- Glaciers are large persistent bodies of ice that form where snow accumulation exceeds melting over many years. Their sheer weight and plasticity causes them to slowly flow under gravity.
- The approximate areas covered by glaciers worldwide are provided, totaling nearly 15 million square kilometers, with over half of that in Antarctica and Greenland.
- Glaciers are classified by their location and behavior, such as ice sheets, ice caps, valley glaciers, and tidewater glaciers.
Glaciers are the moving masses of ice. They are the permanent masses of ice that form over the land. These glaciers are originated from the compaction and crystallization of snow. When low temperature and sufficient snowfalls occur over a region we get the glaciers and snow fields will be having very low temperature and continuous snowfalls, glaciers are masses of ice that flow under the action of gravity. Glacier is a natural moving body of crystalline ice of great dimension. A glacier is a typical geological agent and as ice flows over the mountains and regions or land plain lands glaciers can erode, transport and deposit the materials carried away by suspension.
Glaciers are the moving masses of ice. They are the permanent masses of ice that form over the land. These glaciers are originated from the compaction and crystallization of snow. When low temperature and sufficient snowfalls occur over a region we get the glaciers and snow fields will be having very low temperature and continuous snowfalls, glaciers are masses of ice that flow under the action of gravity. Glacier is a natural moving body of crystalline ice of great dimension. A glacier is a typical geological agent and as ice flows over the mountains and regions or land plain lands glaciers can erode, transport and deposit the materials carried away by suspension.
This topic is all about Glaciation. This includes; the causes of glaciation, the origin of glaciers, formation, primary types, movement, the erosional, transportation and depositional mechanisms. This also includes the common landforms brought by glaciers.
This topic is all about Glaciation. This includes; the causes of glaciation, the origin of glaciers, formation, primary types, movement, the erosional, transportation and depositional mechanisms. This also includes the common landforms brought by glaciers.
Diane McClymont Peace, Environmental Health Research Division, First Nations and Inuit Health Branch, Health Canada. Presentation at the HOUSING REALITIES FOR INUIT 2012 WORKSHOP organized by Inuit Tuttarvingat of NAHO, February 16, 2012.
Comprehensive powerpoint on features of Glacial Erosion.
Introduction to Glaciers and Ice, plucking, abrasion and freeze-thaw, followed by descriptions and photographs of:
Corries
Aretes
Pyramidal Peaks
U-Shaped Valleys
Hanging Valleys
Truncated Spurs
Ribbon Lakes
in this presentation I will discus about the glacier, different type of glacier, formation of glacier and its movement from height toward lower area and supply water to our rivers
1. A glacier is a large, long-lasting mass of ice formed on land that masses downhill under its way.
Glacier is part of the earth’s hydrosphere.
Along with the sea, ice glaciers are known as the cryosphere.
2. GROUP OF GLACIER:
They fall into two general groups based on their form size and flow characteristics
3. Alphin glacier that is surrounded by mountains is called an alpine or mountain glacier.
Glaciated valleys are through like U-shaped with board floors and relatively smooth, and steep sides
The valleys may contain littered debris or debris shaped as moraines with a swampy appearance.
There may be taken gouged out of the rocky floor or formed by debris within the valley.
Cirque Glacier: Bowl-like hollow structures are called cirque glaciers. They are formed inside the mountains and tend to move towards the valley. A glacier that forms in a cirque is a cirque glacier.Piedmont Glacier: When the steep valley glaciers spill into flat plains, then a piedmont glacier occurs e.g Malaspina glacier that falls into Yakutat Bay, Alaska.Hanging glacier: When the major valley glacier thins out, that becomes a hanging glacier.Tidewater glaciers: These are valley glaciers that reach the sea, and they provide breeding habitat for seals. These glaciers are the ones that form small icebergs.
4. Continental glaciers are those vast masses of ice sheets covering stretches of land. Such glaciers flow over large areas that are unconfined, where they bury the landscapes underneath
Today, continental glaciers are only present in extreme polar regions: Antarctica and Greenland Historically, continental glaciers also covered large regions of Canada Europe and Asia, and they are responsible for many distinctive topographic features in these regions.
The ice sheet blankets 81% of Greenland and 90% of Antarctica.
FORMATION AND FLOW:
IMPORTANCE OF CONTINENTAL GLACIER:
Glaciers are an essential indicator of the study of environmental change, thereby making people aware of the increasing global warming. Due to the continuously growing industrialization, and use of automobiles, there is a rising graph of air pollution triggered by the emission of carbon monoxide and other harmful greenhouse gases. The outcome of all these is the catastrophic increase in global warming and greenhouse gases.
Glaciers come in a huge range of shapes and sizes. Different glaciers, and even different parts of the same glacier, can have a variety of different thermal, hydrological and dynamic characteristics. Glaciers occur in locations ranging from the poles to the equator, and most parts of the world have experienced the direct effects of glaciation at some time in the past. Glaciers currently occupy less of the planet than they have done in geological history, but nevertheless exert a profound influence on the global environment. Our developing understanding of glaciers will play an important role in our understanding of the global environmental system
3. Glaciers are large persistent
body of ice that forms where
the accumulation of snow
exceeds its ablation (melting
and sublimation) over many
years.
4.
5.
6.
7. The sheer weight of a thick layer of ice
and the fact that it deforms as a
"plastic" material, combined with
gravity's influence, causes glaciers to
flow very slowly. Movement along the
underside of a glacier is slower than
movement at the top due to the
friction created as it slides along the
ground's surface.
8.
9. Approximate Worldwide Area Covered by Glaciers square kilometers)
Antarctica 11,965,000 Total glacier
without iceshelves and ice rises) coverage is nearly
15,000,000 square
Greenland 1,784,000
kilometers, or a
Canada 200,000 little less than the
Central Asia 109,000 total area of the
Russia 82,000 South American
continent. The
United States 75,000 including Alaska) numbers listed do
China and Tibet 33,000 not include smaller
South America 25,000 glaciated polar
islands or other
Iceland 11,260
small glaciated
Scandinavia 2,909 areas, which is
Alps 2,900 why they do not
New Zealand 1,159 add up to
15,000,000.)
Mexico 11
Indonesia 7.5
Africa 10
10.
11. Ice Sheets Ice Shelves
-enormous continental - occur when ice sheets
masses of glacial ice extend over the sea,
and snow expanding and float on the water.
over 50,000 square In thickness they range
kilometers from a few hundred
meters to over 1000
meters
12. Ice Caps Ice Streams & Outlet
Glaciers
-miniature ice sheets, -channelized glaciers
covering less than that flow more
50,000 square rapidly than the
kilometers. They surrounding body of
form primarily in
polar and sub-polar ice
regions that are
relatively flat and
high in elevation.
13. Ice fields Mountain Glaciers
- similar to ice caps, - develop in high
except that their mountainous
flow is influenced regions, often
by the underlying flowing out of ice
topography, and
they are typically fields that span
smaller than ice several peaks or
caps. even a mountain
range.
14. Valley Glaciers Piedmont Glaciers
-commonly originating -occur when steep
from mountain glaciers
or ice fields, these
valley glaciers spill
glaciers spill down into relatively flat
valleys, looking much plains, where they
like giant tongues. spread out into
-may be very long, bulb-like lobes.
often flowing down
beyond the snow line,
sometimes reaching
sea level.
15. Cirque Glaciers Hanging Glaciers
-found high on -also called ice
mountainsides and aprons, these
tend to be wide glaciers cling to
rather than long.
steep
-named for the mountainsides.
bowl-like hollows
they occupy.
16. Tidewater Glaciers
-valley glaciers that flow
far enough to reach out
into the sea.
-responsible
for calving numerous
small icebergs.
25. Muir Glacier, located in Glacier Bay, Alaska, photographed by W. Field in Aug. 1941 (left)
and B. Molnia in Sep. 1976 (middle) and Aug. 2004 (right). Note how the glacier has
retreated and exposed rock in 1976 that has since become lush vegetation in 2004.
26. The Larsen Ice Shelf in Antarctica, March 21, 1998. Taken at the beginning of the
Antarctic winter, the ice shelf is clearly visible. Notice that sea ice is forming over the
ocean to the right the ice shelf.
27. The massive lobe of Malaspina Glacier is clearly visible in this photograph taken from a
Space Shuttle flight in 1989. Agassiz Glacier is to the left of Malaspina Glacier, and
towards the top of the photograph Seward Ice Field is just visible.
28. Retreating mountain glaciers in Bhutan. This satellite image shows the termini of several
glaciers in the Himalayan mountains of Bhutan. The glaciers have been receding over the
past few decades, and lakes have formed on the surfaces and near the termini of many
of the glaciers.
29. Glacier at the head of Canon Fiord, Ellesmere Island, Canada