1. Politics and Reform

2. Two sides are even and there is not a way for
one side to beat the other

3.  Party of morality
 Reformers
 Abolition
 Temperance

4.  Party of Personal Liberty
 Dominated the South

5.  1876 and 1888
 Presidents Hayes and Harrison win the
Electoral College but lose the popular vote
 Has this happened recently?

8.  The act of giving government jobs to
supporters of the winning party in an election
 Also called the "Spoils System”

11. Republican reformers who wanted an end
to the patronage system

12.  Republicans who supported patronage
 Government jobs went to family and friends

13. President James Garfield is assassinated in 1881 in a train
station by a supporter who did not receive a job after the
election
“I am a Stalwart and Arthur is President now!!”

14. Was passed in reaction
to Garfield's
assassination
Jobs must be filled
according to the rules
made by a bipartisan
committee (Civil Service
Commission)
Candidates must take
an examination (Civil
Service Exam) to qualify

15. Gilded_Politics

16.  Nationally, some politicians pushed
for reform in the hiring system, which
had been based on Patronage (giving
jobs and favors to those who helped a
candidate get elected). Reformers
Applicants for
pushed for adoption of a merit system
federal jobs (hiring the most qualified for jobs).
are required to
take a Civil The Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883
Service Exam authorized a bipartisan commission to
make appointments for federal jobs
based on performance.

17. Rise of Monopolies
A monopoly is having exclusive control of a commodity
or service in a particular market, or a control that
makes possible the manipulation of prices.

18. Robber Barons
The 19th century term for a businessman or
banker who dominated a respective industry and
amassed huge personal fortunes, typically by
anti-competitive or unfair business practices.
Examples:
 Andrew Carnegie (steel) U.S. Steel
 Milton S. Hershey (Chocolate)
 J. P. Morgan (banking, finance, industrial consolidation)
 John D. Rockefeller (oil) Standard Oil
 Leland Stanford (railroads)
 Cornelius Vanderbilt (railroads)

19.  Railroads gave rebates to large
corporations because of their volume
seemingly gouging smaller volume
customers
 Tariffs increased prices on manufactured
goods and made it difficult for farmers to
export

20. The federal government has the power to
regulate rates for traffic between states

21.  In response to Wabash v. Illinois,
Congress passed a law that rates must
be reasonable and just (fair)
 It also made it illegal to charge higher
rates for shorter hauls (prohibited
discriminating against small markets)
 It was ineffective because there was
no enforcement of the law

22. The_Interstate_Commerce_Act

23. Made it illegal to combine a company into a
trust or conspire to restrain trade or commerce
The law was ineffective because it was vague
and the courts did not enforce it

24. The_Sherman_Antitrust_Act

26.  Although the ICC and Sherman Antitrust
Act were ineffective they did set a
precedent for government regulation
 Garfield's assassination leads to reforms
that are still in practice today