The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones internally to regulate bodily functions. It includes central glands like the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and pineal gland that control peripheral glands such as the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, gonads, pancreas, and thymus. The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland which controls other glands. Key hormones include growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid hormone, and those that regulate calcium levels, stress response, and sexual development.

1. Dr. Shahbaz Ahmad PT
DPT [UIPT][UOL]
MS-MSK-PT [UIPT][UOL]
ENDOCRIN
E SYSTEM.

2. ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
 it is a system of INTERNAL SECRETING
GLANDS.
 Their secretions are called HORMONES.
 Hormones are biologically active substances,
responsible for function of different organs

3. 1). CENTRAL
GLANDS
:
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary G
- Pineal gland

4. 2) PERIPHERAL
GLANDS:
-
Thyroid
-Parathyroid
-Adrenal
-Gonads
-Pancreas
-Thymus.

5. HYPOTHALAMU
S
 Located in the brain just below the thalamus
 Functions as part of both the nervous system
and the endocrine system

6. Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Gland
Pineal
gland

9. PITUITARY
GLAND
 Located in the brain at the end of the stalk from
the hypothalamus.

13. Anterior Pituitary Gland
 Growth Hormone (GH)- affects growth of skeletal
muscles and bones
 Prolactin (PRL)- stimulates milk production after
pregnancy
 Gonadotropic- regulates hormone activity of sex organs
 Also effects adrenal cortex and thyroid hormone
release

14. POSTERIOR
PITUTARY
• The posterior pituitary gland secretes two hormones
that are produced in the hypothalamus.
 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin

15. THYROID
GLAND
 An irregularly shaped gland that has two lobes connected
by a thin bridge in between (the isthmus)
 Located in the neck on either side of the trachea and
across its anterior surface

17. Thyroid Gland
 Thyroid hormone
 Controls the rate at which glucose is
“burned”
 Calcitonin
 Decreases calcium levels in blood
deposition on bone

18. PARATHYROID
GLANDS
 Four tiny glands
 Located on the posterior surface of the
thyroid gland, two on each lobe

19. PANCREA
S
 Located posterior to thestomach
 In C – likeduodenum

21. ADRENAL
GLANDS
 Paired, triangular glands over the superior end of each
kidney.
 Each gland has an outer layer (cortex) and an inner layer
(medulla).
 Each layer functions independently of the other and
secretes its own hormones.

22. ADRENAL
GLANDS
 Adrenal Cortex
 Releases hormones that
regulate mineral content in
blood
 Adrenal Medulla
 Produces epinephrine and
norepinephrine
 Helps with stressful situations

24. OVARIE
S
 Small, egg-shaped glands located in the pelvic cavity
 Function as part of both the female reproductive
system and the endocrine system

25. TEST
ES
 Male genital glands, located outside the body in
the scrotum

26. THE
E
ND!
thank you for
attention.