The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are both endocrine glands that secrete important hormones. The pituitary gland, also called the hypophysis, is a pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. It secretes several hormones including growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and hormones that regulate the functioning of other endocrine glands. The thyroid gland is butterfly-shaped and located in the neck. It secretes the hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine which regulate metabolism, growth, and body temperature. The thyroid also secretes calcitonin which regulates blood calcium and phosphate levels. Both glands play vital roles in growth, development, and metabolic regulation through their secreted hormones.

1. Good
morning

2. INTRODUCTION
 A gland is an organ in humans & animal's body that synthesizes
a substance such as enzymes/hormones for release them into
the bloodstream or into cavities inside the body or its outer
surface.
Types of glands…
 Exocrine gland ( Duct gland)
 Endocrine gland ( Ductless gland)

3. Differences
Exocrine
gland
Endocrine gland
Have ducts Dutless
They secretes
enzymes
They secretes hormones.
Hormones convey
information via the
bloodstream to target
cells.
Eg. Salivary
gland,sweat
gland
Pituitary gland,thyroid
gland

4. Pituitary Gland
 The major endocrine gland, pea-sized body attached to the
base of the brain that is important in controlling growth and
development and the functioning of the other endocrine
glands.
 Shape & Size- Pea shaped, 1cm diameter & about the
size of a pea with the weight of 0.5 grams.
 Location – at the base of the brain in the cranial cavity
and it is connected with the hypothalamus in the brain. It
consist of two lobes anterior and posterior.

5. Cont…..

6. HORMONES
 HORMONES SECRETED BY PITUITARY GLAND
The Anterior Lobe
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Growth Hormone (GH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)
The Posterior Lobe
Antidiuretic Hormone
Oxytocin

8. Reproductive
organs
Mammary gland

10. Thyroid Gland
Isthmus

11.  Shape & Colour - Butterfly-shaped with weight
of 30-60 grams and Brownish-red in colour.
Location - On the front of the neck, below the
prominence of thyroid cartilage sometimes called
the Adam's apple a long the front of the windpipe.
The thyroid has two lobes, connected by a bridge
(Isthmus) in the middle.
The thyroid secretes several hormones, collectively
called thyroid hormones. The main hormone is
thyroxine, also called T4.

12. HORMONES
The Folliclular cells
 Thyroxine (T4)
Triidothyronine (T3)
Function - These hormones helps in regulating the
metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fats.
 Growth and development and during infancy and
childhood, adequate thyroid hormone is crucial for brain
development.
 Regulate body temperature.
The Extrafolliclular cells
Calcitonin
Function - This hormones helps in regulating the blood
calcium and phosphate level.

13. STIMULUS:
Rising blood
Ca2+ level
Thyroid gland
releases
calcitonin.
Calcitonin
Stimulates
Ca2+ deposition
in bones
Reduces
Ca2+ uptake
in kidneys
Blood Ca2+
level declines
to set point
Homoeostasis:
Blood Ca2+ level
(about 10 mg/100 mL)
STIMULUS:
Falling blood
Ca2+ level
Blood Ca2+
level rises
to set point
Stimulates
Ca2+ release
from bones
PTH
Parathyroid
gland
Stimulates Ca2+
uptake in kidneys
Active
vitamin D
Increases
Ca2+ uptake
in intestines

14. Thank you have a nice day