Glaciation Lesson 4
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Distinctive landforms result from different glacial processes. Corries form from glacial erosion in mountain hollows. Arêtes are knife-edge ridges that separate corries. Pyramidal peaks form when three or more corries erode around a mountain, leaving a horn-shaped peak. U-shaped valleys form from glacial erosion, with steep valley sides and a flat floor.
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There are four main types of mountains based on their origin:
1) Fold mountains like the Himalayas and Andes are formed by the folding of crustal rocks under compressive forces.
2) Block mountains such as the Vosges and Black Forest are formed by faulting of the earth's crust.
3) Volcanic mountains including Kilavea volcano and Stromboli volcano are built up from accumulated volcanic materials.
4) Residual mountains such as the Aravalli and Nilgiri ranges are formed by differential weathering that removes softer rock layers and leaves behind harder rock.
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Diane McClymont Peace, Environmental Health Research Division, First Nations and Inuit Health Branch, Health Canada. Presentation at the HOUSING REALITIES FOR INUIT 2012 WORKSHOP organized by Inuit Tuttarvingat of NAHO, February 16, 2012.Glaciers project
Glaciers are large masses of ice formed from compacted snow. They form in locations where snowfall exceeds melting over many years, such as mountainous and polar regions. Glaciers are sensitive to temperature changes and have been retreating at unprecedented rates since the early 20th century due to climate change caused by human activity like the Industrial Revolution. As glaciers melt, it impacts fresh water supplies and hydroelectric power generation. Potential solutions to reduce melting include lowering emissions and improving carbon sequestration through soil and underground storage.
Glacial Landforms
The document lists and provides links to information about various glacial landforms including depositional and erosional features. It discusses landforms such as moraines, outwash plains, and aretes that were formed by glaciers through processes of erosion and deposition. Examples include glacial landforms found in Alaska, Greenland, Massachusetts, England and other locations that were influenced by past glacial activity.
Glacial ice powerpoint
Glacial ice is the largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth and supports one third of the world's population. Glaciers form on land where snow accumulation exceeds melting. They slowly deform and flow due to their own weight, creating features like crevasses. Glaciers erode the underlying landscape through abrasion and plucking of rock debris. As they carry this debris and later melt, glaciers leave behind landforms such as moraines, eskers, and drumlins that provide evidence of past glacial activity. Glacial periods within ice ages are marked by colder temperatures and advancing glaciers, while interglacials are warmer intervals between them.
L1 introduction to glaciation2012 ap copy
During periods of glaciation called ice ages, temperatures fall and ice advances, covering large portions of the Earth's surface. Britain was once covered by ice during the last ice age approximately 10,000 years ago. Glaciers form when snow accumulates in certain mountainous areas over many years. The snow compact under its own weight and from additional snowfall, transforming into ice that moves downhill under gravitational force, taking on the form of large rivers of ice called glaciers.
What are glaciers?
A glacier forms over many years in places where snow falls but does not melt, accumulating in layers that compress into ice. As glaciers move into warmer areas, melting occurs at the glacier's snout or front. Glaciers advance when accumulation exceeds melting and retreat when melting exceeds accumulation. Factors influencing this balance include climate cycles, volcanic eruptions, and human-caused global warming, which is currently causing many glaciers to retreat rapidly.
Glacial transportation and deposition
This document discusses different types of glacial landforms formed by the deposition of debris (moraine) transported and deposited by glaciers. It describes erratics as large rocks transported far from their source, moraines as ridges of glacial debris including terminal, lateral, and recessional moraines, and drumlins as streamlined hills that indicate the direction of past ice flow. Drumlins are proposed to form through subglacial deformation as the glacier becomes overloaded with debris and moulds it into characteristic elongated shapes aligned with ice movement.
Rotary Canadian Powerpoint Presentation
This document provides information about places in Canada including the Canadian Rockies, Niagara Falls, Toronto, Quebec City, and Cabot Trail in Nova Scotia. It also shares facts about Canada such as its national anthem, official languages, population, and stereotypes. Specific details are given about the province of Alberta, its capital Edmonton, scenery and industries. The town of Red Deer, Alberta is discussed along with its river, activities, and largest ski hill. Personal information is shared about the author's family from Red Deer including their names, hobbies and hometown origins.
Glaciers
This document provides information about glacial landforms and processes. It describes how glaciers erode through plucking and abrasion, transport material, and deposit boulders, moraines, drumlins, and eskers. Specific glacial landforms mentioned include cirques, arêtes, pyramidal peaks, U-shaped valleys, ribbon lakes, truncated spurs, hanging valleys, and fjords. Ireland experienced two major ice ages that helped form its present landscape through glacial erosion and deposition.
Landforms Of Glacial Deposition
The document discusses different landforms created by glacial deposition including erratics, drumlins, and boulder clay. Erratics are large boulders carried and deposited by glacial ice in areas of different bedrock. Drumlins are smooth, elongated hills formed parallel to the direction of glacial ice movement, typically 30-40 meters high and 300-400 meters long, consisting of stones and clay deposited as the glacier's load became too heavy. Most deposition occurs at the upstream end forming the drumlin's blunt end, with the rest of the deposited material molded by the moving ice into a tapered downstream end.
Glaciers
- Glaciers are large persistent bodies of ice that form where snow accumulation exceeds melting over many years. Their sheer weight and plasticity causes them to slowly flow under gravity.
- The approximate areas covered by glaciers worldwide are provided, totaling nearly 15 million square kilometers, with over half of that in Antarctica and Greenland.
- Glaciers are classified by their location and behavior, such as ice sheets, ice caps, valley glaciers, and tidewater glaciers.
Glaciers and Glaciation
Glaciers are large, slow-moving masses of ice that form from compacted snow. They are found in mountain ranges and polar regions. Glaciers are sensitive to climate conditions and influence sea levels and water resources. They are categorized based on their thermal characteristics, behavior, and location. Alpine glaciers are confined to valleys while continental glaciers span entire regions. As glaciers accumulate more snow than melts, they grow, but melting exceeds accumulation in warmer periods, causing glaciers to recede.
GLACIATION
This topic is all about Glaciation. This includes; the causes of glaciation, the origin of glaciers, formation, primary types, movement, the erosional, transportation and depositional mechanisms. This also includes the common landforms brought by glaciers.
Glacial landforms AS Level Geography
This document describes various glacial and periglacial landforms formed by glacial erosion and deposition. Cirques are round hollows formed by glacial erosion in mountain regions. Arêtes are knife-edged ridges formed between two cirques, and pyramidal peaks form where three or more cirques meet. Glacial erosion can also form U-shaped valleys called troughs. Deposition by glaciers forms landforms like till, moraines, drumlins and erratics. Periglacial processes in cold regions without glaciers form patterned ground, ice wedges, pingos and other landforms through freeze-thaw action.
Erosional & depositional glacial landforms
erosional & depositional glacial landforms, impact of climate change on glaciers and recession on himalayan glaciers!
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L 5 Corries, Aretes Pyramid Peaks
Corries, arêtes, and pyramidal peaks are distinctive landforms resulting from different erosion processes. Corries form in sheltered mountain hollows where snow collects and forms glaciers. Glacial erosion deepens and widens the corries over time. Arêtes are narrow, knife-edge ridges that form between adjacent corries. Pyramidal peaks form when three or more corries erode back into a mountain, leaving behind a horn-shaped peak.
L4 Glacial Troughs
Glacial erosion can form U-shaped valleys and hanging valleys. U-shaped valleys are formed as glaciers erode existing river valleys, deepening and widening them into a characteristic U-shape with steep sides and a flat floor. Hanging valleys form when a tributary glacier erodes a valley that runs above and perpendicular to the main valley. As the main glacier recedes, it leaves behind steep walled, high elevation valleys hanging over the main valley below.
Revise Glaciation
The document provides information about glacial landforms formed by glacial erosion and deposition. It describes how glaciers erode the underlying landscape to form characteristic U-shaped valleys with steep sides and flat floors. It also explains how glacial erosion forms other landforms like corries (cirques), arêtes (sharp ridges), and pyramidal peaks. Glacial deposition leaves behind landforms like moraines, drumlins, and outwash plains formed from sediments.
Glaciated Landforms
Glaciated landscapes feature distinctive landforms created by glacial erosion and deposition. Some examples include corries, which are deep hollows with steep back walls that often form tarns after glacial retreat. Hanging valleys are smaller tributary valleys left at higher elevations after a main valley was deepened by glaciation. When three or more corries cut into a mountain, they can form a pyramidal peak or horn-like shape separated by narrow ridges called arêtes. U-shaped valleys have wide, flat floors and truncated spurs compared to the narrow, steep sides and winding course of pre-glacial V-shaped valleys.
Glacial landforms with mapped examples
Snow collects in hollows high in the mountains and over time compacts into ice. As the ice moves downhill due to its weight and melting water underneath, it erodes the landscape through plucking and abrasion. This action deepens and steepens the hollows, forming cirques or corries, and creates sharp-edged ridges called arêtes between corries. When three or more cirques cut into the same mountain, they form a pyramidal peak with steep, angular faces.
Glacial landforms
The document contains photos and descriptions of various glacial landforms and features. It includes images and explanations of niche glaciers in Wyoming, an ice cap on Cotopaxi volcano in Ecuador, glaciers in Alaska and West Greenland, retreating glaciers in New Zealand and Canada, glacial erosion features like striations and erratics, lateral and terminal moraines on Bylot Island, and diagrams labeling landforms created by glacial erosion and deposition including U-shaped valleys, hanging valleys, and drumlins.
Glacial landforms2
This document describes various landforms created by glacial erosion and deposition. It defines cirques, corries, and cwms as hollows on mountainsides deepened and widened by corrie glaciers. Arêtes are knife-edged ridges between corries, while pyramidal peaks form when multiple corries erode a central horn-shaped area. Glacial troughs or U-shaped valleys have hanging valleys, truncated spurs, and misfit streams. Features of glacial deposition include till, moraines, drumlins, eskers, kames, kettles, and outwash plains.
Glaciation
Glaciation features such as corries, aretes, pyramidal peaks, glacial troughs, ribbon lakes, hanging valleys, truncated spurs, boulder clay/till, moraines and drumlins are formed by the glacial erosion processes of freeze-thaw weathering, abrasion, and plucking. Upland glaciated areas are used for farming, forestry, and tourism, but these human uses can cause conflicts over land management with environmental and social issues. Case studies of specific glaciated regions help explain these issues.
Landforms associated with Glacier
Glacial landforms include erosional features like U-shaped valleys, hanging valleys, cirques, and arêtes, as well as depositional landforms like moraines, drumlins, eskers, and outwash plains. Glaciers erode through abrasion and plucking, forming characteristic steep-walled, flat-bottomed valleys. Cirques form at the head of valley glaciers. Depositional features include moraines of debris deposited or pushed along the sides and end of the glacier, as well as fluvio-glacial landforms formed by meltwater streams like eskers, kames, and outwash plains.
Glaciers
Glaciers are large bodies of dense ice that are constantly moving due to their own weight. As glaciers advance and retreat, they leave behind several landforms including rolling hills, moraines, eskers, drumlins, and kettle lakes. Glaciers form in areas where more snow accumulates than melts over many years or centuries.
Glaciers rivers of ice
Glaciers slowly carve and shape the landscape as they move. They act like sandpaper to erode the land underneath. Glaciers leave behind several telltale features that indicate they once passed through an area, including U-shaped valleys, cirques, arêtes, horns, erratics, moraines, and eskers. Glaciers are retreating rapidly due to climate change, altering ecosystems and hydrology. Their melting is evidence of global warming.
Revision Document - Glaciation
Glaciation in upland areas has created landforms like corries, arêtes, and pyramidal peaks through freeze-thaw weathering and erosion by glaciers. Glaciers carved out U-shaped valleys and left behind landforms like hanging valleys, truncated spurs, and ribbon lakes. Glacial deposition formed features such as drumlins, moraines, and boulder clay. Upland glaciated areas are used for marginal farming, forestry, and tourism, but management is needed to address issues from overuse, like erosion, and conflicts between different user groups.
Revision Document - Glaciation
Glaciation in upland areas has created landforms like corries, arêtes, and pyramidal peaks through freeze-thaw weathering and erosion by glaciers. Glaciers carved out U-shaped valleys and left behind landforms like hanging valleys, truncated spurs, and ribbon lakes. Glacial deposition formed features such as drumlins, moraines, and boulder clay. Upland glaciated areas are used for marginal farming, forestry, and tourism, but management is needed to address issues from overuse, like erosion, and conflicts between different user groups.
Glaciation in the Nant Ffrancon Valley
The document describes several features of glacial erosion visible in the Nant Ffrancon Valley in Snowdonia, Wales. These include hanging valleys formed by differential erosion, truncated spurs where pre-glacial ridges have been removed, asymmetrical roche moutonnées with smoothed up-valley and jagged lee-ward sides, ribbon lakes in overdeepened parts of the valley floor, striations on rock faces from abrasion by debris in glacial ice, and U-shaped valleys broadened and deepened by glacial erosion. It also mentions corries, arêtes, pyramidal peaks, and diffluent cols shaped by glacial erosion.
Glacial environment
This document summarizes key aspects of glacial environments and glacial landforms. It describes how snow accumulates over time to form glacial ice, and the different zones within glaciers. It also discusses the two main types of glaciers - mountain/alpine glaciers and continental ice sheets - and how they form and move. The document outlines various erosional landforms created by glaciers such as cirques, arêtes, and U-shaped valleys. It also describes depositional features including moraines, eskers, kames, and drumlins. In summary, the document provides an overview of glacial formation, movement, erosion processes, and resulting landforms.
Glacial Erosion Features 3
Ribbon lakes form in glacial troughs where a glacier has over-deepened part of its valley, often in areas of softer rock. This can occur through erosion as the glacier erodes the weaker rock more or where a tributary glacier joins and adds erosive power. Ribbon lakes may also form behind terminal moraines that dam the main valley when the glacier retreats. Examples of ribbon lakes can be found in the Lake District, remaining after glaciation and fed by rainfall, streams and rivers.
Arêtes
An arête is a sharp, narrow ridge formed by the erosion of adjoining corries (cirques) by glaciers. As glaciers expand due to increased snow and ice, they erode and carve the underlying landscape. This can result in the formation of U-shaped valleys, corries, tarns, and arêtes. Crib Goch in Wales is a prominent example of an arête, formed from the erosion of two opposing corries that were once occupied by alpine glaciers. It is a steep and narrow ridge that can be dangerous to climb, especially in winter conditions. Arêtes are common landforms found in mountainous areas that have been subjected to past glaciation.
Glacial Topography.pptx
This document discusses glacial landforms created by erosion and deposition. It describes erosional landforms such as cirques, glacial troughs, hanging valleys, and fjords that are formed by glacial erosion. Depositional landforms created by glaciers depositing debris include outwash plains, eskers, kame terraces, drumlins, and various types of moraines. The document examines how glaciers shape the landscape and leave behind distinctive erosional and depositional features when they melt.
L6 Ribbon Lakes
Ribbon lakes form in glacial troughs where parts of the valley floor were overdeepened by glacial erosion. This can occur where the glacier eroded softer rock more easily or where two glaciers joined, increasing erosive power. When the glacier retreated, the deep sections filled with water, creating long, narrow ribbon lakes. Examples of ribbon lakes can be found in the Lake District, such as Lake Windermere. Key terms discussed included truncated spurs, alluvial fans, and glacial troughs.
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Freeze-thaw weathering involves the expansion of water in rock cracks when it freezes, which exerts pressure and causes pieces of rock to break off when it thaws. Chemical weathering changes the composition of the rock through warm, wet conditions. Mass movement rapidly transforms coastlines by causing cliffs and material on slopes to slide downwards, resulting in cliff retreat and new sediment supply on beaches.
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Volcanic eruptions can be monitored and potentially predicted using various methods. Earthquake activity, ground deformation measured by tiltmeters and GPS, changes in magma temperature, and gas emissions are monitored in real-time. Seismometers are also used to analyze earthquake waves. By studying patterns of past eruptions, including the timing of flows and gaps between events, volcanologists aim to improve predictions. However, volcanic eruptions often remain unpredictable.
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Large numbers of tourists visiting tropical destinations can negatively impact the local environment and economy in several ways. Seasonal tourist jobs pay locals low wages, while most profits from hotels and businesses go to foreign owners. Traditional industries like farming suffer when land is sold for tourism development and locals' diets change to imported foods preferred by visitors. Over-tourism can also threaten local customs and introduce social problems by changing island cultures.
Model 3
The document describes three levels of analysis for comparing two population pyramids (A and B). Level 1 involves basic descriptive points about the pyramids' shapes. Level 2 explains differences in life expectancy and development status between the populations based on pyramid shape. Level 3 provides the most detailed analysis by linking sentences, using comparative words, and directly contrasting pyramids A and B.
Model 2
The UK government has tried to improve inner cities since the 1990s through various initiatives. These include programs like City Challenge in the 1990s, which provided funding for local councils and private groups to regenerate areas through new housing, improved community facilities and parks. More recently, the Sustainable Communities program since 2003 has aimed to give residents access to jobs, education, healthcare and a good quality of life while protecting the environment, such as through examples like the New Islington Millennium Village development in Manchester. Earlier initiatives also helped through slum clearances, new social housing and designations like Urban Development Corporations starting in the 1980s.
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The conditions shown in the photo are found in shanty towns because they are unplanned, illegal settlements where people cannot afford proper building materials. As a result, houses are makeshift and put together from scrap, and there is a lack of infrastructure like running water, sanitation, electricity, and paved roads. Diseases spread easily due to contaminated water and poor drainage.
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The document outlines a 6-day trip to Iceland organized by Tudor Grange and Alderbrook schools from October 22-27, 2011. The itinerary includes visiting landmarks in Reykjavik on day 1, exploring the Golden Circle and geothermal areas on day 2, waterfalls and glaciers on day 3, more glaciers and ice lagoons on day 4, a volcano on day 5, and finishing at the Blue Lagoon hot springs on day 6 before returning home. Logistical details like transportation, accommodations, costs and payment deadlines are also provided.
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Ecotourism involves environmentally and socially responsible tourism that benefits local environments and communities economically. It focuses on small scale and low impact activities like trekking that expose visitors to natural areas in a way that conserves resources and respects local cultures. Done properly, ecotourism can contribute to sustainable development by improving living standards for local people through jobs and infrastructure while protecting environments for future generations.
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Mass tourism – good or bad
Mass tourism has both advantages and disadvantages for local economies and environments. While it can improve domestic economies through income from tourism-related industries and infrastructure development, it often leads to environmental damage and issues like traffic congestion. Strategies are needed to reduce negative impacts and maintain tourism's importance, such as appealing to higher-income visitors, addressing pollution and waste problems, and providing more full-time, skilled local jobs.
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L2 why has global
The document discusses the global growth of tourism and its economic importance. It explains that tourism has seen the exploitation of cities, mountains, and coastal areas for holidaymakers. Tourism brings many economic benefits, including increasing the number and variety of service sector jobs, improving infrastructure and public services, supporting local industries, and increasing tax revenues for local and national governments. Many small island countries have benefited greatly from tourism and improved air travel, as it has lessened their dependence on unstable commodity exports and brought a much-needed source of income. Around 80% of Barbados's national income comes from tourism.
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L15 air and water pollution
Rapid urbanization in poorer parts of the world leads to environmental problems from increased air and water pollution. Cities produce large amounts of air pollution from industry and waste that ends up polluting rivers. Water pollution kills fish and spreads disease, while air pollution damages health. Governments try to manage pollution through sewage treatment, pollution laws, and enforcing emission limits, but population growth makes controlling pollution difficult.
Bhopal
Rapid urbanization in poorer parts of the world can cause environmental problems due to difficulties managing waste, which is often toxic, as well as air and water pollution. Proper management is required to address the effects of rapid urbanization and industrialization in these areas. While urbanization brings economic opportunities, it also puts pressure on infrastructure and can harm the environment if not properly planned and regulated.
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Glaciation Lesson 4
- 1. Key idea: distinctive land forms result from different processes Landforms resulting from erosion – characteristics and formation of corries, arêtes, pyramidal peaks, truncated spurs, glacial troughs and hanging valleys. Landforms resulting from transportation and deposition – drumlins, lateral, medial, ground and terminal moraine.
- 2. Glacial Erosion – Swiss Alpine Glacier Corrie where snow accumulation takes place. Glacier flows downhill from corrie.
- 5. Coe appearance – diagram and map Steep contours Armchair shaped hollow Corrie lip tarn
- 6. RED TARN
- 8. What does an arête look like? Steep back wall Corrie lake ( or Tarn) This is Striding Edge above Red Tarn in the Lake District arête
- 10. Aretes
- 11. Aretes and map Look for a high, narrow, rocky ridge
- 13. Glacial features on an OS map
- 14. Pyramid Peak Arete Valley Glacier Corrie
- 16. Pyramid Peaks K2 in the Himalayas 8,611metres high!
- 17. U shaped Valleys
- 20. Langdale – a U-shaped valley Steep valley sides Flat valley floor
- 21. On an O.S. map
- 24. Receding tributary glacier Medial moraines Former height of glacier Main valley glacier Hanging valley Truncated spur U shaped valley ‘ Misfit’ stream Waterfall Corrie Pyramid peak Truncated spur