Ghost Military Mission Command

Ghost Military Mission Command
Part Three
"Mission command is the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable disciplined initiative within the
commander's intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations" (ADRP 6–0) What does a commander do when
all communications with higher command is severed? Combatant commanders cannot cease to operate simply because communications are
interrupted. In Ghost Fleet, the Chinese completely disrupt all communications for the American fleet. In beginning of the novel, this cripples the fleet.
Lack of orders paralyzes the much–needed response to the invasion and attacks. The breakdown of communications cannot stop the fight. Mission
command outlines how mission orders set the battlefield for success. Disciplined initiative to continue the mission based on a clear understanding of the
commander's intent. In the situation presented in the novel, we are given two examples of this. When the attack at Pearl Harbor begins, most
commanders of the fleet freeze with indecision when communications cease. This indecision cost countless lives as the torpedoes strike the unmoving
ships. In dichotomy, the USS Coronado sees the attack and acts immediately. They are the only... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the future, technology and digital systems will continue to play an important role in how the United States Army fights and wins our nation's wars.
As technology improves and becomes an increasingly integral part of every Army system, it is important that leaders maintain the ability to fight and
win without these benefits. Over reliance on digital systems and unfettered information is a weakness that our enemies will exploit on future
battlefields. Ukraine learned this lesson very devastatingly in the recent annexation of Crimea. In order to safeguard the trust emplaced on leaders by
the American people, it is a lesson not repeated by the US
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Joint Force 2025: Term Paper
1. Cyberspace: One trend of the future security environment that will most influence the operational environment (OE) is the impact of the rapidly
changing technology on the use of cyberspace, which will in turn effect the Joint Force going into 2025. (Carrington post, July 28, 2016). Cyberspace
is both a military domain and a part of the global commons, that is uncontrolled by any state or entity. (Carrington post, citing Denmark, 11). As
technology increases, the world shifts from an industrial society to an information economy. (Whitescarver July 28, 2016 post, citing Allen and
Pollack, video). Cyber threats impede the Joint Force's capabilities to defend the United States with technology and with systems that utilize, transmit
and store... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Space: Space is one of four "global commons" (Carrington, 28 Jul) that needs to be continuously addressed by Joint Force 2025. As global commons
become more competitive to influence, the Joint Force will have to adapt to the current threats and change its approaches in the next 4–10 years to
remain competitive in the space common. Rapid advancement in technologies have created new cost effective innovations and increased global access
that will facilitate DOD ability to coordinate and conduct synchronized operations. The Joint Force must partner with the scientific, private, and public
sectors to take full advantage of the opportunities that exist for space. (Whitescarver, 28 Jul; Kimmel, 29 Jul) This effort is imperative to support the
Joint Force's limited resources and time to address the space common. This partnership will create innovations that delay near state and non–state actors
from discovering new technologies and capabilities. The Joint Force budget is also an area of concern. The current DOD budget presents $547
billion while expenditures for space for the FY17 budget are projected to be $22 Billion (Hughes, 29 July). This represents 4% of an increasing budget
that is more reliant upon space systems and the increasing proliferation of counter space

USSOCOM and USTRANSCOM: Support to Combatant Commanders...
USSOCOM & USTRANSCOM Objective The objective of this study is to examine how, with the ultimate goal of joint mission being operational
effectiveness, that USSOCOM and USTRANSCOM can 'enable' the mission. Also discussed will be the capabilities and limitations of the available
service forces, and considering that these forces were not optimized for the assigned mission, explain which additional forces would be requested and
why. Also addressed will be the interdependencies among available and requested forces. Introduction It is reported in the work of Womble (nd) that
there are efforts underway to "enhance the mobility of U.S. military forces are focused largely on platforms: how many are needed, and how should
they be used" however, it is reported that platforms "are only a small part of the answer to the challenge of transforming our military mobility
capabilities." (Womble, nd) Womble states that the Department of Defense (DOD) is no longer able to afford the costly transportation infrastructure
and it is stated that reengineering might be realized through transformation of the U.S. Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) through utilization
of the Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) as a model. (Womble, nd, paraphrased) USTRANSCOM controls only part of DOD's transportation
assets and processes. Womble reports that the USTRANSCOM is the single manager for Defense transportation "with the exceptions of service–unique
and theater–assigned assets." (nd ) The DTS is

Combatant Command Case Study
1.The general differences between a geographic combatant command (GCC) and a functional command start with the titles, and is codified in what is
called the Unified Command Plan establishing joint commands. A geographic combatant is responsible for a specific geographic portion of the
world called an Area of Responsibility. The world is divided into 6 geographic areas, and respectively the commands that are responsible for allmilitary
operations in those regions are as follows:
1. AFRICOM– The continent of Africa minus Egypt
2. NORTHCOM– The North American continent and portions of Central America
3. EUCOM– The European continent as well as Russia
4. SOUTHCOM– The South American continent and the majority of the Caribbean Islands.
5. PACOM– ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each national power is very different, but they are all needed to provide a desirable end state. The Instruments of National power are Diplomacy,
Information, Military, and Economics (DIME). Starting with Diplomacy, with embassies around the world we communicate and convey US policy to
other nations. Utilizing the other instruments of national power, diplomacy is used to build relationships, negotiate US position through agreements
such as the North American Free Trade Agreement, and in some instances coerce other nations to move towards a position in the interest of theUnited
States. A good example of coercive diplomacy would be the Joint Comprehensive Action Plan (JCPOA). First the US along with the UN, allies and
partners imposed severe sanctions on Iran, bringing them to the negotiating table. With Iran in a weakened position they asked for negotiations and the
JCPOA is the result. Ultimately Diplomacy if used wisely can shape and balance all the other instruments of power to the advantage of the United
States.
Information is an instrument used to shape events, strategies, national will, and international perceptions. Our experiences in the Arabian Gulf provides
a great example of information that was positively used. Air drops of literally millions of leaflets telling
Iraqis why we were coming, how to assist us, and how to prevent harm to themselves preceded both of our incursions into Iraq. The result was mass

ssd4 mod 1
4. Which of the following is defined as military power that can contribute to the resolution of this form of warfare, but is not decisive? irregular warfare
5. How many levels down must the commanders intent be easy to remember and clearly understood? two 6. counterdrug activities are part of which
operational theme? peace time intervention
7. the minimize injection–site discomfort, not mare than how many vaccine injections will be given on the same day? five 11. prior to deployment, one
of the responsibilities of the unit leaders to assist the fst is to reinforce command emphasis regarding which of the following requirements?
immunizations, prophylaxis, pretreatments
12. the president of the united states and what other cabinet member ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(not range control)rc–env
1. a cmetl normally focuses unit training in what arforgen phase? train phase
2. show of force and elimination of weapons of mass destruction are in which operational theme? limited intervention (not major combat operations)
3. successful major combat operations defeats or destory's the enemys armed forces, and which of the following? restore peace
6. which of the following tasks dervies from a detailed analysis of the higher headquarters order, the enemy situation and coa's, and the terrain?
specified tasks
7. for which of the following army functional proponets is preventive medicine considered one of the functional areas of army health care delivery?
surgean general
8. who designates the administering of the anthrax immunization based upon personnel serving in particular geographical areas or in specific
operational roles ? services, chairman of the joint chiefs, or the office of the secretary of defense
9. all soldiers in the unit will receive annual dental examinations. the unit (or its supporting personnel activity) will–establish procedures to deal with
soldiers who are classified as which of the following ? class 3 patients 11. what is the minimum personnel requirements for the fst? 3–one nco; one
medic; one enlisted soldier mos irrelevant
20. which government agency sponsors electronic questionnaires for investigation? centeral clearance and security services (not defense security
service)
24. what official database

Mission Command Research Paper
The Describe Activity of Mission Command in Post War Iraq Taking the field in 2003, the U.S Army, the most dominate fighting force in the world
seized the initiative in Iraq. This paper outlines the staging of one command, the 101st Airborne Division, their commander Major General Petraeus,
and the challenges of shifting rolls from combat to nation building and the effective transfer of power. Additionally, this paper will detail the Mission
Command philosophy, specifically the describe action with the four step process of commander's intent, planning guidance, critical information and
friendly information as pertains to developing the commander's intent during the initial occupation of Mosul, Iraq. While little was known about the
current... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two components are friendly force information and priority intelligence requirements. Critical to his success, Major General Petraeus monitored the
mood and posture in the civilian population. Excessive or over aggressive military operations could swing the balance of support and potentially loose
the advantage gained. This became a critical information requirement. Friendly information Essential Elements of Friendly Information (EEFIs) are the
last component to the describe action of mission command. EEFIs identify information that would endanger the success of the mission if identified.
The actions of mission command to this point are all elements in planning. The actions of understand, visualize and describe with the four step process
of intent, planning, CCIR and EEFIs. The remaining actions of mission command follow in the conduct operations process. The actions included are
direct, lead and assess.

Effective Use of Mission Command as a Philosophy
In late November 2001 Task Force 58 launched from ships off the coast of Pakistan to conduct the longest ranged amphibious assault in history with
403 Marines and Sailors, 4 fast–attack vehicles, and a variety of supporting equipment,. General James N. Mattis successfully accomplished this in
large part to the effective execution of mission command. Commanders can utilize mission command as a philosophy or a warfighting function.
Mission command as a philosophy is the use of commander's intent and mission orders to empower agile and adaptive leaders. It enables commanders
to counter the uncertainty of operations by reducing the amount of certainty required to act in a given situation. Commanders build cohesive teams,
provide a clear... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He began building his understanding of the enemy before he ever received the mission. While conducting Operation Bright Star, a combined training
exercise in Egypt, General Mattis broke away with a small staff to war game possible scenarios for a Marine invasion into Afghanistan. He knew that
the Taliban would likely withdraw to their spiritual center of gravity in Kandahar as forces put pressure on them in the north . A long–range
amphibious assault would be needed to get that far inland. General Mattis planned to request four additional CH–53 Sea Stallions to facilitate the lift of
large numbers of supplies and Marines so this would be successful. He also planned to gain an additional two KC–10 fuel tankers to conduct refuel
operations in the air. In addition to additional aircraft, General Mattis added a second Amphibious Ready Group and Marine Expeditionary Unit to TF
58. This allowed flexibility in maintaining tempo. As one group was conducting a mission, the other was training and preparing for a follow on
mission. Flexibility was key to General Mattis's use of mission command. As a philosophy, mission command is ideally suited to fighting a
counter–insurgency. It allows commanders to issue intent through mission orders and is based on decentralized execution . General Mattis understood
this and knew while conducting a counter–insurgency, he would need to encourage disciplined initiative

Obama Administration's Policy Views on Cybersecurity
Title Page Contents Introduction Obama Administration's Policy Views on Cybersecurity 1.1.Enhancing Resilience 1.2.Reducing Threats Obama and
Bush Administrations 1.3.Bush Administration 1.4.Policy Similarities 1.5.Policy Differences Recommendations for Improvements 1.6Cyber Czar
Position 1.7International Organization and joint punishment Works Cited Introduction The following document will provide information pertaining to
presidential administrations both past and present and their respective views on cybersecurity policies. Policies of each administration will be reviewed
and summarized, noting actions taken to secure a more resilient, dependable, cyberspace. Additionally,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He continued to note in order to secure cyberspace, both private and public cyber sectors need to be regulated (CNET, 2014). 2.2.Policy similarities As
evidenced, both presidential administrations are similar in policy strategy in the fact the there is a unified acknowledgement that a malicious attack
could critically hinder the nation's infrastructure. Additionally, system vulnerabilities have been traced to a lack of end user training and education as
well as the fact that most of the system architecture has been designed more for efficiency and interoperability than security (The White House, 2009).
Both administrations focus on the importance of collaborating with the public and private sectors, as well as civil rights groups and international
partners to design and implement a series of security standards and policies. 2.3.Policy Differences One of the major differences between these two
administrations, is the focus from the Obama administration on civil liberties. Although a "cyber czar" was a recommendation in both policies, the
Obama administration more clearly defined the role by appointing an official "to be responsible for coordinating the nation's cybersecurity policies and
activities...and to establish a strong NSC directorate" (The White House, 2009) to assist with policy development and implementation. 3.
Recommendations for improvements 3.1. Cyber Czar

The Crisis Of The Caribbean
Crisis in the Caribbean Just before 5pm on January 12, 2010, a fierce earthquake struck Haiti. It was the worst earthquake to hit the region in two
hundred years. The death toll was over two hundred thousand people. Haiti resides in the area of responsibility (AOR) of SOUTHCOM, the
Department of Defense's geographic combatant command for the South American and Caribbean region. Since the natural disaster took place in
SOUTHCOM's AOR, the Chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff (CJCS) appointed SOUTHCOM as the DOD's lead agency. Although initial
SOUTHCOM organization was not ideal and the earthquake rendered communications inoperable, SOUTHCOM 's response to the crisis was
astonishing because SOUTHCOM organized a force of twenty–two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All of this was just to organize the Combatant Command Headquarters. A Joint Task Force still needed to be stood up and damage on the ground
still needed to be assessed in order to determine what kind of aid Haiti was going to need. Selecting the JTF Commander was pretty easy for
SOUTHCOM. LTG Keen was identified as the JTF Commander for a plethora of reasons. He had vast experience in the region, had built a personal
relationship with the Commander of the MINUSTAH contingent and he was on the ground in Haiti when the earthquake happened. Once identified as
the JTF–H Commander, LTG Keen had to start piecing together a capable Joint Task Force. Pieces of the puzzle, such as the USS Carl Vincent, the
22nd and 24th Expeditionary Strike Forces as well as a BCT from the 82nd Airborne Division were identified almost immediately as parts of the
newly formed JTF. After reading this case study and some articles online, I initially thought that the Department of Defense's response was going to
be a huge failure. Failure in the sense that this Geographic Combatant Command (GCC) was undermanned and unprepared and this was going to cost
the people of Haiti dearly due to the delayed response times while this GCC was getting fully manned and properly organized; then I looked at the
timeline. It is astonishing what was accomplished so quickly by both the DOD and SOUTHCOM. Were they fully prepared for the crisis? No. Were they

Research Paper On Operation Anconda Joint Planning
Operation Anaconda: Joint Planning
SFC Guillermo Martinez Quintana
MLC 01–018
MSG Gina R. Aceves
OPERATION ANACONDA: JOINT OPERATION PLANNING ERRORS
Joint Operations After the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the Twin Towers, the United States (US) declared a global war on terrorism.
Afghanistan was the first battleground with Operation ENDURING FREEDOM; US forces engaged enemy combatants in effort to deter, isolate and
destroy, terrorist networks. In the early stages, unified land operations consisted mostly of special operation forces (SOF) with support of the US
Airforce, US Navy, allies and Afghan Security Forces (ASF). This early collation was a joint effort that proved successful during the early phases of
the operation. Engagement of enemy forces successfully deterred their operational capabilities and efforts that pushed enemy forces into Shahi Kot
Valley. This concentration of enemy forces in Shahi Kot Valley fostered the development ofOperation ANACONDA, a joint, interagency,
intergovernmental, multinational (JIIM) operation. The joint operations planning process (JOPP), employed during the operational design failed to
achieve the desired combat power necessary for successful shaping operations and decisive action.
Challenges Gathering Accurate Intelligence The Combined Joint Task Force (CJTF) Mountain (10th Mountain Division), was assigned command and
control (C2) of Operation Anaconda. In early 2002, CJTF Mountain initiated the joint

Habeaus Corpas
The War against Terror as War against the Constitution Jackson A. Niday, II Abstract: This essay examines rhetorical dynamics in the 2004 US
Supreme Court case Hamdi v. Rumsfeld. News reports suggested the court split 8–1 or 6–3. However, case texts show substantive disagreements
created a 4–2–2–1 split in the court. Moreover, while the justices on the bench split into four camps rather than two, those camps were not defined
along ideological lines. This essay argues that pragmatism, the legal philosophy that held sway in the case, achieved practical expediency at the
expense of judicial and constitutional coherency. In the end, the court found a majority through neither persuasion nor principled conviction but, rather,
through... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each of these philosophies has engendered rich schools of thought and many tomes have been devoted to defining each position, but we can distill
working definitions from their governing hermeneutic principles. Textualism (often called strict constructivism) calls for an interpretation and
application of the law guided by taking the words of a source document literally with strict adherence to etymology and historical precedent.1 Legal
pragmatism, in contrast, adopts a hermeneutics stressing ''(1) the importance of context; (2) the lack of foundations; (3) the instrumental nature of law;
and (4) the unavoidable presence of alternate perspectives.''2 In the Hamdi case, Justice O'Connor's pragmatism battled and bested Justice Scalia's
textualism. That triumph, however, was a narrow victory, and a victory riddled with dissonance. It was also a victory that evoked from Scalia one of
the more scathing jeremiads he has issued from the bench. In what follows, I shall analyze the argumentation of Hamdi in terms of substance and style,
and will look at the various opinions issued, along with a detailed examination of Scalia's lamentation. A decidedly American philosophy, pragmatism
seeks what works. In that pursuit, its focus on the instrumental often privileges expediency over principle. For many human endeavors, finding
expedient resolutions simply

The Baltimore City Howard Street Tunnel Fire
The Baltimore City Howard Street Tunnel Fire and ICS
Paul H. Bilger Jr
American Military University/ American Public University System
Abstract
The Howard Street Tunnel fire that occurred on 18 July, 2001 was a serious emergency incident that had the potential to become a catastrophic
incident. On the day in question 10 cars out of a 60 car freight derailed causing a significant hazardous material spill, a subsequent fire, and a water
main bursting due to the heat. Since the incident involved multiple levels of agency response all three levels of government were involved, spending
around $12 million to clean up, and repair damage. Fortunately there were no fatalities, but a number of people were treated for numerous chemical
related afflictions at area hospitals. The city of Baltimore was mostly prepared for the incident, and quickly initiated the incident command system
(ICS) within minutes of arriving on the scene of the emergency. Despite being mostly prepared for the emergency there were several areas where
responding agencies could improve on.
Keywords: Howard Street Tunnel fire, hazardous material, Incident Command System, Incident Commander, Span of Command, Command and control
process The Howard Street Tunnel fire that occurred on July 18, 2001 was a serious emergency that required the participation of local, state, and
federal governments in order to properly respond to the incident. The accident occurred in the 1.7 mile tunnel that is located anywhere from

The Department Of Defense
Alex NovoaProfessor Guenther POS1041 04/05/2017 Department of Defense The Department of Defense also known as the "DoD" is an executive
branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the
government concerned directly with national security and the United States Armed Forces. Before being named the Department of Defense it was first
called the Department of War, which was that each branch was on its own. It had its own cabinet level secretary. It then changed to the DoD shortly
after WWII; to run the entire military to decrease political infighting. Each of the branch's individual secretaries now report to the Secretary of Defense.
The decision to unify... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of those high–ranking officials, civil and military are: the Secretary of the Army, Secretary of the Navy, and Secretary of the Air Force, Army
Chief of Staff, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Chief of Naval Operations, and Air Force Chief of Staff, Chief of the National Guard Bureau and the
Combatant Commanders of the Combatant Commands. All of these high–ranking positions, civil and military, require Senate confirmation. The
Department of Defense is composed of the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) and the Joint Staff (JS), Office
of the Inspector General (DODIG), the Combatant Commands, the Military Departments (Department of the Army (DA), Department of the Navy
(DON) & Department of the Air Force (DAF)), the Defense Agencies and DoD Field Activities, the National Guard Bureau (NGB), and such other
offices, agencies, activities, organizations, and commands established or designated by law, or by the President or by the Secretary of Defense. As the
head of the department, the Secretary of Defense is the chief witness for the

Cyber Security : Armed Forces Sub Unified Command Of America
CYBER SECURITY RESERVES
Unite state cyber reserve is armed forces sub–unified commands / commanded aiding Strategic Command of America . This command is stuated in
Maryland , its supposed to ensures that all cyberspace operations are centralized , Its also responsible for the organization of available cyber resources
and synchronizes defense of united states ' military networks . (Protect your workplace , report any abnormal behavior , activity , and cyber incidents .
(2006 ) [Washington , D . C . ] : United States Dept . of Homeland Security . )
MISSION
Directing the operations and protection of various information departments for the networks and to make sure that perform military cyberspace
operations fully to ensure there is some action in all domains to limit and control all U.S. affiliated cyberspace freedom .
ORGANIZATION
United states cyber security department established of a joint command subordinate to US Strategic Command and devoted to the cyber mission of
enhancing cyber security . US Cyber Command is headed by the director of Security in the whole country and promoted to the rank of " General " .
Perspectives on Building a Cyber Force hierarchical Structure , serving as the Director still , NSA and subordinate to the cyber security department ,
and Commander US Cyber Command and subordinate to the Commander US Strategic Command . In the latest structure , both the offense–size and
defensive international Network Operations . Organizations would be

War On Terror
This is an excerpt from a 20–page paper on "Africa Command and the War on Terror."
(Pages 1,2,7,15,16)
Introduction
Thesis: Since the 9/11 terrorists' attacks, terrorism has extended far beyond the United States and into other nations such as Africa. Even though these
acts of aggressions take place outside of the United States, the government should have the capability to counteract groups who engage in the terrorism
without fear of reprisal. Therefore, the establishment of a new Combatant Command for Africa (AFRICOM) should mark an important milestone in the
prevention of the terrorist attacks against the United States. Africa Command in partnership with African countries will help protect and defend the
national security interests of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
policymakers have devoted a significant amount of resources in recent years to study the strategic importance of Africa. They have noted Africa's
growing strategic importance to U.S. interests. Among those interests is the aggregate significance of Africa's natural resources, principally energy
capitals, and growing concerns over violent radical activities and other potential threats posed by under–governed spaces, such as maritime piracy and
illicit trafficking. In addition, there is an ongoing concern for Africa's many humanitarian crises, armed conflicts, and more everyday challenges that
undermine the stability of the African continent, such as the devastating effect of HIV/AIDS. The establishment of U.S. Africa Command in response
to these challenges correctly illustrated the strategic importance of Africa. Hence, by emphasizing the relationships between security, development,
diplomacy and prosperity in Africa, the Department of Defense (DoD) intends to better focus its resources on supporting and enhancing existing U.S.
initiatives to help African nations and the regional economic communities succeed. However, to accomplish this mission, the DoD must expand
AFRICOM's functions including its objectives and priorities beyond just military

War: Nature, Nature And Character Of War
Nature and Character of War The nature of war emphasized on the expansion of empires through invasion and occupation of new territories. France,
through the effort of King Louis XIV expanded its boundaries in the North America. Likewise, the unified Spain had notably expanded its influence in
other parts of Europe. In the Thirty YearsWar, most European powers became involved in different aspect of the struggle. The eccentricity of the
European war theater was characterized by the social and religious affiliation on one country over the other in forming coalition for a violent and total
clash of will against the other alliances of nations with different preferences. The total war describes a complete mobilization of nations' resources to
achieve the absolute destruction of enemy combatants and non–combatants. The decisive factor of who shall win the war is the nations' capability to
sustain their standing armies to maintain the aggression and annihilation of the opposing forces. France exemplified her capacity as a much richer
country than Spain which converted this potential into a real power. However, the war has generated an enormous cost of resources of the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sieges followed a prescribed pattern of events often undertaken in a very scientific manner. Vauban formalized different rules of siege warfare, drawing
up a time–frame for besieging forces to aim for. He synthesized the methods of attacking strong places through the introduction of systematic approach
by parallel series of trenches which remained the standard method of attacking fortress until the 20th century. With the advent of gunpowder, firearms
such as the arquebus and cannon eventually mortar and artillery were developed. These weapons proved so effective that fortifications had to be low
and thick as exemplified by the designs of

Cyber Warfare And Global Affairs
The rapid merging of telecommunications and digital infrastructure is extremely beneficial to limit human error, collect data, and create a more
interdependent world. However, this merge also poses threats on computers, servers, and even machinery. The influx of hackers and keyloggers are
taking advantage of our increasingly interdependent world can steal information. Even countries are using the cyber domain as a separate battlefield to
fulfill their missions and acquire information. Cyberwar is relatively a new term to describe: an Internet–based conflict involving politically motivated
attacks on information and information systems. But the definition is constantly evolving with time and the more knowledge the public acquires about...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before they are able to create these laws and regulations between countries there is a huge issue with classification. The problem with the issues that
result from cyber warfare, and hacking within the cyber realm is that there is confusion within the public. In regards to what cyber warfare means, and
what that means for society. To understand cyber warfare it is important to understand the distinction between a cyber attack and cyber warfare. A
cyber attack is within the cyber domain with an objective of data theft, pranks, etc. While cyber warfare is still within the cyber domain, (they coexist
in the same realm) but a cyber war is a state of armed conflict politically motivated with violent means – with violence, just like with regular conflict,
with the regular war itself. However, this area of cyber warfare is not something we can measure or separate like borders of a state because it is not
very tangible and it is a fairly new topic, so we don 't know the jurisdictions of it. There are so many questions regarding how to make sense of cyber
warfare and an even more confusing legal conceptual of a cyber war to fit into the established law of war.
Since the growing number of cyberattacks, the United States created a separate command called the Cyber Command on June 23, 2009. The secretary
of defense directed the commander of the US Strategic Command to establish a sub–unified command, US Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM). Full
Operational Capability

ND Summary
There is a cascade of departments influential informing planning. The National Defense Strategy (NDS) flows from the National Security Strategy
and informs the National Military Strategy and provides the foundation for the Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR). The QDR focuses DODs
strategies and capabilities and focuses on operations of today and tomorrow. The NDS provides the framework for DOD strategic guidance, deliberate
planning, force development and intelligence.16 Ch II 11–3 Strategic Direction and Joint operations. The Unified Command Plan (UCP) provides
guidance to all CCDRs. It establishes missions and responsibilities, addresses assignment of forces, defines geographic AORs for GCCs and specific
responsibilities for Functional Combatant... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Forces Planning continues with WARNORD, PLANORD and ALERTORD for crisis action planning while deliberate planning would plan for
apportioned in JSCP. With Planning Guidance the CJCS may issue a WARNORD for either, but deliberate planning may continue with JSCP.
Crisis action planning may plan from the WARNORD to the ALERTORD or PLANORD or may go to Time Phased Force and Deployment Data
(TPFDD) Letter of Instruction (LOI) to subordinate and supporting commands. Course of action (COA) is also escalated with crisis planning. The
CCDR develops the commander's estimate and recommended COA. With deliberate planning the CCDR selects COA and submits to the CJCS
for review and SECDEF approval. At the CONOPS level both are seeking approval of the SECDEF. The final planning, deliberate planning prepares a
campaign plan while crisis planning an OPORD is prepared. The final planning product approval the CCDR submits to CJCS for review of SECDEF in
both plans. Finally with crisis action plan the CJCS issues SECDEF approval for EXORD and the CCDR issues

Marine Expeditionary Unit Case Study
As the United States Marines Corps continues to push forward for new and innovative ways to continue to improve our amphibious capabilities,
Expeditionary Force 21 (EF 21) takes a progressive look at our forces and what is required to successfully conduct amphibious operations as we move
forward in an ever evolving environment with our littoral. This paper will compare the Expeditionary Force 21 vision against the future of the Marine
Expeditionary Unit (MEU) in the next 10 years, and how the MEU needs to evolve to meet the EF 21 concept. This will include adjusting the forward
posture, with an emphasis on naval integration and conducting security cooperation exercises. Further, it will cover enhancing the littoral maneuver
capacity of the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This pertains to Phase 0 planning, and the conduct of Theater Security Cooperation (TSC), which are "designed to ensure success by shaping
perceptions and influencing the behavior of both adversaries and partner nations, developing partner nation and friendly military capabilities for
self–defense and multinational operations, improving information exchange and intelligence sharing, and providing United States forces with
peacetime and contingency access."1 This is important as a more forward positioned force can support TSC exercises which continue to strengthen
relationships with our allies, and continue to build on partner nations and their capability. This allows for a greater understanding on how global
contingency operations will be conducted within a certain area of operation, and strengthen the command and control that will be needed. This
will require the Marine Corps to tailor its forward presence to support, with an emphasis on security cooperation and crisis response of the
SPMAGTF, and Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) command elements. The MEU can then mutually support TSC exercises under a MEB
command element, with additional enablers from within the Area of Responsibility (AOR) from the forward postured forces. A prime example is
the current integration of the Task Force 51/5th Marine Expeditionary Brigade (TF 51/5) located in Bahrain, and TF 51/5 serving as the Combined
Joint Task Force for exercise Eager Lion in Jordan, with 24 MEU supporting. The Naval integration allows for the integration of disparate assets
under a single command, which focuses the command and control in a single unified effort.2 Because the Navy and Marine Corps fall under a single
one star command, "TF 51/5 can

The Importance Of The AFRICOM Mission Statement
While working at the Africa Command (AFRICOM) as one of their staff officers, I have been tasked to justify three of our command's most important
priorities. These priorities need to support AFRICOM's current mission statement, give support to our commander's latest statements, inclusion into the
new President's National Security Strategy (NSS), and general enough to align with a national security policy. More importantly, they need to clearly
provide support to America's vital interests.
My top three priorities for AFRICOM are to train the African military personnel, bolster our intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR)
capabilities, and prevent expansion of terrorist groups. It is imperative to conduct these priorities in the order outlined above, because it is believed that
with proper training and ISR then our command can prevent terrorist groups from spreading further into fragile countries throughout Africa.
Importance to Commands Mission
First, we examine the AFRICOMs mission statement found on their web page under the About the Command section. The AFRICOM mission
statement is, "U.S. Africa Command, with partners, disrupts and neutralizes transnational threats, protects U.S. personnel and facilities, prevents and
mitigates conflict, and builds African partner defense capability and capacity in order to promote regional security, stability and prosperity" (About the
Command, 2016).
There are key words in the AFRICOMs mission statement that support our top three priorities listed previously. For example, the words partners and
builds apply to the training aspect of maintaining African defense. Within the mission statement, the words prevents and mitigates, pertain to the need
for ISR capabilities in the region. Finally, the only way to promote security, stability and prosperity for the African people is by training, ISR, and more
importantly preventing the expansion of terrorist groups. While those top three priorities standout in the AFRICOM mission statement, let's see if they
align with what AFICOMs combatant commander is saying publicly.
Combatant Commander's Statements A telephonic interview was conducted with the AFRICOM Commander General Waldhauser on April 20, 2017.
Below

Successes and Failures of Operation Odyssey Dawn (OOD) Essay
The case study and presentation used for this Joint Operations paper was about Operation Odyssey Dawn (OOD). I will describe two operational–level
successes and two failures experienced during the operation. I will offer clear proposals, that if implemented could have prevented those failures. One
of the operational–level successes during OOD was that the Libyan Integrated Air Defense System (IADS) was quickly degraded and an effective No
Fly Zone (NFZ) established. The second success was that maritime forces overcame logistics and target challenges in order to enforce the arms
embargo. Offering clear–cut proposals to help prevent some of the failures from occurring is not easy to identify when you consider the operation as a
whole.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
AFRICOM was not prepared or manned to do what they were being asked to do. As Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) Robert Gates stated, "AFRICOM
represents yet another important step in modernizing our defense arrangements in light of the twenty–first century realities. It is, at its heart, a different
kind of command with a different orientation... AFRICOM's mission is not to wage war, but to prevent it; not to show United States military
presence, but to enhance the security forces of our partners". What could have prevented this failure was for AFRICOM to be set up as a full GCC
capable of being able to complete kinetic operations, if needed. The second failure experienced during the operation was that AFRICOM did not have
a clear–cut end goal. Without a defined endstate for operations in Libya, AFRICOM was uncertain as to what resources it needed for operations. As
Clausewitz wrote, "No one starts a war–or rather no one in his senses ought to do so–without first being clear in his mind what he intends to achieve
by that war and how he intends to conduct it. The former is its political purpose; the latter is its operational objective." Even though he stated this
back in the 1800's, Clausewitz's point is still appropriate. I believe we were clear in our minds when the crisis started what our intentions were.
Because the on–going situation was changing at such a rapid pace there was no time to define a clear–cut end goal. This rapid shift in missions

Cybersecurity Essay
US Policy Formation on Cybersecurity
As the aforementioned economic sphere requires international cooperation, so does the military sphere, as cybersecurity attacks on military targets are
non–geographical. This causes territorial division of responsibility to wither in importance. The US must cooperate with foreign law enforcement
agencies to resolve cybersecurity concerns (Harknett & Stever, 2011, p. 456). Therefore, the US cannot rely solely on domestic policy formation to
address cybersecurity vulnerabilities.
As outlined by Lewis (2014), the design of the Internet reflects the spirit of the 1990s, which envisioned the collapse of the Soviet Union as a new
chapter in world order. It signalled a hope to the end of interstate conflicts, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They argued that if actors perceive the costs for achieving their objectives to be too high, this would be enough to dissuade them from pursuing them
(Harknett & Stever, 2011, p. 456). Furthermore, the Bush administration favoured employing a bottom–up policy approach, which was characterized by
emphasizing the importance of a public–private partnership pertaining to cybersecurity policy formation. This decision was explained by outlining that
"the majority of the country's cyber resources are controlled by entities outside of government" (2011, p. 456).
The Bush era policy begun with the issue of the National Strategy for Securing Cyberspace (NSSC) in 2003, which "identified the existence of
cyberthreats and called for a coordinated national effort to close vulnerabilities" (2011, p. 456). Other documents included the National Strategy for
Homeland Security (NSHS) in 2002, and the US National Security Strategy in 2002. In addition another document which addressed cybersecurity was
the National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) in 2006, which did not specifically categorize cybersecurity as a separate sector, but rather a
dimension of each specific outlined sector in the document, such as water, energy, agriculture, etc. This meant that each sector would need to develop
separate cybersecurity policies as related to that sector. This was a very fragmented approach, which prompted the need to amend

How The Army 's Move A New Construct On How It Trains And...
The Army is in a period of transitioning to a new construct on how it trains and employs Brigade Combat Teams (BCTs). This new idea is called
Regionally Aligned Forces (RAFs). The basic concept for RAFs is to align BCTs to a Combatant Commander (COCOM) for use as needed by
that COCOM. By being aligned to a COCOM, the BCT and its respective Soldiers will receive specific region cultural and language training and
also be provided specific training focus as determined by that COCOM. On a rotational basis units within those regionally aligned BCTs will
deploy to their designated region to support the COCOM and in return the unit and Soldiers receive invaluable experiences and realistic training.
This essay is to discuss how the Army's move to RAFs is a great strategic move for the Army on many fronts. Listed are a few of the fronts that the
transition to regionally aligned forces addresses. As the Army draws down its forces in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) it has to find ways to
remain relevant and useful in a time of budget reductions, smaller conflicts and greater uncertainty across the Department of Defense (DoD). With the
reduction in size of the Army and the contraction of forces stationed abroad, there needs to be a plan to address this cultural exposure our forces are
losing. In addition, the Army needs to preserve the lessons learned over a decade at war and not fall back into a garrison mindset where realistic
training becomes unrealistic and worthless.

The Comparisons Of Hurricane Katrina
"This government will learn the lessons of Hurricane Katrina. We are going to review every action and make necessary changes so that we are better
prepared for any challenge of nature, or act of evil men, that could threaten our people". – President George W. Bush, September 15, 2005
On august 29th, 2005, the United States gulf coast was struck by a category 5 hurricane. Hurricane Katrina shined a light on the need for a military
response plan to domestic natural disasters (Placeholder4). The road to recovery in the gulf started out rough to say the least because there were
obstacles ranging from lack of local resources to political differences between state and local government.
Regional Commands operating the Gulf Coast
The governors of the states of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana activated National Guard Bureau (NGB) as well as Kansas, Texas and
California for support (Placeholder4) (Placeholder5) (Placeholder6). The White House declared a state of emergency under the Stafford Act and
enabled NORTHCOM to deploy available active duty and reserve troops (Placeholder3). Joint Task Force (JTF)– Poncetrain, which was later renamed
JTF–Katrina, had been stood up in response to the state of emergency. This enabled a single command structure for military forces even though efforts
crossed state and political boundaries.
Military roles in responding to this natural disaster
The Army Corps of Engineers (COE) began their own operations with a three–pronged

Military Cyber: An Evolution In Command Relationships...
United States Cyber Command is less than four years old. The merger and stand down of the Joint Functional Component Command for Network
Warfare (JFCC–NW) and the Joint task Force for Global Network Operations (JTF–GNO) formed the bulk of the new organization. 9 This new
construct integrated offensive and defensive cyber capabilities in one organization resulting in efficient and effective planning and execution of
cyberspace operations. United States Cyber Command is tasked with operations to defend DOD information networks and to conduct full spectrum
military cyberspace operations across all domains. 10 United States Cyber Command is also tasked with ensuring US freedom of action in cyberspace
and denying freedom of actions to our... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Trying to fit global assets into a regional or geographic operational framework is not an easy task. War gaming and C2 exercises will help with this
evolution of thought and military theory. USCYBERCOM's centralized control of cyberspace operations does not give GCCs the desired seamless
integration of military cyber capabilities into theater planning and can adversely impact the synchronizations of actions across the area of
responsibility. Cyber forces OPCON is retained by the supporting commander, but the GCCs control the pace of cyberspace operations within their
area of responsibility (AOR). USCYBERCOM has the responsibility for determining priority in the application of forces. In other words GCCs may
be competing for the same resources. A regional commander needs at least shared control of enough combat power to get the job done.
USCYBERCOM recognizes the complexity and importance of command relationships concerning GCC cyber requirements. COCOMs are responsible
for fighting wars. They determine what training services must be conducted to provide the specialized and general purpose forces needed in theater.
Cyber support should not be treated differently. An alternative to the current relationship would be the establishment of a Joint Functional Cyber
Component Command. The JFCCC could be the next iteration of USCYBERCOM in the next Unified Command Plan or the JFCCC

USAFRICOM, ETF-TS
INFORMATION PAPER
1. SUBJECT: Information on the command relationships within USAFRICOM, CTF–T, and CJSOTF, CFLCC, CFMCC, CFACC, and CCMOTF.
2. PURPOSE: Explain to the J–3 'Who works for who?' and 'What are various commanders allowed/not allowed to do given the prescribed command
relationships?'.
5. KEY POINTS:
USAFRICOM – Geographic Combatant Command for most of the continent of Africa.
CTF–T – Combined Task Force Tunisia. A task force stood up by USAFRICOM commander in order to address the ongoing crisis in Tunisia.
USAFRICOM is COCOM to CTF–T
oUSAFRICOM has a COCOM with command authority and, based upon the COCOM designation and the referenced wire diagram, can exercise
command authority over CTF–T. Commander CTF–T ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The US Joint Force is optimized to conduct operations against the DPRK. They are manned, trained, and equipped to adequately respond to any real or
perceived threat. With more than 20,000 American troops ready to respond at any given moment and more than four million ROK soldiers ready to
take arms in the event of conflict, the Joint Force will have enough time to 'hold the line' until further reinforcements arrive, as necessary. Additionally,
with no less than two formal joint exercises held on the peninsula annually with the aim of defending the ROK from attack, the current forces based on
the peninsula are trained and prepared to fight. Finally, the current lay–down of forces includes troops from every major service within the United
States. This lay–down gives the CFC the flexibility he needs to conduct any scope of military operations necessary to protect the ROK and defend its
people. Conversely, if/when both peace and de–nuclearization occur between the DPRK and ROK then it would likely be prudent to re–address the
force structure, including the possibility of troop drawdown and US Joint Force

The Case For Steady State Operations
Embrace the Role
Most military members agree that being a leader means being "in charge" regardless of the situation. While this axiom may hold true during the joint
operation phases of "Seize the Initiative" or "Dominate", it is not the case for steady state operations with the IA. This axiom has become a caricature
of the DoD mindset in the minds of many civilian leaders. If military service members are to become more effective with IA coordination, they must
understand and appreciate three dynamics to steady state operations. First, the value that our partners bring to the fight . Second, that in the steady
state, DoD is not the lead agency. Third, with the overabundant emphasis of the topic in joint doctrine, most leaders ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A few typical underlying differences are based on their authorities, objectives, and decision making techniques. These differences account for their
operating styles of collaboration, cooperation, and/or coordination; styles that some DoD members have a difficulty in comprehending.
The DoD's most frequent steady state partner is the DoS. Furthermore, the Chief of Mission (COM) will have final say over almost every DoD
operation, activity or action. Below the national level, understanding the role of the COM and the DoS Regional Bureau will facilitate understanding
interaction between the diplomatic corps and the military.
The President of the United States (POTUS) issues a Letter of Instruction (LOI) to U.S. COMs that outlines the intent for in–country coordination. The
COM is identified as the focal point for coordinating executive branch activities within their country of responsibility. POTUS uses the LOI to set the
tone for the entire executive branch, as seen in the following declaration: "These instructions have been shared with relevant departments and agencies,
and I have directed that they give you their full cooperation." For the DoS, this means there is a synchronization responsibility to achieve a unity of
effort at the country–level. The DoD has to obtain permission to conduct steady state operations, because n the end, all USG activity is coordinated
through the

Defense Intelligence Agency: Are They Redundant?
American Military University
Defense Intelligence Agency: Are they Redundant?
Reinaldo Ortiz
Intelligence 301
Professor Robert Bier
September 7, 2014
Introduction The Defense Intelligence Agency is headquartered in Washington, D.C. on Joint Base Anacostia
–Bolling, with major operational
activities at the Pentagon, at each Unified Combatant Command, as well as in more than a hundred U.S. Embassies around the world, where it deploys
alongside other government partners (i.e. Central Intelligence Agency) and also operates the U.S. Defense AttachГ© Offices. Due to DIA's designation
as a combat support agency, the agency has special responsibilities in meeting intelligence requirements specifically for the Secretary of Defense and the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We deploy globally alongside war fighters and interagency partners to defend America's national security interests." [4] The Defense Intelligence
Agency is always represented no matter where the military presence is located. They work side by side with military soldiers ensuring assisting with
analysis and helping soldiers out in any way they are able to help out. The agency is often confused with law enforcement agencies, but they are not the
only agencies this occurs too. Other foreign intelligence organizations have the same issue as well. The Department of Defense (DoD) who is over the
Defense Intelligence Agency is in the public eye. Now that the public has much more awareness of their existence, the friction between the
organizations is more prominently. "Defense Intelligence Agency is an all–source defense agency designed to prevent strategic surprise and deliver a
decision advantage to war fighters, defense planners, and policymakers." [5] The agency has multiple roles they are responsible for. Some of those
roles include collection and analysis of defense–related foreign political, economic, industrial, geographic and medical and health intelligence. [6]
Being able to be aggressive during the collection process and being analytically precise, it provides an advantage when making tough decisions for
war fighters and the policymakers. This will allow the counter intelligence to be aggressive as well. By counter intelligence being aggressive

policymakers along with the war fighters will be confident that the right decisions are being made on time and producing results. This is a critical part
for the soldiers on the ground having to conduct these missions the Defense Intelligence Agency come up with and believe

Importance Of Command Relationship
Army Command Relationships
To understand command relationships one must first understand the organizational structure of the Armed forces leadership and key terms that
communicate authority and the relationships derived from the structured authority. In a post Katrina analysis of the military role in domestic
emergencies it is necessary to understand how the military command relationships delineate authority, responsibility, and accountability for force
protection and execution of the collective mission, by defining command, command relationships, and understanding the four levels of authority to
building efficient and effective organizations facilitating mission execution.
Command
Command is essential to all military action, and unity of command is significant to agreement of effort. Department of Defense units are structured
under the authority of one senior command element, which disseminates operational and mission guidance. Integral to military command is the
authority a military commander exercises over subordinates and assigned missions. The commander is ultimately accountable for successful completion
of all apportioned military missions, readiness of service members as well as the readiness of all assigned equipment. Commanders may assign a
designated representative, granting authority to act on behalf of the commander to accomplish assigned missions. However, according to the Joint
Chiefs of Staff Joint Publication 1–02 (2017) the delegation in no way remits

Military Command Relationships
Command Relationships Command relationships delineate authority, responsibility, and accountability for force protection and execution of the
collective mission, defining command relations, and understanding the four types of command relationships are essential to effective communications
and mission execution. To understand command relationships one must first understand the organizational structure of theArmed Forces Leadership and
key terms that communicate authority and the relationships derived from the structured authority. In a post Katrina analysis a breakdown of command
relationships revealed the need for centralized decision–making authority, and an understanding of the military role in domestic emergencies. In hind
sight it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In an analysis of the situation in the aftermath of Katrina, there is a clear delineation of authority, with the National Guard of individual states
remaining under state executive control of the Governor when not federalized (Tkacz, 2006). Understanding the progression of the levels of command
is paramount to understanding command interactions and how command elements are unified under one Senior Military Officer forming specific
operational command relationships.
Command Relationships
Command relationships preserve the preeminence of civil authorities in their domains of obligation while enabling the full utilization of military forces
as permitted by the United States Constitution, Congressional law, and Presidential directives (Joint Chiefs of Staff, 2013). All United States military
forces within respective branches operate under a single commander establishing a successive authority structure. Army command relationships define
superior and subordinate relationships between unit commanders. By stipulating a chain of command, command relationships amalgamates effort and
enable commanders to use subordinate forces with extreme flexibility. Army command relationships classify the level of control exerted on subordinate
organizations (U.S. Department of the Army, 2014).
The type of command relationship is designated by the estimated duration of

Modern Warfare
Modern warfare ranges from small to large campaigns with military fundamentals shaping the battlefield. However, none has a more significant value
as the Napoleonic eras. Although France is no longer a dominant power, its military fundamentals influence the United States (U.S.) military.
The U.S. military employs three Napoleonic era fundamentals of Command and Control (C2), professional military, and nationalism. These
fundamentals shape the U.S. military during peace and war. Maintaining peace and winning wars are important. To do that, large capable militaries are
required with C2 and Napoleon recognized this. Napoleon task organized the Army into Armies, Corps, Divisions, and Brigades, centralizing C2.
Napoleon's Supreme Command ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
CMTCs provided the foundation for CAM units deploying to a Full Spectrum of Operations battlefield.
Although conflicts tailor training, training is the number one reason the U.S. Army is successful. "Training is not something we do. It is what we
do!" A professional military is not successful as a nation of support. France experienced a revolution, one that brought change from mass politics to
mass warfare to Europe. Napoleon recognized this and "benefited from the transition from dynastic to national warfare. The French revolution had
realized the idea for the citizen Soldier, committed to the cause of the people, for which he fought. Napoleon exploited nationalism on his own troops,
rallying them to success." National success depends on every citizen. As the French Army mobilized, its citizens did, too. "Young men will go tobattle;
married men will forge arms and transport supplies; women will make tents, uniforms, and serve in hospitals; children will pick rags; old men will
have themselves carried to public squares to inspire the courage of the warriors, and to preach hatred of kings and the unity of the Republic."
Nationalism brought change to the world, as monarchies were overthrown and people governments formed. Although the U.S. formed prior to the
French Revolution, its Nationalism has been prevalent for over 200 years. National support defines U.S. military success, as it did for Napoleon. When
conflicts are imminent, the U.S. military mobilizes

Operation Urgent Fury Research Paper
November 2nd 1983 marked the official end of combat operations in Grenada. It was on this day that Admiral Wesley L. McDonald appointed
Major General Edward Trobaugh as the Commander of Combined Forces Grenada. Although combat operations had ceased, there was still a lot of
work required before Operation Urgent Fury would be complete. The 82nd Airborne Division, which peaked at 6000 Soldiers on November 3rd,
would not completely redeploy until the new Grenadian government was set up and operational. This task took exactly 48 days and the last unit from
the 82nd Airborne Division landed at Fort Bragg on 12 December 1983. During this time, Soldiers from the 82nd Airborne Division were responsible
for securing the captured enemy forces prior to returning them to Cuba and guarding both the Cuban and Soviet Embassies in an attempt to prevent the
missing Grenadian leaders... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Armed Forces Soldiers participated in Operation Urgent Fury alongside of 353 Caribbean allied Soldiers up against Grenadian Forces estimated to
give little opposition. The original intelligence estimates turned out to be incorrect, supplemented with Cuban Army the enemy force was much larger
and better equipped than originally thought. After the dust cleared, U.S. forces suffered 19 killed in action and 116 wounded in action. Enemy
casualties included 25 Cuban and 45 Grenadian forces killed in action, 59 Cuban and 358 Grenadian forces wounded in action, and 638 Cuban
Soldiers captured. Throughout the operation, coordination between joint forces was lacking to say the least. Each branch of service operated with its
own set of communication equipment, which resulted in ground units not being able to talk to each other. Examples of this are the accidental
bombing of a hospital located next to Fort Frederick resulting in the deaths of 18 civilian patients as well as the bombing of a Brigade headquarters of
the 82nd Airborne Division wounding 18

The United States ' War On Terror
After the 9/11 attacks in the United States, the War on Terror was the strategy that the Bush government developed with the aim to defeat the
organization that had accomplished this, Al Qaeda. The immediate response of the Bush Administration after the attack was the invasion of
Afghanistan, with the goal of eliminating and expel the targets that had made the country their sanctuary. This group was presented as the main threat
of the 21st century, and as the enemy at the global scale. However, the idea of the War on Terror did not employ only in the Afghan context, the Islamic
terrorist threat was spread through nine principal theatres . A new phenomenon had appeared in the international context, the Global Jihad , and the
terrorist... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was here that Galula implemented for the first time their knowledge of COIN.
Galula theory is based on the support of the population. This is divided between an active minority supporting the insurgency, an active minority who
would be willing to support the force or forces that promote measures COIN, and finally, a large majority of the population passive . The aim of
COIN operations would therefore gain the support of the active minority that is potentially in their favour, so that this in turn get mobilized the passive
majority of the population against the insurgent group. Besides military measures to reduce and eliminate the insurgent forces, for the author it is
essential to isolate the population of these groups, in order to avoid a possible mobilization of the same against the interests of the COIN. This will
require removing the alleged political organization that insurgent groups have developed in that area, and replace it forces an interim basis to ensure
the necessary services in the area, and thus add up support within the local population.
The Global Jihad was materialized as the 21st century phenomenon, and its understanding by academics has been controversial. Two main features can
be identified, the insurgent character of its strategy, and the transnational element of the organization. An insurgent movement is understood as

United States Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM)
A brief description of the business you are choosing.
I am choosing a government agency for my project, specifically, the United States Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM). On June 23, 2009, the
Secretary of Defense directed the creation of USCYBERCOM and in 2010 USCYBERCOM reached full operational capability becoming the most
recent sub–unified command to be developed in the United States in 50 years, the last being the United States Special Forces Command. I was one of
the first military members assigned to the new command and have continued to support the command today. According to the U.S Strategic Command,
"the USCYBERCOM the plans, coordinates, integrates, synchronizes and conducts activities to: direct the operations and defense of specified
Department of Defense information networks and; prepare to, and when ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those three missions are
Defend DoD networks, systems, and information
Defend the U.S. homeland and U.S. national interests against cyber attacks of significant consequence
Provide cyber support to military operational and contingency plans
My project will be a case study on how effective the USCYBERCOM has been in supporting the DoD Cyber Strategy, specifically exploring how the
organization has developed and adjusted to the cyber battlefield. Additionally, I will explore what U.S can expect from the USCYBERCOM now that
the organization has just recently been elevated combatant command, which comes with the responsibilities of managing its forces, being prepared to
conduct operations during crises, and for training and equipping cyber forces.
Your reason for choosing this project. For example, what problem exists within the organization that you feel needs to be solved, or what question do
you have about the organization that you want to

Pacific Command Cyber Attack
In the organization (O) area, the constant evolution of cyber threats and technologies in telecommunications imposes a permanent risk by exploiting the
configuration of the joint and coalition forces. A constant update of the procedures results necessary as part of the adaptation of the cyber warriors to
the changing environment. When the fast dynamic of the situation increases the risk to the mission, unity of effort may be achieved through effective
coordination, exchange of liaisons, and interoperable communications and/or common operating systems. In the training (T) and personnel (P) areas,
the specialized cyber warriors are becoming a scarce resource due to the competition with the private sector, where the cyber–attacks affects big... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The JIE considers that the future security environment will continue to feature a range of adversaries attempting to shape political behavior by
conducting damaging or disruptive cyber–attacks. This is a consequence of the globalization and cannot be stopped, however timely contention is
needed. The Joint Force must minimize the consequences of threatened or successful cyberattacks against the United States, its allies, and partners by
conducting Military Support to Cyber

F108 Managing Army Change Summary Review Notes
F108 Managing Army Change Summary Review Welcome to the review of the lessons that compose the F100 block. This review is organized by
lessons F101 through F107. F101, Strategic Change F102, Developing Army Organizational Capability F103, Total Army Analysis (TAA) and
Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) F104, Developing Materiel Capabilities (Acquisition) F105, Manning the Army F106,
Army Force Generation F107, Operational Contract Support There are no specific reading requirements unique to this lesson; we assume that you have
read all the reading assignments pertaining to each individual lesson. F101 Strategic Change During this lesson, you were introduced to the strategic
agencies and the force management processes... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Army emphasis during Phase 1 is to analyze the capability gap from their DOTMLPF perspectives and to further refine concep Phase 2: Design
Organizations. The Design Organizations phase analyzes the proposed organization for doctrinal correctness. Phase 3: Develop Organizational Models.
Phase 3 of the Army Force Development Model transitions organizational development responsibilities from the TRADO Phase 4: Determine
Organizational Authorizations. This phase is the analysis stage for determining the Army force structure "mix" or how organizations (resourc Phase 5:
Document Organizational Authorizations. This process results in the generation of organizational authorizations documented as modification tables of
o F103 Total Army Analysis (TAA) and Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPB During this lesson, you continued to focus on the
key agencies and major force management processes used in developing warfighting capability provided to combatant comm Force Management
DOD PPBE PPBE is the DOD 's primary resource management system. PPBE ties together strategy, programs, and resources. It makes and captures
decisions and is a decision support system for modernization, readiness, force structure, etc. Its purpose is to produce a plan, program, and a defense
budget that is strategy

Operation Hucky Case Study
Operation HUSKY was a dismal display of mission command and integration at the operational level. GEN Eisenhower's unwillingness to get involved
in the planning and execution led to a lack of understanding and mistrust among subordinate leaders ultimately allowing German forces to evacuate to
Italy. This essay will evaluate mission command by examining first Eisenhower's leadership, or lack thereof, and the resultant lack of involvement by
his ground commander, GEN Alexander. Resultantly, the two subordinate commanders, Patton and Montgomery, developed their own uncoordinated
maneuvers. The essay will apply the joint attributes of commander's intent, mutual trust and understanding as evaluation criteria to analyze the impacts
of poor mission... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This fault rests with GEN Eisenhower, himself. Although HUSKY provided both positive and negative examples of fires integration, the individual
service commanders were the ones who actually determined the level of cooperation. The Navy provided integrated fire support; the Air Forces did
not. Naval gunfire supported U.S. beach landings allowing the Americans to get their Sherman tanks ashore and also proved necessary in helping to
repel the Axis counterattack at Gela. Later, Patten primarily employed naval gunfire to support his advance along the northern coast to Messina.
Similarly, British forces also relied heavily on naval gunfire. When they began to maneuver west away from the coast line, the XXXth Corps moved
beyond the range of the naval gunfire and was unable to get air support in its place. One of the reasons ground forces relied so heavily on the Navy
was out of necessity– Allied air forces refused to relegate themselves to a supporting role. Air Marshal Coningham "established a cumbersome and
unresponsive system" that failed to provide air support to ground and naval operations. Although Allied air forces had air superiority, Coningham's
refusal to subordinate his forces in support of another service allowed Axis aircraft to operate unopposed against the allied ground forces during much
of the operation. One of the few times the air forces did provide support, they were unable to

The Most Important Lessons For Military Leaders Essay
"War is merely the continuation of policy by other means." Thus, in the sense of Clausewitz, national military objectives have to derive from national
policy. The 2015 NMS identifies three National Military Objectives with an integrated approach: "to deter, deny, and defeat state adversaries; to
disrupt, degrade, and defeat Violent Extremist Organizations (VEOs); and to strengthen our global network of allies and partners." The most important
lessons for military leaders for achieving these three military objectives are: how to adhere and adjust the right cause in the realm of Just War Theory
before going to war; prepare for the full spectrum of 21st warfare – from humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operation over counterinsurgency
and hybrid warfare to high end war against a state–on–state adversary. This wicked problem, to prepare for every imaginable scenario with decreasing
resources and overall strength, has to be solved by US armed forces, because the political leadership gave it this task. This paper will focus on the most
likely future scenarios for US military missions in the near future and provide lessons and recommendations to be successful. Therefore, a short
overview of the hierarchical structure of US security documents has to be addressed to understand the three military objectives in the context of
political objectives. Afterward, three case studies will present the most important lessons for the most likely scenarios of the near future: First,

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