The document discusses the Gilded Age in the United States from the 1870s to the 1890s. It describes the rise of political machines in cities during this time period. Political machines offered services and favors to citizens in exchange for votes and power. While some bosses, like Roscoe Conkling, used the system to help citizens, others engaged in corruption through practices like kickbacks. The document also discusses the large number of immigrants who came to the U.S. during this time to work in factories under difficult conditions and often relied on political machines to help meet their needs.
Introduction Hi, Im John Green. This is Crash CourTatianaMajor22
Introduction
Hi, I'm John Green. This is Crash Course U.S. History, and today we're going to continue our look
at the Gilded Age by focusing on political science.
Mr. Green! Mr. Green! So it's another history class where we don't actually talk about history?
Oh, me from the past. Your insistence on trying to place academic exploration into little boxes
creates a little box that you yourself will live in for the rest of your life if you don't put your
interdisciplinary party hat on!
So the Gilded Age takes its name from a book by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner that was
called The Gilded Age: a Tale of Today. It was published in 1873, and it was not that successful.
But while the Gilded Age conjures up visions of fancy parties and ostentatious displays of wealth,
the book itself was about politics, and it gives a very negative appraisal of the state of American
democracy at the time. Which shouldn't come as a huge surprise coming from Twain, whose
comments about Congress included, "Suppose you were an idiot. And suppose you were a
member of Congress. But I repeat myself." And also, "It could probably be shown by facts and
figures that there is no distinctly native American criminal class except Congress."
So when faced with the significant changes taking place in the American economy after the Civil
War, America's political system both nationally and locally dealt with these problems in the best
way possible: by becoming incredibly corrupt.
[Crash Course intro]
Ohhh, Stan says I have to taken off my party hat. Ruh, ruhr ruhrrr.
The Urban Political Machine
So former House speaker Tip O'Neil once famously said that all politics is local, and although that
isn't actually true, I am going to start with local politics today. Specifically, one of America's
greatest inventions: the urban political machine. So a political machine is basically an organization
that works to win elections so that they can exercise power. The most famous political machine
was New York City's Tammany Hall, which dominated Democratic Party politics in the late 19th
century, survived until the 20th, and is keenly associated with corruption.
The Mystery Document
Oh, it's already time for the mystery document? This is highly unorthodox, Stan. Well, the rules here
are simple; I guess the author of the mystery document, I'm usually wrong, and I get shocked with
the shock pen. All right, let's see what we got here.
Mystery document: "My party's in power in the city, and it's going to undertake a lot of public
improvements. Well, I'm tipped off, say, that they're going to lay out a new park at a certain place
and buy up all the land I can in the neighborhood. Then the board of this or that makes its plan
public, and there is a rush to get my land, which nobody cared particular for before. Ain't it perfectly
honest to charge a good price and make a profit on my investment and foresight. Of course it is.
That's h ...
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. C. Rebuilding a Nation (ca. 1877-ca. 1914)
1.Industrialization and Urbanization
C. Identify labor and workforce issues of the late
nineteenth century, including perspectives of
owners/managers and Social Darwinists
D. Explain the challenges and contributions of
immigrants of the late nineteenth century
E. Explain the causes and impact of urbanization
in the late nineteenth century
3. Gilded means “gold
plated.” Objects are
gilded to appear more
valuable than they are,
like a ring.
Therefore, in calling
this era the “Gilded
Age,” Mark Twain was
saying it appeared
valuable on the
outside, but
underneath it was not.
4. The Gilded Age
-The Gilded Age refers to the era in US History
from the 1870s to the 1890s.
-This term was coined by Mark Twain, a prolific
author in the late 1800s. Twain mocked greed and
selfishness within his culture.
-Twain also attacked political corruption that
arose through political leaders who put self-
interest above service during the Gilded Age.
5. Political Machines
-Rapid growth of cities caused the rich to get richer and MORE citizens to become poor. Social
Darwinism dominated the economy.
-“Political Machine” simply referred to groups who offered services to voters and businesses
for political power and reelection.
-This is the structure of the political machine:
(1) The City Boss: ruled the city as mayor
(2) Ward Bosses: secured votes for the city mayor
(3) Local Precinct Workers
6. Structure of the Political
Machine
City Boss: The Mayor
Ward Boss: Secured votes
Local Precinct Workers
7. Corruption, Greed, and Political Machines
-The mayors gave favors to citizens in
exchange for power to be in government
offices.
-The goal was to GET ELECTED to maintain
power.
-This is not necessarily a negative structure. Yet, it
depended on the leader. Some leaders used their power
corruptly and some used their power to help citizens.
8. Immigrants arrived in the USA in the late
1800s and early 1900s to work in
factories.
9. Immigrants and the Political Machines
-Cities grew substantially in the late 1800s, due to
the increase of factories and industry. Often, the
workers who came to work at these factories were
immigrants.
-Many leaders involved in the Political Machines
were immigrants or the direct descendants of
immigrants. The votes of the immigrants mattered a
great deal to the political bosses.
-The Political Machines often attempted to
accommodate the needs of the immigrants to keep
political power.
10. Immigrants worked in an environment of
Social Darwinism in the late
1800s and early 1900s.
11. Social Darwinism and Immigrants
-As immigrants arrived in the USA, they were
radically impacted by Social Darwinism.
-Big business leaders paid low salaries and the
factories had many health hazards.
-Many immigrants looked to the political
machines to help them achieve better housing,
improve city conditions, and to address other
needs.
12. The Political Boss
-The “boss” served as mayor in the city. He had
access to government jobs and business licenses.
-In some cases, the political machine helped
citizens.
-For instance, Roscoe Conkling, mayor of Utica,
New York, gave money to build city structures,
helped hospitals, and gave to orphanages with his
power.
13. While many mayors
involved in political
machines in the Gilded
Age were corrupt, some,
like Roscoe Conkling,
used the process to help
citizens get better
schools, hospitals,
orphanages, and helped
to meet other needs as
well.
14. Corruption in the Gilded Age
-Graft is a term that describes any illegal use of
political power for personal gain.
-Kickbacks, over charging the city for a service and
giving the surplus to the “boss,” was an example of
graft.
-Criminals used bribes to pay a mayor to look the
other way while they did illegal activity, another
example of graft.
15. During the Gilded Age, corrupt political leaders paid
contractors to do jobs for the city. Yet, the contractors
illegally gave the mayor money back to bribe the mayor to
let their company do the job. This was called a “kickback”
and was against the law.
17. The “Boss” Tweed Scandal
-William “Boss” Tweed led New York City in the
late 1860s to the early 1870s.
-He gave $13 Million in tax payer money to
build a $3 Million court house and took a
“kickback” from the contractor.
-Tweed was given a prison sentence of 12
years, served 1 year, escaped, and he was
eventually arrested again in Europe.
Editor's Notes
Mark Twain, pictured above, coined the term “The Gilded Age” to describe America in the late 1800s.
Mark Twain coined the term “The Gilded Age” to describe America in the late 1800s. He wrote a book called “The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today” that brought the phrase into the common language.
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Use this slide to explain the structure of the political machines.
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The picture above is of Eastern European immigrants arriving in the USA.
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Compare and contrast biological Darwinism (the seal was not as adapted to survive as other seals) to Social Darwinism (Rockefeller was more capable of survivor than his competitors). Then, explain how Social Darwinism impacted immigrants.
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Use this picture to explain how a “kickback” works.
Use this picture to show how boss tweed was viewed as a greedy, corrupt leader.
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