secondary sources. The paper must include an introduction with historical context and thesis, at least two body paragraphs with analysis of evidence from the sources, and a conclusion. Footnotes and a bibliography are required to cite sources in Chicago style.
Paper to include Name of the Culture,(Italian)Country of Or.docxaman341480
Paper to include: Name of the Culture,(Italian)
Country of Origin
Language spoken, include any statically
information,
Nutritional staples of their diet and food
preparation process,
Health Issues / Care / Any cultural challenges
Nursing considerations in caring for client
Traditional / History / Customs
Religious / Beliefs / Values
Family Structure
Each student will have
.
PAPER EXPECTATIONSFollow the instructions.Make your ideas .docxaman341480
The document provides instructions for a paper assignment comparing two hip hop songs from provided lists. It emphasizes concise writing, avoiding repetition, using specific details and examples to support points, and properly citing sources in MLA format. Failure to follow the instructions or plagiarism will result in deductions or a score of zero. Students must choose one song from each list for a minimum 3-page paper that compares and contrasts the two songs.
Paper Title (use style paper title)Note Sub-titles are not.docxaman341480
Paper Title* (use style: paper title)
*Note: Sub-titles are not captured in Xplore and should not be used
line 1: 1st Given Name Surname
line 2: dept. name of organization
(of Affiliation)
line 3: name of organization
(of Affiliation)
line 4: City, Country
line 5: email address
line 1: 4th Given Name Surname
line 2: dept. name of organization(of Affiliation)
line 3: name of organization
(of Affiliation)
line 4: City, Country
line 5: email address
line 1: 2nd Given Name Surname
line 2: dept. name of organization
(of Affiliation)
line 3: name of organization
(of Affiliation)
line 4: City, Country
line 5: email address
line 1: 5th Given Name Surname
line 2: dept. name of organization
(of Affiliation)
line 3: name of organization
(of Affiliation)
line 4: City, Country
line 5: email address
line 1: 3rd Given Name Surname
line 2: dept. name of organization
(of Affiliation)
line 3: name of organization
(of Affiliation)
line 4: City, Country
line 5: email address
line 1: 6th Given Name Surname
line 2: dept. name of organization
(of Affiliation)
line 3: name of organization
(of Affiliation)
line 4: City, Country
line 5: email address
Abstract—This electronic document is a “live” template and already defines the components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] in its style sheet. *CRITICAL: Do Not Use Symbols, Special Characters, Footnotes, or Math in Paper Title or Abstract. (Abstract)
Keywords—component, formatting, style, styling, insert (key words)
I. Introduction (Heading 1)
This template, modified in MS Word 2007 and saved as a “Word 97-2003 Document” for the PC, provides authors with most of the formatting specifications needed for preparing electronic versions of their papers. All standard paper components have been specified for three reasons: (1) ease of use when formatting individual papers, (2) automatic compliance to electronic requirements that facilitate the concurrent or later production of electronic products, and (3) conformity of style throughout a conference proceedings. Margins, column widths, line spacing, and type styles are built-in; examples of the type styles are provided throughout this document and are identified in italic type, within parentheses, following the example. Some components, such as multi-leveled equations, graphics, and tables are not prescribed, although the various table text styles are provided. The formatter will need to create these components, incorporating the applicable criteria that follow.
II. Ease of Use
A. Selecting a Template (Heading 2)
First, confirm that you have the correct template for your paper size. This template has been tailored for output on the A4 paper size. If you are using US letter-sized paper, please close this file and download the Microsoft Word, Letter file.
B. Maintaining the Integrity of the Specifications
The template is used to format your paper and style the text. All margins, column widths, line spaces, and text fonts are prescribed; please do n.
Paper requirementsMust be eight to ten pages in length (exclud.docxaman341480
Paper requirements
Must be eight to ten pages in length (excluding the title page, references page, exhibits, etc.) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Writing Center.
Must include a cover page:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must include an introductory paragraph with a clearly stated thesis or topic.
Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Writing Center.
Must use at least five scholarly sources, in addition to the text.
Must include, on the final page, a Reference List that is completed according to APA style as outlined in the approved style guide.
.
Paper is due March 15th. Needed it by March 14th for reviewT.docxaman341480
Paper is due March 15th. Needed it by March 14th for review
The goal of this assignment is to discuss the S.S.I of A.D.D.R.E.S.S.I.N.G.
S is for your socioeconomic status
S is for your sexual orientation
I is for your indigenous heritage
Instructions: You will write a 2-3 page paper discussing sociologically how the three variables above impact society and other social institutions on a micro/macro level. This paper will ask you to hone into your own personal experiences to see how these identities play a role in your life and your own identities, but also ask you to discuss them thinking about society collectively.
Format: APA
.
Paper deadline[10 pts] Due Saturday 0321 Turn in the followin.docxaman341480
Paper deadline
[10 pts] Due Saturday 03/21 Turn in the following document, submitted by email, keeping the format below, including:
Title
Author’s name
Abstract
Copy your proposal paragraph here. [You will add your main quantitative results to this paragraph in a later assignment]
I. Introduction
First paragraph: motivation and question:
· Present data or references showing why your question is important. 10 sentences.
Second paragraph: literature review (3 references at the very minimum):
· One connecting sentence to start the paragraph + 5 sentences by article +one sentence of conclusion regarding what we learn overall from the literature.
Description of what you are doing: theoretical model used, method, country, period:
· One connecting sentence + 4 sentences.
Quantitative results:[You will add your main quantitative results to this paragraph in a later assignment]
II. Methodology
a. [To be completed in a later assignment]
b. Calibration
i. Data description
Paragraph describing the data set. It must include important details, such as the provenance, the exact name of the data set, the frequency, and period covered.
ii. Parameters and model economy
Paragraph describing the table that you are filling below, which describes the ratios of the economy that you are studying (consumption/GDP, Investment/GDP, government expenditure/GDP, wage income/GDP). (Use program (7) Data treatment)
If you study two countries, make two tables.
Table 1: Actual versus model economy
Country
C/Y
I/Y
G/Y
wN/Y
Actual economy
Reference list
https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-1.html
Appendix
Your Mathematica code:
Data treatment, submitted as a separate file named: Your name_data1.nb
Contemporary
Project Management
Timothy J. Kloppenborg
•
Vittal Anantatmula
•
Kathryn N. Wells
F O U R T H E D I T I O N
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
MS Project 2016 Instructions in Contemporary Project Management 4e
Chapter MS Project
3 MS Project 2016 Introduction
Ribbon, Quick Access Toolbar, view panes, Zoom Slider, Shortcuts, Scheduling Mode Selector
Setting Up Your First Project
Auto schedule, start date, identifying information, summary row
Create Milestone Schedule
Key milestones, zero duration, must finish on, information
7 Set Up a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Understand the WBS definitions and displays
Enter WBS Elements (tasks), Create the outline,
Insert WBS Code Identifier column, Hide or show subtasks detail
8 Using MS Project for Critical Path Schedules
Set Up the Project Schedule
Set or update the project start date, Define organization’s working and nonworking time
Build the Network Diagram and Identify the Critical Path
Enter tasks and milestones, edit the timescale, understand and define task dependencies, assign task
duration estimates, identify the critical path, unde.
Paper C Topic Selection (Individual) and Research of an existin.docxaman341480
Paper C: Topic Selection (Individual) and Research of an existing or emerging technology and its related ethical issues.
For the first part of this assignment, select a topic for individual research.
Select a digital ethical issue for your research that is caused by the existing or emerging technology.
Following is a link to some suggested topical ideas you may want to consider as a candidate for this assignment.
Be sure to keep in mind that
the technology aspects of this assignment are different from those of Paper A (Application of decision making frameworks to IT-related ethical issues) or Paper B, which dealt with aspects of ethical issues and a subsequent organizational policy.
Recommended Source:
https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethics-articles/
The above link will help you to find articles on ethics in many fields and disciplines
,
please remember that
the emphasis on this paper is on
digital technology
and the ethical issue(s) with its use
Topic Title
– Begin with a topic title that describes what you will research.
Explain the reason for your topic selection
briefly in a
paragraph of at least 150 words
. In addition, please determine
three critically important questions
you would like to address regarding your topic, in your individual research paper.
Include a written description (100 words) for each question that includes why that question is critically important.
The objective in developing and posing these questions is
to stage your research and guide your preparation of the final Research Paper
, so that one or more ethical principles are applied and explained as a result of your research. This process helps you
establish a thesis for your research
.
Lastly,
provide at least three proposed reference sources, at least two of which must be from the UMGC library database (or an equivalent academic database)
, which you plan to use to address (i.e., research) the three questions.
These proposed reference sources must have external links. (Note: you are likely to find additional and even better references/sources as you continue your research for this Assignment.)
Remember: the emphasis on this paper is on digital technology and the ethical issue(s) with its use! Remember to follow all APA formatting requirements.
For the second part of this assignment, conduct research using the Web for the answers to the questions that you selected for the first part of this assignment. Please ensure that your research for this assignment addresses the
ethical issues of an existing or emerging technology
!
Prepare a minimum 4- 6 page, double-spaced paper and submit it to the Assignments Module as an attached Microsoft Word file. Indicate appropriate APA compliant reference citations for all sources you use. In addition to critical thinking and analysis skills, your paper should reflect appropriate grammar and spelling, good organization, and proper business-writing style.
Paper C is due at the end of t.
Paper Ba matrix mapping of a key IT-related organizational (o.docxaman341480
Paper B:
a matrix mapping of a key IT-related organizational (or personal) ethical issue concerning privacy and organizational policy designed to correct the ethical issue.
The first step of this assignment is an opportunity to analyze a key IT-related
organizational (or personal, if you are not in the job force) ethical issue, related to privacy,
subject to relevant laws, regulations, and policies
.
Both of the following sites provide sources, and an excellent backdrop for issues relating to privacy protection and the law.
See EPIC Privacy Issues
at:
http://epic.org/privacy/
See List on left
and/or: EFF Privacy at
https://www.eff.org/issues/privacy
[see list below in center on this page].
This includes sub-topics discussing information privacy, privacy laws, applications and court rulings (case law is usually an extension of the basic law based on the facts from specific cases and real-world court decisions), and key privacy and anonymity issues.
While the sites provide many interesting topics, be sure to focus on our class IT topics.
.
Paper CriteriaTopic selection—A current governmental policy re.docxaman341480
Paper Criteria:
*Topic selection—A current governmental policy related to the state of Texas.
*Content—Address the various sides of the current issue with the student drawing personal conclusions based on their analysis of the issue, and demonstrating an understanding of its complexities.
*Present an informed evaluation of the evidence and the different viewpoints surrounding the topic. Compare and contrast the different viewpoints of the sources cited, taking into account position limits. Analyze and question your sources’ assumptions.
*Paper length—Your paper should contain a minimum of 750 words (not counting headings). (No maximum length). The paper should be typewritten, double-spaced, and based on information from a minimum of three sources (no maximum).
*Writing style—With few or no typographical errors, misspelled words, and grammatical errors. Use proper complete sentence and paragraph structure. Improve your writing style by revising the paper as many times as necessary.
*Citations—Anytime you borrow someone’s ideas, paraphrase or quote them, and cite all sources using an appropriate method approved by the Instructor. Construct a bibliography (e.g., a “work cited” or “End Notes” page) using an appropriate method approved by the Instructor.
.
Paper #4 PromptDue Date April 17Rough Draft (Optional) Due A.docxaman341480
Paper #4 Prompt
Due Date April 17
Rough Draft (Optional) Due April 10
This paper requires you to reference and cite BOTH “Reading Lolita in Tehran” by Azar Nafasi and “The Naked Citadel” by Susan Faludi in a well thought-out analysis.
Azar Nafasi describes the life in the Islamic Republic after the revolution and the newfound laws which arose as a result of it. She explains how the totalitarian regime has oppressed women and limited them in their everyday lives and activities driving them to hide their true identities under the required black scarves and dresses. Susan Faludi describes the Citadel as a “living museum”, whose main attempt is to preserve the same ideals and traditions as when the school was first founded and shape the boys that attend the school into men.
Consider the following quote:
“Our world in that living room with its window framing my beloved Elburz Mountains became our sanctuary, our self-contained universe, mocking the reality of black-scarved, timid faces in the city that sprawled below” (Nafasi 419).
Both Nafasi and Faludi are exploring group behavior and identity in their works, but how does the Citadel boys’ and Tehran women’s behavior change depending on who they are around and where they are at the moment? Are their true identities suppressed at any given time and how? What does the word sanctuary mean for both the Citadel and the women in Iran? The Citadel and Nafisi’s living room seem to offer different ideas of the word sanctuary. How does Faludi understand the way the Citadel presents itself as a ‘sanctuary’ from a libertine and effeminized world? Similarly, how do the weekly meetings in the author’s living room serve as a sanctuary for the women in the literature group and why do they find the need to expose their true selves and all their colors in this sacred space? Could the Citadel be considered functioning as a totalitarian regime? If so, how are the Citadel’s “laws” similar to the laws of the Islamic Republic after the revolution regarding their behavior towards women?
You can also consider more broadly how space- open space, isolated space, can be a tool of both oppression as well as resistance.
Provide a well thought-out analysis of BOTH texts and include quotes to support your argument. Consider whether the two authors would agree with each others’ writing and main idea, if not, what would they disagree on?
Rough Draft MUST BE4 full pages in length
Final Draft MUST BE 5 full pages in length
Font MUST BETimes New Roman, Double Spaced
7
Kat
The Illusions of Individual Identity and Choice
Individuals, especially in America, have become increasingly more adept at convincing themselves they are special. Americans are now told from birth that they are special, that they have something unique to offer the world, that they should “be themselves because everybody else is already taken.” This trope, however, assumes that as individuals, our identities are entirely separate from those of the humans.
Page 1 of 2 Summer 2020 AFR 110N Sec. 101, Dr. Gove.docxaman341480
Page 1 of 2
Summer 2020
AFR 110N Sec. 101, Dr. Govere
Country Project Step 1: Colonial History and Current Political Context
Country Project Step 1 Rubric
Main Tasks Components of the Tasks Total
points
1. Basic
information
about your
country of study
What is the name of the country you are researching? What
was its name prior to colonial rule? (I point)
What is the capital city of the country being researched?
Did the capital city change its name after colonial rule? (I
point)
What is the geographical location (latitude and longitude,
and topography (e.g., tropical, desert, savanna, mountainous
or a combination)? (I point)
3
2. Colonial
history of your
country of study
Which European colonial power ruled this territory and
when? (I point)
What was the nature and type of colonial rule in the country
you are researching? (I point)
How did colonial occupation impact the following?
o local political structures;(3 points)
o social and cultural institutions (e.g., land ownership,
marriage, inheritance, gender relations, etc.); (3
points)
o traditional religions and/or spiritual practices; (3
points)
o the economy (3 points)
What were the two major events during colonial occupation
that catalyzed the process of independence? (3 points)
When (the date) did the country gain independence? Who
became the leader of the country at independence? How is
independence celebrated in contemporary society? (3
points)
20
Page 2 of 2
3. Current
political context
What type of political system was introduced immediately
after independence, and what changes were made in the
TWO decades AFTER independence? (3 points)
Explain how the politics of the country have changed over
the last twenty years. (3 points)
Who is the present leader of your assigned country? (1
point)
What is the current political system in place? Name the
main political parties. (3 points)
When were the last elections held, and what was the
outcome, that is, which political party gained power and
which political party ceded power (if relevant)? (2 points)
How did the contending parties, the populace, the media,
and election observers react to the election results? (2
points)
When is the next election scheduled to be held? (I point)
Assess the state of the political system and the role of the
media in the country you are researching. (3 points)
What is the current relationship between the U.S. and your
assigned country? (2 points)
20
4. Conclusion
Using all the data you have collected and the analyses you
have conducted pertaining to the above questions, write a
conclusion addressing how the current political context in
your country of study has not only been influenced by
colonial rule but also by African regional political
developments and the international political context. (3
points)
3
5. Other
requirements
Referencing: Evidential Proof .
Page 1 of 4 NIZWA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY BUSINESS .docxaman341480
Page 1 of 4
NIZWA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BUSINESS STUDIES DEPARTMENT
SEMESTER -2 / ACADEMIC YEAR
2019-2020
FINAL EXAM (ASSIGNMENT)
COURSE CODE BAHR3106
COURSE NAME Training and Development
LEVEL Advance Diploma
TUTOR(S) Sangeetha TR
SECTION(S) 2
DURATION:
DATE TIME
START 21 May 2020 9:00AM
END 23 May 2020 8:00AM
MARKS BREAK UP:
No. of Questions Marks for Each Question
1 25
2 15
3 10
TOTAL MARKS 50
INSTRUCTIONS:
1) The Final Assignment will be available in Moodle at 9:00 am on the date of
examination.
2) This is an open resource examination; there are (04) pages. Students are allowed to
refer any digital materials (Internet, Proquest, Masader, and OER) with proper
referencing and citation for each answers.
3) Students has to answer the questions typewritten in the word (.docx) format.
Figures / Diagrams, equations and solving of problems can be written by hand and
added to the document as a picture/image.
4) Save the assignment file using the student ID & Course code.[ Eg : 22s1234 –
EECPxxxx]
5) Students should submit the answers through the turnitin link provided in moodle
page. If any problem occurs, send it to the staff email [[email protected]]
6) Students are encouraged to upload the answers in the moodle at least two hours
before the deadline to avoid any technical issues.
7) In case of any technical problem in opening or submitting your assignment please
contact your course tutor through email and copy the Department Head
Page 2 of 4
8) Any form of cheating is punishable. Students involved in cheating will be treated
according to the Plagiarism and Academic Integrity Policies.
9) Students are advised to write the answers in their own words. Based on the
plagiarism policy and the department approved similarity level, the marks will be
deducted for the plagiarized [Copied] answers.
10) Students should complete their assignment within the given time. Assignments
submitted after the deadline will be marked 0.
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY & PLAGIARISM POLICY:
The student should be ready to prove the authenticity of the work done. If any form of
plagiarism/reproduction of answers are discovered, student will be awarded zero marks.
DECLARATION:
I declare that the Final Exam (assignment) submitted is original and acknowledge that I am
aware of the NCT’s Integrity and Plagiarism Policies (January 2011) mentioned in moodle, and
the disciplinary guidelines and procedures applicable to breaches of such policy and
regulations.
I AGREE TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS:
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Page 3 of 4
Question No 1 (25 Marks)
Honest Bank, is one among the popular financial institutions in Oman. Honest Bank’s operating
strategy distinguishes it from other financial and banking companies. Thi.
Page | 2
(
BSBMGT516
Facilitate continuous improvement
Learner Guide
)
BSBMGT516
Facilitate continuous improvementTable of Contents
Table of Contents3
Unit of Competency6
Performance Criteria7
Foundation Skills8
Assessment Requirements9
Housekeeping Items10
Objectives10
1. Lead continuous improvement systems and processes11
1.1 – Develop strategies to ensure that team members are actively encouraged and supported to participate in decision-making processes, assume responsibility and exercise initiative as appropriate12
Clarification of roles and expectations13
Communication devices and processes – such as intranet and email communication systems – to facilitate input into workplace decisions14
Long-term or short-term plans factoring in opportunities for team input14
What information could you provide your team with?14
Mentoring and 'buddy' systems to support team members to participate in decision making15
Training and development activities16
Performance plans17
Reward/recognition programs for high performing staff18
Why teams don’t work in the decision-making process?19
Decision-making processes in detail19
Activity 1.121
1.2 – Establish systems to ensure that the organisation’s continuous improvement processes are communicated to stakeholders22
The stakeholders23
The continuous improvement process23
Systems24
Policies and procedures24
Scenario 124
Forums24
Scenario 225
Scenario 325
25
Scenario 425
Scenario 525
Scenario 626
Scenario 726
1.3 – Ensure that change and improvement processes meet sustainability requirements27
Addressing environmental resource sustainability initiatives27
Apply the waste management hierarchy in the workplace28
Regulations and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)29
Waste management29
Ecological footprint31
Government initiatives31
Productivity stewardship32
Green Office Program35
Green purchasing36
Sustainability reporting36
Supporting sustainable supply chain36
1.4 – Develop effective mentoring and coaching processes to ensure that individuals and teams are able to implement and support the organisation's continuous improvement processes37
Effective mentoring37
Types of mentoring37
Skills for mentors38
Mentoring model39
Effective coaching39
Skills for coaches41
Activities 1.2 and 1.343
1.5 – Ensure that insights and experiences from business activities are captured and accessible through knowledge management systems44
Activities 1.4 and 1.550
2. Monitor and adjust performance strategies51
2.1 – Develop strategies to ensure that systems and processes are used to monitor operational progress and to identify ways in which planning and operations could be improved52
2.2 – Adjust and communicate strategies to stakeholders according to organisational procedures55
Problem-solving chart57
Problem solving flow chart57
Activities 2.1 and 2.260
3. Manage opportunities for further improvement61
3.1 – Establish processes to ensure that team members are informed of outcomes of continuous improvement eff.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
PA 315Government Business RelationsChapter 111.docx
1. PA 315
Government Business Relations
Chapter 11
1
Up till now, we have completed the first portion of class, which
we focused on economic development policies and practices in
domestic context. We examined the tensions between
government business relations in the following dimensions:
market vs. government (how much role should government play
in economic development)
public interest vs. private interest (how to balance the pubic
and private interests in economic development)
Starting from today, we are going to the second half of the
class, focusing on economic development policies in the
international context. The tensions between government and
business relations are examined in the following perspectives:
neoliberalism vs. protectionism (how extensive should
government policies be promoting free trade and protecting
domestic industries)
national interest vs. global responsibility (as a player in the
global arena, how to balance the national interest and its global
responsibility)
2. What’s left…
Globalization
Neoliberalism and Protectionism
North American trade agreements (examples of regional trade
agreements) –NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement
Free Trade vs. Fair Trade –
European Union (regional economy and political integration) –
IFO: International Finance Institutions –
In the second half of the class, we will shift to analyze the
international trading regimes and government’s role in
managing them. Here are the topics as listed in your syllabus.
NAFTA – Mexico, Canada, and United States
CAFTA – Expansion of NAFTA – includes Central American
countries of
1. Costa Rica
2. El Salvador
3. Guatemala
4. Honduras
5. Nicaragua
In 2004, Dominican Republic was added and the agreement was
renamed CAFTA –DR
The free trade area of the Americas is an expansion to the
NAFTA. Representatives from all countries in North, South,
and Latin America, as well as the Caribbean are involved. The
only country not represented is CUBA.
3. 2
What is globalization?
When you think of globalization, do you think of it in positive
terms or negative terms?
Globalization
Globalization is an umbrella term
It is the free movement of goods, services, and people across
the world in a seamless and integrated manner
Things to consider…
Most regions are self sufficient – locally produced foods, fuels
and raw materials are generally processed for local
consumption.
Even though trade has been around for centuries (silk traders),
trade between regions was limited.
Today, economies of most countries are interconnected creating
a single, interdependent global economy.
The term globalization includes change through the spread of
ideas, information and perceptions which lead to cultural and
social changes.
4
The world is entered into an era of globalism or globalization,
which is an umbrella term for a complex series of economic,
social, technological, cultural and political changes. It is seen
as increasing interdependence, integration, and interaction
between people and firms in different locations.
The driving forces for globalism include the dominance of the
4. neoliberalism philosophy. Ideologically, more nations have
become in agreement in economic terms. The second reason is
the technology advancement, especially the Internet and the
WWW, which reduced the role of place. The third force is the
greater global awareness. e.g. NASA astronauts brought back
environmental movement.
Derogatory: tending to lessen the merit or reputation of a person
or thing; disparaging; depreciatory: a derogatory remark.
Types of Globalization
Economic – Countries that trade with many others and have few
trade barriers are economically globalized.
Political – The amount of political co-operation there is
between countries.
Social - A measure of how easily information and ideas pass
between people in their own country and between different
countries (includes access to the internet and social media
networks).
Cultural – transmission of ideas, meanings and values around
the world.
Economic Globalization
Advantages and Disadvantages
5. Advantages –
Increase in productivity
Economic growth
International peace
Increased standard of living
Access to new markets
Introduction to newer technologies
Disadvantages
Depletion of local resources
Violation of human rights
Widening disparity in income
Lack of fair trade
6. Examples
Parts of automobiles being assembled in the United States while
originating in Japan
Avocados being sold all year long in the United States –
seasonal at one time
Asian restaurants in the United States
Fashion trends in Europe end up in Brazil
Political Globalization
Political globalization refers to the growth of the worldwide
political system that includes national governments, their
governmental and intergovernmental organizations.
Examples
The European Union (EU) –
The European Union is a unified trade and monetary body of 28
member countries. Its purpose is to be more competitive in the
7. global marketplace. At the same time, it must balance the needs
of its independent fiscal and political members.
Intergovernmental agencies like the:
International Monetary Fund (IMF)- is an organization of 189
countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation,
secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote
high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce
poverty around the world
World Trade Organization (WTO)- deals with rules of trade
between nations. Goal is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly,
predictably and freely as possible.
United Nations (UN)- established to confront issues such as
peace, security, climate change, sustainable development,
human rights, terrorism, humanitarian and health emergencies,
gender equality, food production, etc.
World Health Organization (WHO)- primary goal is to direct
and coordinate international health
Pros of Political Globalization
Access to international aid and support
World peace
Smaller countries can work together and gain more influence
internationally
International organizations are often committed to spread values
8. like freedom and to fight abuses within countries
Governments can learn from one another
Cons of Political Globalization
State dominance is reduced
The functioning of international organizations is not always
democratic in nature
Larger countries can dominate decisions within organizations
Smaller countries are not as represented
Social Globalization
Pertains to human interaction within countries
Defined as the intensification of worldwide social relations
9. Links distant localities in a way that local happenings are
shaped by events occurring many miles away
The use of communication technologies, and the Internet in
particular, has been widely credited as contributor to the
mobilization of protests
Social Networking
Facebook – has more than 900 million active users allowing for
a real world social connection
Communication can be delivered in the form of text, audio, or
video
Global exchange of views, opinions, and ideas
Encompasses topics –
Family –
Religion –
Education –
Family – transfer of family values and concepts of people of
different societies around the world
Role of women in society
10. Perception of a perfect life can have a negative affect
Religion – ideas and beliefs of different religions are portrayed
to people around the world
Allows for greater religious tolerance and understanding
Can also portray negative images of religion
Education – ideas, values and knowledge, changing the roles of
students and teachers
Increase access to the world
Introduction of technology changing the nature of delivering
education
Western ideas are creeping into societies that want to appear
more modern
Cultural Globalization
Refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings and values around
the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social
relations.
Comes through internet, popular culture media, and
11. international travel.
Examples
Food
Fashion
Festivals
Westernized consumer culture – McDonalds and Coca Cola are
examples of dominance of American products in foreign
countries
Positive Influences
Acceptance of other cultures
Communication
People of different cultures
People of one culture can adopt other cultures
Cooking, music, and fashion
12. Negative Influences
Local cultures are ignored as people want to become more
westernized
Song
Dance
Food
Exploitation of workers and markets
Influence of societal values
Cultures are diminished
Neoliberalism
Globalization has been accelerated by the adoption of free
market principles
Neoliberalism – advocates for transferring control of the
economy from the public to the private sector
Belief that it will lead to improved economic health
Create a more efficient government
Society should be shaped by the free market
Smaller government and more robust role for the market
Basically, what works in the private sector will work also in the
public sector.
The term “globalism” is often used as a substitute for
neolibralism, which is an abbreviation of “neoclassical
liberalism.” It is sometimes described as an effort to revert to
the economic policies of the 18th and 19th centuries classical
liberalism, as articulated by the works of Adam Smith and
13. David Richardo.
The movement emerged during the 1970s and has been lasted
through at least the late-1990s, and possibly into the present (its
continuity is a matter of dispute). In current economic crisis, we
have observed many of the reverse neoliberalism signals
already. The world is definitely at a turning point now.
20
Neoliberalism
Policies Advanced by Neoliberalism (John Williamson's
"Washington Consensus“) :
Free trade: removal of trade barriers, like tariffs, subsidies, and
regulatory trade barriers
Privatization: transfer of previously-public-owned enterprises,
goods, and services to the private sector
Fiscal restraint: governments would cut expenditures and/or
raise taxes to maintain a budget surplus
Competitive exchange rates: governments would accept market-
determined exchange rates, as opposed to implemented
government-fixed exchange rates
Undistorted market prices: governments would refrain from
policies that would alter market prices
Limited intervention: (exception for promoting exports,
education or infrastructural development)
Source: Wikipedia
Generally speaking, neoliberalim is market-driven. Policies
advanced by neoliberalism is often called the Washington
Consensus. One major policy of Washington Consensus is free
trade.
21
14. Neoliberalism policy implications…
enticement of foreign investment;
reduction of inflation;
reduction of public spending;
privatization of public services;
deregulation of industry and finance;
reduction and flattening of taxes;
restriction of union organization; and, finally,
enforcement of property and land ownership.
Politicians don’t necessarily have to profess faith in all of these
norms to be considered neoliberal. Rather, they have to buy into
neoliberalism’s general market-based logic and its attendant
promise of opportunity..
22
Free Trade
23
The major policy pushed by neolibralism is free trade, the
removal of trade barriers, like tariffs, subsidies, and regulatory
trade barriers
Free Trade
Pro-Free Trade Arguments
15. A wider variety of goods to choose (choice)
Specialization in production of goods and services with
advantages (efficiency)
Maximize consumer welfare (welfare)
In this class, we are going to discuss the arguments for and
against free trade which is a major neoliberalism policy.
The pro-free trade arguments include:
It maximizes the interest of consumers throughout the world by
giving them a wider variety of goods from which to choose.
Differences in the efficiency of land, labor, and capital make it
profitable for nations to specialize in the production of goods
and services in which their resource situation is the most
advantageous, and exchange them for the goods and services of
other nations with different resource advantages.
If there were no restraints placed on the movement of goods and
services from one region to another, or from one nation to
another, then in theory the welfare of consumers would be
maximized.
24
Theories of Trade
David Ricardo
Absolute advantage
When a nation can produce a good or service more efficiently
than another nation, the latter should buy from the former
Comparative advantage
If a nation has an advantage over another nation in production
of several goods, it should produce the good in which it has the
greatest comparative advantage and buy the good in which it has
16. the least advantage from the other nation.
David Ricardo (18 April 1772-11 September 1823) was a
political economist, often credited with systematizing
economics, and was one of the most influential of the classical
economists, along with Thomas Malthus and Adam Smith.
He was also a member of Parliament, businessman, financier
and speculator, who amassed a considerable personal fortune.
Perhaps the most important of his contributions was the theory
of comparative advantage, an fundamental argument in favor of
free trade among countries and of specialization among
individuals.
Ricardo argued that there is mutual benefit from trade (or
exchange) even if one party (e.g. resource-rich country, highly-
skilled artisan) is more productive in every possible area than
its trading counterpart (e.g. resource-poor country, unskilled
laborer), as long as each concentrates on the activities where it
has relative productivity advantage.
25
Absolute Advantage, Comparative Advantage, and Opportunity
Cost
Absolute Advantage = produced at lowest cost
Comparative Advantage = produced at lowest opportunity cost
Opportunity Cost = a benefit that a person could have received,
but gave up, to take another course of action
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpfV0Oerfr8
17. 26
Advantages of Free Trade
1. Increased economic growth
2. More dynamic business climate
3. Lower government spending
4. Foreign direct investment
5. Expertise
6. Technology transfer.
27
1. Increased economic growth.
2. More dynamic business climate. Often, businesses were
protected before the agreement. These local industries risked
becoming stagnant and non-competitive on the global market.
With the protection removed, they have the motivation to
become true global competitors.
3. Lower government spending. Many governments subsidize
local industry segments. After the trade agreement removes
subsidies, those funds can be put to better use.
4. Foreign direct investment. Investors will flock to the country.
This adds capital to expand local industries and boost domestic
businesses. It also brings in U.S. dollars to many formerly
isolated countries.
5. Expertise. Global companies have more expertise than
domestic companies to develop local resources. That's
especially true in mining, oil drilling and manufacturing.
6. Technology transfer. Local companies also receive access to
the latest technologies from their multinational partners. As
local economies grow, so do job opportunities. Multi-national
18. companies provide job training to local employees.
As the market potentially served expands from a national to
world market, there are
Gains with declining per-unit production costs (greater
efficiency)
Gains result from the reduction in the declining monopoly
power of domestic firms (less market distortion) -
Consumers gain with increased product variety and lower costs
(consumer focus)
Tax subsidies – an industry that the government wants to
support – through loans, grants, procurement policies that pay
more than the free market pricing and even stock purchases.
Farms – receive subsidies to guarentee our food supply remains
stable and able to meet the needs of our country. Farmers of
grains, corn, wheat, and rice.
Another is the Housing subsidies – comes in tow forms –
interest rate subsidies and down payment assistance. One of the
biggest interest rate subsidies is the mortgage interest deduction
on the federal income tax. Low income families have certain
tax exemptions. Down payment programs such as first time
buyers if you qualify.
FANNIE MAE AND FREDDIE MAC – was the bailout
Cash for Clunkers program was a subsidy to auto dealers – they
19. received a 3500 to 4500 subsidy from the federal government to
encourage dealers to discount new vehicle purchases.
Obamacare subsidies -
Disadvantages of Free Trade
1. Increased job outsourcing. Reducing tariffs on imports allows
companies to expand to other countries. Without tariffs, imports
from countries with a low cost of living cost less. It makes it
difficult for U.S. companies in those same industries to
compete, so they may reduce their workforce.
2. Theft of intellectual property. Many developing countries
don't have laws to protect patents, inventions and new
processes. The laws they do have aren't always strictly
enforced. As a result, corporations often have their ideas stolen.
They must then compete with lower-priced domestic knock-offs.
3. Crowd out domestic industries. Many emerging markets are
traditional economies that rely on farming for most
employment. These small family farms can't compete with
subsidized agri-businesses in the developed countries. As a
result, they lose their farms and must look for work in the
cities.
4. Poor working conditions. Multi-national companies may
outsource jobs to emerging market countries without adequate
labor protections. As a result, women and children are often
subjected to grueling factory jobs in sub-standard conditions.
5. Degradation of natural resources. Emerging market countries
often don’t have many environmental protections. Free trade
leads to depletion of timber, minerals and other natural
resources. Deforestation and strip-mining reduce their jungles
and fields to wastelands.
6. Destruction of native cultures. As development moves into
20. isolated areas, indigenous cultures can be destroyed. Local
peoples are uprooted. Many suffer disease and death when their
resources are polluted.
7. Reduced tax revenue. Many smaller countries struggle to
replace revenue lost from import tariffs and fees.
28
1. Increased job outsourcing
2. Theft of intellectual property
3. Crowd out domestic industries
4. Poor working conditions
5. Degradation of natural resources
6. Destruction of native cultures
7. Reduced tax revenue
Free Trade vs. Fair Trade
Free Trade vs. Fair Trade
21. Main Goal
Focuses on
Major Actions
Cre
30
Free Trade or Protectionism
Autarky is the quality of being self-sufficient. Usually the term
is applied to political states or their economic systems.
Autarky exists whenever an entity can survive or continue its
activities without external assistance or international trade.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ITyd1Pzek0
Autarky is the quality of being self-sufficient. Usually the term
is applied to political states or
their economic systems. Autarky exists whenever an entity can
survive or continue its activities without external assistance or
international trade.
Marion Anne Perrine "Marine" Le Pen is a French politician and
lawyer, and president of the National Front. She went against
Emmanuel Macron – President of France – May of 2017
31
22. Protectionism
32
If free trade is as described, would there be anybody against
free trade? What could be their arguments?
Protectionism
Protectionism refers to economic policies that restrain trade
between nations, through methods such as
tariffs on imported goods,
restrictive quotas,
a variety of restrictive government regulations designed to
discourage imports,
anti-dumping laws in an attempt to protect domestic industries
in a particular nation from foreign take-over or competition.
Source: Wikipedia
Let’s now look at those arguments against free trade from the
protectionism camp. Protectionism refers to economic policies
that restrain trade between nations, through methods such as
tariffs on imported goods, restrictive quotas, a variety of
restrictive government regulations designed to discourage
imports, and anti-dumping laws in an attempt to protect
domestic industries in a particular nation from foreign take-over
or competition.
33
Forms of protectionism
Subsidies:
23. Tax credits, direct subsidies (loans)
Infrastructure subsidies or free resources such as water or use of
public lands at little cost
Exchange controls:
currency values can be controlled and that affects the trading
relationship.
Currencies with low valuation can encourage low imports and
high exports by keeping value of money low against other
currencies.
e.g., China today
Dumping: selling a product in another country at a cost lower
than its production cost
*These three forms “unfairly” promote domestic goods in
foreign markets.
34
The second group refers to those “unfairly promote domestic
goods in foreign markets.”
Subsidies: tax credits, direct subsidies (loans), infrastructure
subsidies or free resources such as water or use of public lands
at little cost
Exchange controls: currency values can be controlled and that
affects the trading relationship. Currencies with low valuation
can encourage low imports and high exports by keeping value of
money low against other currencies. i.e. China today
Dumping: selling a product in another country at a cost lower
than its production cost often made up by government subsidy.
i.e. one Hyundai model that cost $3700 to produce was sold for
$5000 in Korea and $2200 overseas. The car was overpriced in
Korea and underpriced in South East Asia and Latin America.
The intent was to establish a market for the car in these areas by
selling below cost, with the Korean government covering the
loss.
24. Title
(Be sure you select a Design for your Power Point – do not
submit a black and white PPT, and remove all the red
instructions. Change the title of your presentation, but leave the
page titles. Customize this page to be Yours. Then remove these
red directions.)
YOU MUST NARRATE THE PRESENTATION TO GET ALL
THE POINTS.
A great research website is:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/cs.html Use the drop down box on the top right to
select your country
Your name
Class
date
Country:
Business: Bakery
Identify one country and give 2 reasons that it is feasible to
enter the new market. YOU MUST CONNECT YOUR IDEAS
TO THE BUSINESS IN ALL OF YOUR RESEARCH.
CONNECT THE BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES AND
THREATS TO THE FACTS THAT YOU FIND OUT.
OTHERWISE THE RESEARCH HAS NO PURPOSE. DO THIS
FOR EVERY FACTOR YOU RESEARCH.
Culture
25. Identifies several cultural factors that may affect market
expansion into the country, explaining why these are
opportunities or threats specifically for a bakery business.
https://www.commisceo-global.com/resources/country-guides
For Example: YOU MUST USE FACTS YOU RESEARCHED
AND THEN APPLY THEM WITH YOUR IMAGINATION TO
YOUR BUSINESS. Example below:
Sociocultural: The population is very family oriented and the
most popular sport is soccer.
Opportunity 1: Set up soccer clinics for families
Opportunity 2: Expand soccer product line to include child size
clothing and products
Threat 1: Schools that already offer soccer clinics are
competitors
Threat 2: School teams might already offer child size clothing
Demographic Factors
https://www.census.gov/data-
tools/demo/idb/informationGateway.php
Identify at least four (4) demographic factors in the selected
country for expansion.
Explain why these demographic factors will be possible threats
or opportunities to entering the market – specific to a bakery
business.
26. Economic Factors
https://countryeconomy.com/countries/compare/uk/usa
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/cs.html
Identify GDP per capita, GDP growth rate, and the
unemployment rate in the country being pursued for market
expansion.
Explain why these economic factors are opportunities or threats
to entering this market specifically for a bakery business.
Political/Legal Forces
https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/rankings
Identify the following political/legal factor rankings in the
country where expansion of the business is being pursued: Ease
of doing business; Starting a business; and Registering property
as well as the Political and Regulatory Environment ranking.
Explain why these political/legal considerations represent
opportunities or threats to entering this market specifically for a
bakery business.
28. Summary
Based on the analysis, provides an explanation of whether to
pursue the expansion of the bakery business into the chosen
country. Explains why or why not.
Summary (continued)
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of one (1) of the
following means of expansion for the bakery business regardless
of the decision to enter the market: exporting, licensing,
franchising, or creating a joint venture.
References
Lamb, C. W., Hair, J. F., & McDaniel, C. (2017). MKTG, 11e.