12. Taylor’s principle of
“scientific management”
reorganized factory processes
to improve economic efficiency
and increase productivity rates.
13. Demand for low-skilled labor
attractive to varying immigrant
populations (German, Irish)
14.
15.
16.
17. In-fighting among immigrant groups.
Conflicts in the workplace between
management and labor.
Small businesses feared local dominance of
larger trusts.
18. 1) Immigrants became disenchanted with
big business.
Bosses came from ranks and took power from
business class
2) Size and complexity of city life made
political responsibilities full-time work.
Rise of professional politicians at local level
25. Democratic political clubs in middle-class
neighborhoods
Favors for small businessmen
Restaurants, Saloons, Delis
Funeral Homes
Control of city services (transportation,
garbage pick-up)
26. TWEED RING /TAMMANY HALL
Businesses paid machine
percentage of bill for city
contracts (10-65%)
Machine paid local
newspaper advertising
costs; papers got friendly
editorial policy from Ring
PENDERGAST MACHINE
Building construction cease
due to structural issues
Issue “fixed” by machine
Building code “updated” for
“modern” times
27. 1)Watched over organized crime and social
vices of cities
2) “Legalization” of prostitution
3) Abundance of brothels, night clubs,
gambling houses
28.
29.
30. Founded in NewYork in late 1780s as a social
organization
“Tammany” comes fromTamanend, a Native
American leader
Adopted Native American customs—
meeting hall was a wigwam
Tamanend
31. Counter to Alexander
Hamilton’s “Society of the
Cincinnati”
Became center for Jeffersonian
politics in NewYork
Burr usedTammany in 1800
Election; electedVice President
Aaron Burr
32. Tammany leaders met with
Democratic nominee
Jackson and agreed to
endorse him in exchange for
federal jobs.
33.
34. Society expanded political control by earning
loyalty of immigrant community
35. 1) Provided means for basic life needs
Food, coal, rent money, employment
2) Intermediary between immigrants and State
Example: Plunkitt’s daily activities (see Plunkitt of
Tammany Hall)
3) Social integrator by helping familiarize them
with American society; helping with naturalization
process
Example: “Naturalization Committees”
36.
37. Tweed became foreman of
NewYork’s volunteer fire department.
This job helped elect him Democratic
alderman—beginning his rise to power.
38.
39.
40.
41. Expanded corruption/kickbacks of Ring into city
and state govt.
Protégés elected NY Governor and NYC Mayor
NewYork State Senator
True power was in appointments
42. NYC expanded
into Upper
East and Upper
West Sides
Land set aside for
Metropolitan Museum of Art
(MOMA)
Brooklyn
Bridge Begun
49. Carmine De Sapio
Eleanor Roosevelt held De Sapio
personally responsible for FDR Jr’s.
political defeat.
Formed NY Committee for
DemocraticVoters
50.
51. Lasted from 1890s to 1920s
Main Goal: Purification of Government
Tried to eliminate corruption by exposing
political bosses
Prohibition (18th Amendment; repealed as 21st
Amendment)
Women’s Suffrage (20th Amendment)
52. “The Man With the
Muck Rake”
In Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress"
you may recall the description of
the Man with the Muck Rake…
…He also typifies the man who in
this life consistently refuses to see
aught that is lofty, and fixes his
eyes with solemn intentness only
on that which is vile and debasing.
Now, it is very necessary that we
should not flinch from seeing what
is vile and debasing. There is filth
on the floor, and it must be
scraped up with the muck rake.
Excerpt fromTheodore Roosevelt’s 1906 speech,
“The Man WithThe Muck Rake”
53. Involved government
regulation of railroad
industry
Created the first federal
regulatory agency
Interstate Commerce
Commission
