The document describes a gesture controlled robot that can be operated wirelessly through hand gestures detected by sensors in a glove. The robot uses an accelerometer and wireless transmission modules to receive gesture commands from the glove and control motors to move in the corresponding directions. It aims to allow intuitive control of the robot without remote controls. The methodology discusses the wireless transmission between the glove and robot, including radio frequency transmission and reception modules, and a microcontroller that interprets the commands and controls motors through an motor driver circuit. The scope outlines several potential applications of gesture controlled robots, such as for disabled users, industrial tasks, and entertainment.
This project presents one of the solutions among various others, for operating a computer using hand gestures. It is one of the easiest ways of interaction between human and computer. It is a cost effective model which is only based on Arduino UNO and ultrasonic sensor. The python IDE allows a seamless integration with Arduino UNO in order to achieve different processing and controlling method for creating new gesture control solution.
Project Report on Hand gesture controlled robot part 2Pragya
A gesture is a form of non-verbal communication in which visible bodily actions
communicate particular messages, either in place of speech or together and in parallel
with words. Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other parts of the body.
Gestures differ from physical non-verbal communication that does not communicate
specific messages, such as purely expressive displays, proxemics, or displays of joint
attention. Gestures allow individuals to communicate a variety of feelings and
thoughts, from contempt and hostility to approval and affection, often together with
body language in addition towards when they speak.
Gesture Controlled Robot is a robot which can be controlled by simple gestures. The
user just needs to wear a gesture device which includes a sensor. The sensor will
record the movement of hand in a specific direction which will result in the
movement of the robot in the respective direction. The robot and the Gesture device
are connected wirelessly via radio waves. The wireless communication enables the
user to interact with the robot in a more friendly way.
For more assistance, mail me at pragyakulshresth@gmail.com
ACCELEROMETER BASED HAND GESTURE CONTROLLED ROBOT USING ARDUINOSnehasis Mondal
WORKING ARDUINO CODE:
/* * Gesture Recognition Robot * Coder – Raj,Rajib,Saity,Snehasis * This program lets you to control your robot with gesture made by your hand */ int GNDPin=A4; //Set Analog pin 4 as GND int VccPin=A5; //Set Analog pin 5 as VCC int xPin=A3; //X axis input int yPin=A2; //Y axis input int zPin=A1; //Z axis input(not used) int Q1=10,Q2=11,Q3=12,Q4=13; //Output pins to be connected to 10, 11, 12, 13 of Decoder IC long x; //Variabe for storing X coordinates long y; //Variabe for storing Y coordinates long z; //Variabe for storing Z coordinates void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(Q1,OUTPUT); pinMode(Q2,OUTPUT); pinMode(Q3,OUTPUT); pinMode(Q4,OUTPUT); pinMode(GNDPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(VccPin, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(GNDPin, LOW); //Set A4 pin LOW digitalWrite(VccPin, HIGH); //Set A5 pin HIGH } void loop() { x = analogRead(xPin); //Reads X coordinates y = analogRead(yPin); //Reads Y coordinates z = analogRead(zPin); //Reads Z coordinates (Not Used) if(x<340) // Change the value for adjusting sensitivity forward(); else if(x>400) // Change the value for adjusting sensitivity backward(); else if(y>400) // Change the value for adjusting sensitivity right(); else if(y<340) // Change the value for adjusting sensitivity left(); else stop_(); } void stop_() { Serial.println(""); Serial.println("STOP"); digitalWrite(Q1,LOW); digitalWrite(Q2,LOW); digitalWrite(Q3,LOW); digitalWrite(Q4,LOW); } void forward() { Serial.println(""); Serial.println("Forward");
digitalWrite(Q1,HIGH); digitalWrite(Q2,LOW); digitalWrite(Q3,HIGH); digitalWrite(Q4,LOW); } void backward() { Serial.println(""); Serial.println("Backward"); digitalWrite(Q1,LOW); digitalWrite(Q2,HIGH); digitalWrite(Q3,LOW); digitalWrite(Q4,HIGH); } void left() { Serial.println(""); Serial.println("Left"); digitalWrite(Q1,LOW); digitalWrite(Q2,HIGH); digitalWrite(Q3,HIGH); digitalWrite(Q4,LOW); } void right() { Serial.println(""); Serial.println("Right"); digitalWrite(Q1,HIGH); digitalWrite(Q2,LOW); digitalWrite(Q3,LOW); digitalWrite(Q4,HIGH); }
According to the World Federation of the Deaf, only 10 percent of the worlds Deaf population receives any education, and only 3 percent receives this education in sign language. Another problem these deaf and face is inability to communicate with a person who does not understand the sign language. This project aims to reduce these problems by presenting a Sign Language. The project uses a hepatic glove to acquire signals corresponding to various hand gestures. The glove is interfaced with robot using an Arduino. Accelerometers are used to measure the angular displacement of human hand motion .The accelerometer controls the movement of the robot. Device is made of mainly two parts, one is RF transmitter and another is RF receiver. The RF transmitter will transmit the signal according to the position of accelerometer attached on your hand and the RF receiver will receive the signal and make the robot move in respective direction. Deepanshu Kiran | Himanshu Singh | Kushal Kant Singh Saxeriya ""Gesture Control Robot using Arduino"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23411.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/23411/gesture-control-robot-using-arduino/deepanshu-kiran
This project presents one of the solutions among various others, for operating a computer using hand gestures. It is one of the easiest ways of interaction between human and computer. It is a cost effective model which is only based on Arduino UNO and ultrasonic sensor. The python IDE allows a seamless integration with Arduino UNO in order to achieve different processing and controlling method for creating new gesture control solution.
Project Report on Hand gesture controlled robot part 2Pragya
A gesture is a form of non-verbal communication in which visible bodily actions
communicate particular messages, either in place of speech or together and in parallel
with words. Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other parts of the body.
Gestures differ from physical non-verbal communication that does not communicate
specific messages, such as purely expressive displays, proxemics, or displays of joint
attention. Gestures allow individuals to communicate a variety of feelings and
thoughts, from contempt and hostility to approval and affection, often together with
body language in addition towards when they speak.
Gesture Controlled Robot is a robot which can be controlled by simple gestures. The
user just needs to wear a gesture device which includes a sensor. The sensor will
record the movement of hand in a specific direction which will result in the
movement of the robot in the respective direction. The robot and the Gesture device
are connected wirelessly via radio waves. The wireless communication enables the
user to interact with the robot in a more friendly way.
For more assistance, mail me at pragyakulshresth@gmail.com
ACCELEROMETER BASED HAND GESTURE CONTROLLED ROBOT USING ARDUINOSnehasis Mondal
WORKING ARDUINO CODE:
/* * Gesture Recognition Robot * Coder – Raj,Rajib,Saity,Snehasis * This program lets you to control your robot with gesture made by your hand */ int GNDPin=A4; //Set Analog pin 4 as GND int VccPin=A5; //Set Analog pin 5 as VCC int xPin=A3; //X axis input int yPin=A2; //Y axis input int zPin=A1; //Z axis input(not used) int Q1=10,Q2=11,Q3=12,Q4=13; //Output pins to be connected to 10, 11, 12, 13 of Decoder IC long x; //Variabe for storing X coordinates long y; //Variabe for storing Y coordinates long z; //Variabe for storing Z coordinates void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(Q1,OUTPUT); pinMode(Q2,OUTPUT); pinMode(Q3,OUTPUT); pinMode(Q4,OUTPUT); pinMode(GNDPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(VccPin, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(GNDPin, LOW); //Set A4 pin LOW digitalWrite(VccPin, HIGH); //Set A5 pin HIGH } void loop() { x = analogRead(xPin); //Reads X coordinates y = analogRead(yPin); //Reads Y coordinates z = analogRead(zPin); //Reads Z coordinates (Not Used) if(x<340) // Change the value for adjusting sensitivity forward(); else if(x>400) // Change the value for adjusting sensitivity backward(); else if(y>400) // Change the value for adjusting sensitivity right(); else if(y<340) // Change the value for adjusting sensitivity left(); else stop_(); } void stop_() { Serial.println(""); Serial.println("STOP"); digitalWrite(Q1,LOW); digitalWrite(Q2,LOW); digitalWrite(Q3,LOW); digitalWrite(Q4,LOW); } void forward() { Serial.println(""); Serial.println("Forward");
digitalWrite(Q1,HIGH); digitalWrite(Q2,LOW); digitalWrite(Q3,HIGH); digitalWrite(Q4,LOW); } void backward() { Serial.println(""); Serial.println("Backward"); digitalWrite(Q1,LOW); digitalWrite(Q2,HIGH); digitalWrite(Q3,LOW); digitalWrite(Q4,HIGH); } void left() { Serial.println(""); Serial.println("Left"); digitalWrite(Q1,LOW); digitalWrite(Q2,HIGH); digitalWrite(Q3,HIGH); digitalWrite(Q4,LOW); } void right() { Serial.println(""); Serial.println("Right"); digitalWrite(Q1,HIGH); digitalWrite(Q2,LOW); digitalWrite(Q3,LOW); digitalWrite(Q4,HIGH); }
According to the World Federation of the Deaf, only 10 percent of the worlds Deaf population receives any education, and only 3 percent receives this education in sign language. Another problem these deaf and face is inability to communicate with a person who does not understand the sign language. This project aims to reduce these problems by presenting a Sign Language. The project uses a hepatic glove to acquire signals corresponding to various hand gestures. The glove is interfaced with robot using an Arduino. Accelerometers are used to measure the angular displacement of human hand motion .The accelerometer controls the movement of the robot. Device is made of mainly two parts, one is RF transmitter and another is RF receiver. The RF transmitter will transmit the signal according to the position of accelerometer attached on your hand and the RF receiver will receive the signal and make the robot move in respective direction. Deepanshu Kiran | Himanshu Singh | Kushal Kant Singh Saxeriya ""Gesture Control Robot using Arduino"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23411.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/23411/gesture-control-robot-using-arduino/deepanshu-kiran
Project Report on Hand gesture controlled robot part 1Pragya
A gesture is a form of non-verbal communication in which visible bodily actions
communicate particular messages, either in place of speech or together and in parallel
with words. Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other parts of the body.
Gestures differ from physical non-verbal communication that does not communicate
specific messages, such as purely expressive displays, proxemics, or displays of joint
attention. Gestures allow individuals to communicate a variety of feelings and
thoughts, from contempt and hostility to approval and affection, often together with
body language in addition towards when they speak.
Gesture Controlled Robot is a robot which can be controlled by simple gestures. The
user just needs to wear a gesture device which includes a sensor. The sensor will
record the movement of hand in a specific direction which will result in the
movement of the robot in the respective direction. The robot and the Gesture device
are connected wirelessly via radio waves. The wireless communication enables the
user to interact with the robot in a more friendly way.
For more assistance, mail me at pragyakulshresth@gmail.com
India's greatest threat is the safety of its women. Women do not feel safe in a variety of situations. This needs to be addressed as quickly as feasible. Technology evolves and develops on a daily basis, affecting how people live. As a result, the focus of this article is on modernising the technological framework in order to strengthen women's safety mechanisms. We introduce a new security method in this study to protect women during unusual behaviours. A new security technique based on a patrolling robot using the Raspberry Pi has been proposed. In this case, a night vision camera can be employed to secure any location. Various machine learning methods are applied to improve the classifier's accuracy. The findings suggest that the suggested method outperforms existing methods.
Blind Stick Using Ultrasonic Sensor with Voice announcement and GPS trackingvivatechijri
for blind individuals. Basically, the ultrasonic detector is enforced within the walking stick for detection the obstacles ahead of the blind/impaired persons. If there are any obstacles, it'll alert the blind man to avoid that obstacles and therefore the alert in Our project proposes a low-priced walking stick supported latest technology and a brand-new implementation are created for economical interface the shape of voice announcement and buzzer to form a lot of helpful the stick is additionally mounted with the water detector that detects and alerts the blind if any wetness content is present to avoid slippery methods. Daily in several aspects so as to produce versatile and safe movement for the individuals. During this technology driven world, wherever individuals try to measure severally, this project propose a low-priced stick for blind individuals to achieve personal independence, in order that they will move from one place to a different simply and safely. A conveyable stick is style and developed that detects the obstacles within the path of the blind using sensors. The buzzer and vibration motor are activated once any obstacle is detected. Additionally, the stick is provided with GPS and SMS message system. GPS system give the knowledge relating to the situation of the blind man using the stick with his relations. SMS system is employed by the blind to send SMS message to the saved numbers within the microcontroller just in case of emergency.
Gesture recognition is a topic in computer science and language technology with the goal of interpreting human gestures via mathematical algorithms. Gestures can originate from any bodily motion or state but commonly originate from the face or hand.
VSP will end the physical dependency of the mobile phone. VSP provides novel interaction method to seamlessly communicate with each other in a fun and intuitive way.
Internet of Things Based Women Tracking and Security with Auto-Defender Systemrahulmonikasharma
In worldwide situation, the prime inquiry in each woman mind is about her safety and the badgering issues. Women everywhere throughout the world are confronting much deceptive physical provocation. The main idea frequenting each woman is the point at which they will have the capability to move frankly in the city even in odd hours without stressing over their security. Our task is a dare to determine this issue. This paper describes about a smart intelligent security system for women. This venture concentrates on a security for women so they will never feel vulnerable. The system comprises of different modules such as GPS receiver, shock circuit, buzzer, spray mechanism, Webcam, pulse rate sensor, Raspberry pi-3 module. Today there are many cases which are going on about women all over in the world. It was high time where women required a change. This task depends on women security where women feel ensured. This venture portrays about safety electronic system for women, worked out in the open transport vehicles such as, car, buses and auto-rickshaws as these days women are being at molested, kidnapped and badgering by the drivers. In each field there is an uncommon effect of women like games, dance, training, business, in legislative issues moreover. Women are driving in each field. The question arises that, Are the women in India are extremely secured? Always get the solution No. Henceforth executed Internet of Things based women tracking and security with auto-defender system which is interfaced with Raspberry pi 3 board that will track the location of the women also will auto defend in bad situation.
Project Report on Hand gesture controlled robot part 1Pragya
A gesture is a form of non-verbal communication in which visible bodily actions
communicate particular messages, either in place of speech or together and in parallel
with words. Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other parts of the body.
Gestures differ from physical non-verbal communication that does not communicate
specific messages, such as purely expressive displays, proxemics, or displays of joint
attention. Gestures allow individuals to communicate a variety of feelings and
thoughts, from contempt and hostility to approval and affection, often together with
body language in addition towards when they speak.
Gesture Controlled Robot is a robot which can be controlled by simple gestures. The
user just needs to wear a gesture device which includes a sensor. The sensor will
record the movement of hand in a specific direction which will result in the
movement of the robot in the respective direction. The robot and the Gesture device
are connected wirelessly via radio waves. The wireless communication enables the
user to interact with the robot in a more friendly way.
For more assistance, mail me at pragyakulshresth@gmail.com
India's greatest threat is the safety of its women. Women do not feel safe in a variety of situations. This needs to be addressed as quickly as feasible. Technology evolves and develops on a daily basis, affecting how people live. As a result, the focus of this article is on modernising the technological framework in order to strengthen women's safety mechanisms. We introduce a new security method in this study to protect women during unusual behaviours. A new security technique based on a patrolling robot using the Raspberry Pi has been proposed. In this case, a night vision camera can be employed to secure any location. Various machine learning methods are applied to improve the classifier's accuracy. The findings suggest that the suggested method outperforms existing methods.
Blind Stick Using Ultrasonic Sensor with Voice announcement and GPS trackingvivatechijri
for blind individuals. Basically, the ultrasonic detector is enforced within the walking stick for detection the obstacles ahead of the blind/impaired persons. If there are any obstacles, it'll alert the blind man to avoid that obstacles and therefore the alert in Our project proposes a low-priced walking stick supported latest technology and a brand-new implementation are created for economical interface the shape of voice announcement and buzzer to form a lot of helpful the stick is additionally mounted with the water detector that detects and alerts the blind if any wetness content is present to avoid slippery methods. Daily in several aspects so as to produce versatile and safe movement for the individuals. During this technology driven world, wherever individuals try to measure severally, this project propose a low-priced stick for blind individuals to achieve personal independence, in order that they will move from one place to a different simply and safely. A conveyable stick is style and developed that detects the obstacles within the path of the blind using sensors. The buzzer and vibration motor are activated once any obstacle is detected. Additionally, the stick is provided with GPS and SMS message system. GPS system give the knowledge relating to the situation of the blind man using the stick with his relations. SMS system is employed by the blind to send SMS message to the saved numbers within the microcontroller just in case of emergency.
Gesture recognition is a topic in computer science and language technology with the goal of interpreting human gestures via mathematical algorithms. Gestures can originate from any bodily motion or state but commonly originate from the face or hand.
VSP will end the physical dependency of the mobile phone. VSP provides novel interaction method to seamlessly communicate with each other in a fun and intuitive way.
Internet of Things Based Women Tracking and Security with Auto-Defender Systemrahulmonikasharma
In worldwide situation, the prime inquiry in each woman mind is about her safety and the badgering issues. Women everywhere throughout the world are confronting much deceptive physical provocation. The main idea frequenting each woman is the point at which they will have the capability to move frankly in the city even in odd hours without stressing over their security. Our task is a dare to determine this issue. This paper describes about a smart intelligent security system for women. This venture concentrates on a security for women so they will never feel vulnerable. The system comprises of different modules such as GPS receiver, shock circuit, buzzer, spray mechanism, Webcam, pulse rate sensor, Raspberry pi-3 module. Today there are many cases which are going on about women all over in the world. It was high time where women required a change. This task depends on women security where women feel ensured. This venture portrays about safety electronic system for women, worked out in the open transport vehicles such as, car, buses and auto-rickshaws as these days women are being at molested, kidnapped and badgering by the drivers. In each field there is an uncommon effect of women like games, dance, training, business, in legislative issues moreover. Women are driving in each field. The question arises that, Are the women in India are extremely secured? Always get the solution No. Henceforth executed Internet of Things based women tracking and security with auto-defender system which is interfaced with Raspberry pi 3 board that will track the location of the women also will auto defend in bad situation.
Technology, is today, imbibed for accomplishment of several tasks of varied complexity, in almost all walks of life. The society as a whole is exquisitely dependent on science and technology. Technology has played a very significant role in improving the quality of life. One way through which this is done is by automating several tasks using complex logic to simplify the work.Gesture recognition has been a research area which received much attention from many research communities such as human computer interaction and image processing The keyboard and mouse are currently the main interfaces between man and computer. In other areas where 3D information is required, such as computer games, robotics and design, other mechanical devices such as roller-balls, joysticks and data-gloves are used. The main motto of this project is to make robot realize the human gesture, thereby it bridge the gap between robot and human. Human gesture enhances human-robot interaction by making it independent from input devices. Robotic system can be controlled manually, or it may be autonomous. Robotic hand can be controlled remotely by hand gesture. Research in this field has taken place, sensing hand movements and controlling robotic arm has been developed.
This slide gives the brief introduction regarding IOT(Internet OF Things)and further gives the information regarding different stages of development models of the robotic systems, and further gives the glimpse of how voice controlled robotic vehicle works and the technologies that could be implemented to it.
Hand movement controlled robotic vehicle which can be controlled by simple gestures. The user just needs to wear a gesture device which includes a sensor. The sensor will record the movement of hand in a specific direction which will result in the movement of the robot in the respective direction. The robot and the Gesture device are connected wirelessly via radio waves. The wireless communication enables the user to interact with the robot in a more friendly way.
Smart phone based robotic control for surveillance applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract The robotics and automation industry which is ruled the sectors from manufacturing to household entertainments. It is widely used because of its simplicity and ability to modify to meet changes of needs. The project is designed to develop a robotic vehicle using android application for remote operation attached with wireless camera for monitoring purpose. The robot along with camera can wirelessly transmit real time video with night vision capabilities. This is kind of robot can be helpful for spying purpose in war fields. Keywords: Android, Robot, Bluetooth, Robotic control
Smart phone based robotic control for surveillance applicationseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Material Handling Robot For Smart Manufacturing in Industriesdbpublications
Abstract—Material Handling Robo’s are mechanically controlled devices designed to replicate the movement of a human arm. The devices are used for lifting heavy objects and carrying out tasks that require extreme concentration and expert accuracy.In this highly developing society; time and man power are critical constrains for completion of task in large scales. the automation is playing important role to save human efforts in most of the regular and frequently carried works e.g. most of the industrial jobs like welding, painting, assembly, container filling etc. one of the major and most commonly performed work is picking and placing of jobs from source to destination. For this purpose, We intend to design a prototype based robo using pick and place mechanism.Material Selection is done using RFID Technology.The Material Handling Robot is a microcontroller based mechatronic system that detects the object based on the instruction given by the RFID Reader, picks that object automatically from source location and places at desired location.A mechanical gripper is robotic, usually programmable, with similar functions to a human arm.Thus designing a Material Handling Robo most often can be used for industrial and nonindustrial purposes.
Harmony between society and personality, and its influence on the phenomenon ...SubmissionResearchpa
This article deals with the phenomenon of happiness as a socio-anthropological phenomenon that requires consideration in harmony between social reality and a person, society and personality with their dreams, desires, experiences and ideas. A person, although he thinks about happiness alone, although he considers happiness as a phenomenon that concerns only his life, this does not mean that happiness manifests itself according to his absolute will and absolutely touches and obeys his desires. Society influences the happy or unhappy life of a person not only by established rules, but also by careful contributions and traditions by Eshonkulova Nurjakhon Abdujabborovna 2020. Harmony between society and personality, and its influence on the phenomenon of happiness. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 87-88. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.925 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/925/873 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/925
Establishment of the Institute and Waqf aspects of its development in Central...SubmissionResearchpa
The article describes the essence of waqf institution and some aspects of its development in Central Asia. The importance of the endowment institution not only as a philanthropist, but also as a social institution that embodies many functions in society is highlighted by Nargiza Ismatova 2020. Establishment of the Institute and Waqf aspects of its development in Central Asia (until the second half of the 19th century). International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 71-75. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.916 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/916/864 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/916
The history of the Kokand Khanate in the press of Turkestan (According to Sut...SubmissionResearchpa
Suttorkhon Abdulgafforov's book "A Brief Essay on the Internal Situation of the Kokand Khanate Before the Russian Invasion", published in the Turkestan press, provides valuable information on the history of Kokand. In particular, it reflects governance, traditional education, the judicial system and the military situation in the last days of the khanate by Rakhimjanova Nigora Kudratillaevna 2020. The history of the Kokand Khanate in the press of Turkestan (According to Suttorkhon Abdulgafforov). International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 68-70. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.915 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/915/863 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/915
Of partial defects of the dental rows of dynamic study of the state of the mu...SubmissionResearchpa
Despite the rapid development of dentistry and advances in the prevention of diseases of the maxillofacial region, implantology, and the treatment of dental diseases, the number of patients who need prosthetics with removable orthopedic structures of dentures remains high, and only increases with age, due to the increasing rate of aging. society of the planet (M.Yu. Ogorodnikov, 2007; V.I.Shemonaev, 2012; E.S. Kalivradzhiyan, 2013; E.A.Zholudev, 2014; CE. Bragin, 2014; L.D. Veisheim, 2014). Among the reasons for the high demand for orthopedic treatment with removable dentures, the leading position is still held by insufficient sanitation of the oral cavity, untimely access of patients to the dentist. In addition, an important role is played by the problem of imperfection of materials and technologies used for the manufacture of dentures, leading to a deterioration in the condition of the dentition by A.Kh. Zhumaev 2020. Of partial defects of the dental rows of dynamic study of the state of the mucosa of the oral cavity in the new conditions of functioning. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 61-63. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.913 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/913/861 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/913
The essence and specifics of modern social and cultural activities in Karakal...SubmissionResearchpa
Socio-cultural activity as a process of active development, dissemination and creation of cultural values is ultimately focused on the formation of the cultural environment of human life, the elaboration of mechanisms for its socialization, enculturation and self-realization, the creation of methodological directions for the development of spiritual interests and requirements of people in order to realize the essential forces and capabilities of each person by Ahimbetova Gulbahar Kanatbaevna 2020. The essence and specifics of modern social and cultural activities in Karakalpakstan. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 56-60. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.912 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/912/860 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/912
International commercial arbitration in Uzbekistan: current state and develop...SubmissionResearchpa
This article is devoted to a number of issues relating to the functioning of international commercial arbitration as a non-State mechanism for the settlement of international commercial disputes in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In article also found a brief introduction on the history of arbitration in Uzbekistan since its independence. Special attention is paid to the rules introduced since the entry into force of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On international commercial arbitration”. Moreover, the author highlights some problematic issues and inconsistencies that exist in the legislation on legal proceedings in arbitration courts. The author also addresses several issues regarding the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards by Ziyoda Boratova 2020. International commercial arbitration in Uzbekistan: current state and development prospects . International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 47-49. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.911 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/911/859 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/911
Obtaining higher fatty alcohols based on low molecular polyethylene and their...SubmissionResearchpa
One of the ways to change the physicochemical properties of diesel fuels is to add so-called additives to it. The purpose of this work is to obtain higher fatty alcohols and the use of qualitatively new imported - substituted additives, synthesized on the basis of the use of local secondary raw materials, which is increases their efficiency by Fozilov Hasan Sadriddin Ugli 2020. Obtaining higher fatty alcohols based on low molecular polyethylene and their useage as lubricating additives for diesel fuels. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 44-46. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.910 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/910/858 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/910
Re-positioning adult education for development to thrive in NigeriaSubmissionResearchpa
The paper examines adult education practice in agriculture-led development strategy from pedagogical perspective. The paper believes that adult education has the potentialities for development but argues that there are missing elements in the adult education practice that are critical if sustained agricultural growth will be achieved. Instead of andragogy, transformative learning and liberatory method should be embraced. Also, instead of focusing on scientific knowledge systems alone, indigenous practices should be encouraged by Ephraim Wordu 2020. Re-positioning adult education for development to thrive in Nigeria . International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 1-6. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.902 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/902/853 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/902
This study examines adult basic education in the 21st century world. The study identifies a new paradigm in response to global changes particularly concerning employment. Preparation for additional training as the basis for basic education for adults in the 21st century. The study also indicates that there is relationship between literacy, environment and development by Ephraim Wordu 2020. Re-thinking adult basic education in the 21st century . International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 227-230. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.1041. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/1041/989 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/1041
This article provides valuable information about the genres of Uyghur folk singing. The article also provides a detailed overview of the Uyghur musical heritage, which speaks to the ancient history of Uygur music culture. by Muyassarkhon Achildiyeva and Dilafruz Madalieva 2020. Uyghur folk singing genre. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Dec. 2020), 222-226. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.923. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/923/871 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/923
The term cerebral palsy has been around for more than a century, and the disease itself has probably existed without a name throughout human history. However, despite its long history, there is still no unity in views on this issue. by O. E. Idiev 2020. Infantile cerebral palsy and dental anomalies. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Dec. 2020), 212-215. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.921. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/921/869 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/921
An innovative mechanisms to increase the effectiveness of independent educati...SubmissionResearchpa
This article provides recommendations for the organization of methodological services based on innovative approaches that affect the quality of education in general and special education institutions. by Mahmudova Madinahon Sobirkhonovna 2020. An innovative mechanisms to increase the effectiveness of independent education of future defectologists. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Dec. 2020), 210-211. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.920. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/920/868 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/920
The role of radiation diagnostic methods in pathological changes of the hip j...SubmissionResearchpa
Endoprosthesis replacement-operational treatment of diseases and damages of hip joint. The problem of prevention of complications and their negative effects is extremely actual today. However the role of different beam techniques in identification of adverse effects and complications of endoprosthesis replacement of joints is studied insufficiently. Results of clinic and diagnostic and beam researches of 40 patients with pathology of hip joint are analyzed. The used beam methods of research - roentgenography, multispiral computed tomography. At presurgical stage the main objective was detection of pathology of joint, definition of indications and planning of operative measure. Situation and relationship of components of endoprosthesis, condition of bone tissue, and also bone cement round cup and leg of prosthesis were key parameters of radiological assessment of outcomes of endoprosthesis replacement. Complex use of radiological techniques (roentgenography and spiral computed tomography) allows to specify and add semiotics of changes of bone tissue at the level of acetabular hollow and proximal department of femur after endoprosthesis replacement. by Janibekov J. J 2020. The role of radiation diagnostic methods in pathological changes of the hip joint before and after endoprosthetics. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Dec. 2020), 203-205. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.918. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/918/866 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/918
Proverbs are one of the oldest popular genres of Uzbek folklore, which reflects the worldview, attitude to society and moral norms of the people. In this article, spiritual and idealistic features of proverbs are elucidated and salient examples from masterpieces are given. by Kodirova Saodat Abdurakhimovna 2020. Idealistic study of proverbs. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 201-202. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.888. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/888/843 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/888
Positive and negative features of mythological images in the epics “Beowulf” ...SubmissionResearchpa
At the time of what is considered primitive today, our ancestors were a hundred times more poets than we are. Thousands of years ago, the way of thinking of our ancestors was in the form of “poetic observation”: they accepted their life and everything in nature as a symbol of their imaginary concepts. At that time it was understood that the sky, water, greenery, sun, moon, light and darkness had a soul; the day was replaced by night, and the struggle between good and evil was thought to be over. by More Citation Formats https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/887/842 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/887
This article discusses theoretical considerations about the production and sale process in the automotive industry. On this way, the way makes analyses both theorirical and practical analyses as the whole. In conlcusion, this makes emphesis on outcomes and shortcomings of the processes of production and implementation. by Nabiev Muzaffar Abdumalikovich 2020. Special three processes of production and implementation. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 190-191. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.885. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/885/841 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/885
This research corresponds to the priority of the development of science and technology of the republic. "Spiritual and moral, cultural development of a democratic and legal society, the formation of an innovative economy." The research is carried out within the framework of the research plan of the Navoi State Pedagogical Institute. The main results of the study will be tested in the activities of pedagogical institutes, including students of Navoi State Pedagogical Institute, as well as in the 1st academic lyceum in Navoi and the 2nd academic lyceum under Navoi State Mining Institute. by Usmonova Lola Mallaevna 2020. Improving traditional methods of teaching chemistry. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 187-190. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.883. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/883/840 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/883
The artistic interpretation of the human spirit in a work of art is analyzed on the example of the works of later years. The article focuses on the analysis of the heartache, the contradictions in the inner world, based on the story of the fugitive Norqobil, which describes the realities of the Afghan war. During the analysis, the influence of time and environment on the occurrence of conflicts in the human heart was highlighted. by Nasirov Azimiddin Normamatovich 2020. Expression of spiritual experiences in art. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 181-182. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.881. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/881/838 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/881
Natural disasters are casualties that occur outside of human consciousness and activity. They can occur quickly or gradually. These are events that end with the disappearance. Natural disasters: landslides, floods, strong winds, fires, droughts, landslides, avalanches, rain. Some natural emergencies lead to the development of man-made emergencies. The causes of earthquakes are divided into: - Tectonic earthquakes; - volcanic earthquake; by Ravshanova Inoyatkhon Erkinovna and Shermatova Yoqutkhon Sobirovna 2020. Natural emergencies. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 170-171. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.878. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/878/835 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/878
Due to intolerance of dental materials used for therapeutic treatmentSubmissionResearchpa
Long-term clinical observations show that widely used dentures made of metals and their alloys are not indifferent, cause a number of diseases of the oral mucosa, and have social and medical consequences in the form of intolerance to dental prosthesis materials[1,2]. Currently, ceramic materials, plastics, stainless steels, cobalt-chromium, silver-palladium alloys, gold-based alloys, platinum, etc. are used for orthopedic treatment. these alloys include the following metals: iron, chromium, Nickel, titanium, manganese, silicon, molybdenum, cobalt, palladium, zinc, silver, gold, etc. Signs of intolerance may occur when placing dentures and filling materials in the oral cavity. Intolerance to prosthetic materials can be caused by different reasons that have different mechanisms of pathology development. Solving problems with intolerance to dental materials in each patient requires analysis together with a dentist, an immunologist, and an immunological laboratory [1-4]. by O. A. Razhabov, Khaуitova M. A and Usmonov N. U. 2020. Due to intolerance of dental materials used for therapeutic treatment. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 160-162. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.876. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/876/833 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/876
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
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GESTURE CONTROLLED ROBOT
Mr. Juber Salgar1
, Mr. Siddharam Kol2
i, Prof. Manasi kulkarni3
1,2
Student, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,
S.V.S.M.D’s KKI polytechnic, Akkalkot, Solapur, Maharashtra, India, 3Lecturer, Department of
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, S.V.S.M.D’s KKI polytechnic, Akkalkot, Solapur,
Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT:
Gesture Controlled Car is a robot which can be controlled by simple human gestures. The user just needs to
wear a gesture device in which a sensor is included. The sensor will record the movement of hand in a
specific direction which will result in the motion of the robot in the respective directions. The robot and the
Gesture instrument are connected wirelessly through radio waves. User can interact with the robot in a more
friendly way due to the wireless communication. We can control the car using accelerometer sensors
connected to a hand glove. The sensors are intended to replace the remote control that is generally used to
run the car. It will allow user to control the forward, backward, leftward and rightward movements, while
using the same accelerometer sensor to control the throttle of the car. Movement of car is controlled by the
differential mechanism. The mechanism involves the rotation of both forth & rear wheels of left or right side
to move in the anticlockwise direction and the other pair to rotate in the clockwise direction which makes
the car to rotate about its own axis without any kind of forward or backward motion. The main advantage of
this mechanism is the car with this mechanism can take sharp turn without any difficulty. The design and
implementation of a gesture control robotic arm using flex sensor is proposed. The robotic arm is designed
in such a way that it consists of four movable fingers, each with three linkages, an opposing thumb, a
rotating wrist and an elbow. The robotic arm is made to imitate the human hand movements using a hand
glove.
Keywords: Robotic Arm, Flex Sensor, Wireless Module, Accelerometer
1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, robotics are becoming one of the most advanced in the field of technology. A Robot is an
electro-mechanical system that is operated by a computer program. Robots can be autonomous or semi-
autonomous. An autonomous robot is not controlled by human and acts on its own decision by sensing its
environment. Majority of the industrial robots are autonomous as they are required to operate at high speed
and with great accuracy. But some applications require semi-autonomous or human controlled robots. Some
of the most commonly used control systems are voice recognition, tactile or touch controlled and motion
controlled. A Gesture Controlled robot is a kind of robot which can be controlled by your hand gestures not
by old buttons. You just need to wear a small transmitting device in your hand which included an
acceleration meter. This will transmit an appropriate command to the robot so that it can do whatever we
want. The transmitting device included a ADC for analog to digital conversion and an encoder IC(HT12E)
which is use to encode the four bit data and then it will transmit by an RF Transmitter module. At the
receiving end an RF Receiver module receives the encoded data and decodes it by and decoder IC (HT12D).
This data is then processed by a microcontroller and finally our motor driver to control the motors. Now its
time to break the task in different module's to make the task easy and simple any project become easy or
error free if it is done in different modules. As our project is already divided into two different part
transmitter and receiver. The applications of robotics mainly involve in automobiles, medical, construction,
defense and also used as a fire fighting robot to help the people from the fire accident. But, controlling the
robot with a remote or a switch is quite complicated. So, a new project is developed that is, an accelerometer
based gesture control robot. The main goal of this project is to control the movement of the robot with hand
gesture using accelerometer. The robot is usually an electro-mechanical machine that can perform tasks
automatically. Some robots require some degree of guidance, which may be done using a remote control or
with a computer interface. Robots can be autonomous, semi-autonomous or remotely controlled. Robots
have evolved so much and are capable of mimicking humans that they seem to have a mind of their own.
1.1Problem statement
The traditional wired buttons controlled robot becomes very bulgy and it also limits the distance the robot
goes. The Wireless Hand controlled Robot will function by a wearable hand glove from which the
movements of the hand can be used as the input for the movement of the robot. The basic idea of our project
is to develop a system (Robot) which can recognize the Human Interaction with it to accomplish the certain
tasks assigned to it. In our project we will design a wearable Hand Glove which will contain the sensors
mounted on it to capture the movement of the hand and convert the raw mechanical data into electrical form.
This data will be further processed and converted into an understandable format for the lily pad mounted on
the Glove. This lily pad will act as a transmitter of the data for wireless communication purpose. Once the
transmitted data is received by the receiver module which will be connected to the Microcontroller, it will be
processed and further sent to the Microcontroller. Microcontroller will deduce the commands and
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accordingly it will actuate the motor drivers to control the Motors for various tasks on the robot.
1.2. Objective
The aim of the project is to develop a human machine interface used for control robot arm. Our objective is
to make this device simple as well as cheap so it can be produced and used for number of purposes. The
objective of this project is to build a car that can be controlled by gesture wirelessly. In this project user is
also able to control motions of the car by wearing controller glove and performing predefined gestures. This
can be also used in many potential applications such as wireless controller car racing etc.
1.2. Scope
• Wireless controlled robots are very useful in many applications like remote surveillance, military
etc.
• Hand gesture controlled robot can be used by physically challenged in wheelchairs.
• Hand gesture controlled industrial grade robotic arms can be developed.
• Entertainment applications – Most videogames today are played either on game consoles, arcade
units or PCs, and all require a combination of input devices. Gesture recognition can be used to truly
immerse a players in the game world like never before.
• Automation systems – In homes, offices, transport vehicles and more, gesture recognition can be
incorporated to greatly increase usability and reduce the resources necessary to create primary or secondary
input systems like remote controls, car entertainment systems with buttons or similar.
• An easier life for the disabled – One of the biggest challenges faced today is providing separate and
equally non cumbersome services to the differently abled and handicapped. While there are special
provisions around the world, there’s still huge room for improvement to bring all lives on equal footing.
Gesture recognition technology can eliminate a lot of manual labor and make life much easier for those who
aren’t as fortunate as most of us are.
These are just a handful of the places and situations in which gesture recognition technology can be
implemented, and as is evident, can totally change the way we interact with the world around us, not only at
home, but in commercial venues as well. In fact, a South African company had come up with an innovative
machine placed at the Tambo International Airport that detected travelers who yawned or looked sleepy and
dispensed free cups of coffee. Although it used only basic facial and gesture recognition technology, it is
nonetheless an interesting look into what can be done with this technology. Currently, there aren’t too many
gesture recognition applications available for public use, but interestingly, despite its potential for real world
applications, gesture recognition technology is actually dominated by the videogame industry. Electronics
giants Microsoft and Sony, makers of the Xbox and PlayStation line of consoles respectively, have
incorporated gesture recognition to an extent into their entertainment systems, via extra hardware. Called
‘Kinect’ in the case of Microsoft and the ‘PlayStation Eye/Camera’ in the case of Sony, these amazing
devices bring us one step closer to the future. While Microsoft in 2014 has gone ahead and included the
Kinect 2.0 camera with the Xbox One, their latest gaming console and made gesture and voice control an
integral part of it, Sony has left the PlayStation Camera as an accessory for the PlayStation 4, instead
focusing on traditional input methods.
So far you came to know about Hand Gesture Controlled Robot that completely moves according to
moments of your hand (sign of input to the device).
1.3. Methodology
Methodology for communication signal Transmitter Module
An RF transmitter module is a small PCB i.e., printed circuit board sub-assembly capable of transmitting a
radio wave and modulating that wave to carry data. Transmitter modules are usually implemented alongside
a micro controller which will provide data to the module which is transmitted. RF transmitters are usually
subject to regulatory requirements which dictate the maximum allowable transmitter power output,
harmonics and band edge requirement.
Receiver modules
An RF Receiver module RF433-RX is 433 MHz radio receiver receives the modulated RF signal, and then it
demodulates. There are two types of RF receiver module. Super-regenerative modules are usually of low
cost and low power designs using a series of amplifiers use to extract modulated data from a carrier wave.
Super-regenerative modules are generally imprecise as their frequency of operation varies in a fair amount
with temperature and power supply voltage. Super heterodyne receivers having a performance advantage
over super-regenerative; they offer increased an accuracy and stability over a large voltage and temperature
range. This stability comes from a fixed crystal design which in turn leads to a comparatively more
expensive product. Radio receiver which receives the transmitted coded from the remote place these codes
are converted to digital format and output is available to the pin
no 2 of the ic2 master microcontroller; this is the pin of inbuilt art of the microcontroller. We Based on the
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input codes master will give command to slave microcontroller and robot will behave as follows.
• Moves in forward direction
• Moves in reverse direction,
• Speed controls in both the direction
• It can even turn left or right while moving forward or in reverse direction.
• In case of bump, moves reverse turn left or right and wail for the next instruction.
• On the spot left or right turn to pass through the narrow space
• We have also added head light, back light and turning lights to left a right.
Methodology for Motion Control
L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC). Motor drivers act as current amplifiers as they
take a low-current control signal and provide a higher-current signal. This higher current signal is used to
drive the motors. L293D contains two inbuilt H-bridge driver circuits. In common mode of operation, two
DC motors can be driven simultaneously, both in forward and reverse direction. The motor operations of
two motors can be controlled by input logic. When an enable input is high, the associated driver gets
enabled. As a result, the outputs become active and work in phase with their inputs. Similarly, when the
enable input is low, that driver is disabled, and their outputs are off and in the high-impedance state. This
project controls a remote robot through RF. The ordinary 433 MHz RF modules are used in this project.
AT89C51 microcontroller is used in this project.
This robot can perform their operations without direct human guidance. They are used basically for
industrial applications and can be made laser guided. Navigation is achieved by one of the several means,
including following a path defined by buried inductive wires, surface mounted magnetic or optical strips; or
alternatively by the way of laser guidance. This is an improved version of my previous robot which we
designed years ago. Intelligent spy robot project has been designed for the spying purpose .it is radio
controlled and can be operated at a radial distance of 100m radius. Most probably our army youth need to
venture into the enemy area just to track their activities.
Which is often a very risky job and may cost precious life? Such dangerous job could be done using small
spy robot all the developed and advance nations are in the process of making it, a robot that can fight against
enemy. Our robot us just a step towards similar activity.
This robot is radio operated which is, self-powered, and has all the controls like a normal car. A laser gun
has been installed on it so that it can fire on enemy remotely whenever required; this is not possible until a
wireless camera is installed. Wireless camera will send real time video and audio signals which could be
seen on a remote monitor and 224 actions can be taken accordingly. Being in size small of it, will not be
tracked by enemy on his radar. Robot silently enter into enemy canopy or tent and send us all the
information through its’ tiny camera eyes. It can also be used for suicide attack, if required. Heart of our
robot is microcontroller 8051 family, we are using at89C51 in two microcontrollers where first
microcontroller which acts as master controller, decodes all the commands received from the transmitter and
give commands to slave microcontroller. Slave microcontroller is responsible for executing all the
commands received from the master and also generating pulse width modulation pulses for the speed control
driver circuit which drives 4 nos. of motors. Two no bumper switch is added bmp 1 and bmp2 so that in case
of accident our battery dose not drains out.
Both the motors will stop instantly and after few second robots will move in opposite direction take turn to
left or right direction and stops and stop. Navigation and Dead Reckoning, Tilt Compensation in inertial
sensors, 3D-Gaming. Transmitter receives serial data and transmits it wirelessly through RF through its
antenna connected at pin4. The transmission occurs at the rate of 1Kbps- 10Kbps. The transmitted data is
received by an RF receiver operating at the same frequency as that of the transmitted.
Transmission through RF (Radio frequency) is better than IR (infrared) because of many reasons. Firstly,
signals through RF can travel through larger distances making it suitable for long range applications. Also,
while IR mostly operates in line Of sight mode, RF signals can travel even when there is an obstruction
between transmitter & receiver. Next, RF transmission is more strong and reliable than IR transmission. RF
communication uses a specific frequency unlike IR signals which are affected by other IR emitting sources.
This RF module comprises of an RF Transmitter and an RF Receiver. The transmitter/receiver (TX/RX) pair
operates at a frequency of 433MHz an RF transmitter receives serial data and transmits it wirelessly through
RF through its antenna connected at pin4. The transmission occurs at the rate of 1Kbps-10Kbps. The
transmitted data is received by an RF receiver operating at the same frequency as that of the transmitter.
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Fig.1.0 Movement Signs
1. LITERATURE REVIEW
Moniruzzaman Bhuiyan and Rich Picking in Centre for Applied Internet Research (CAIR),
Glyndŵr University, and Wrexham, UK, proposed a review of the history of Gesture controlled user
interface (GCUI), and identifies trends in technology, application and usability. Their findings conclude
that GCUI [1] affords realistic opportunities for specific application areas, and especially for users who are
uncomfortable with more commonly used input devices. They have tried collated chronographic research
information which covers the past 30years. They investigated different types of gestures, its users,
applications, technology, issues addressed, results and interfaces from existing research. They consider the
next direction of gesture controlled user interfaces as rich user interface using gestures seems appropriate
for current and future ubiquitous and ambient devices. Moniruzzaman Bhuiyan, Rich Picking of Institute
of Information technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Centre for Applied Internet
Research, Glyndwr University, Wrexham, United Kingdom on September 2011 in Journal of Software
Engineering and to meet the challenges of ubiquitous computing, ambient technologies and an increasingly
older population, researchers have been trying to break away from traditional modes of interaction. A
history of studies over the past 30 years reported in this paper suggests that Gesture Controlled User
Interfaces (GCUI) now provide realistic and affordable opportunities, which may be appropriate for older
and disabled people. They have developed a GCUI prototype application, called Open Gesture, to help users
carry out everyday activities such as making phone calls, controlling their television and performing
mathematical calculations. Open Gesture uses simple hand gestures to perform a diverse range of tasks via
a television interface. They describe Open Gesture and report its usability evaluation. They conclude that
this inclusive technology offers some potential to improve the independence and quality of life of older and
disabled users along with general users, although there remain significant challenges to be overcome.
Stefan Waldherr, Roseli Romero, Sebastian Thrun describes a gesture interface for the control of a mobile
robot equipped with a manipulator. The interface uses a camera to track a person and recognize gestures
involving arm motion. A fast, adaptive tracking algorithm enables the robot to track and follow a person
reliably through office environments with changing lighting conditions. Two alternative methods for
gesture recognition are compared: a template based approach and a neural network approach. Both are
combined with the Viterbi algorithm for the recognition of gestures defined through arm motion (in
addition to static arm poses). Results are reported in the context of an interactive clean-up task, where a
person guides the robot to specific locations that need to be cleaned and instructs the robot to pick up trash.
2. SIMULATION WORK
3.1. RF pair
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Fig.2.0 Picture of Object
A gesture controlled robot is controlled by using hand in place of any other method like buttons or
joystick. Here one only needs to move hand to control the robot. A transmitting device is used in your
hand which contains RF Transmitter and accelerometer. This will transmit command to robot so that it
can do the required task like moving forward, reverse, turning left, turning right and stop. All these
tasks will be performed by using hand gesture.
Here the most important component is accelerometer. Accelerometer is a 3 axis acceleration
measurement device with +-3g range. This device is made by using polysilicon surface sensor and
signal conditioning circuit to measure acceleration. The outputof this device is Analog in nature and
proportional to the acceleration. This device measures the static acceleration of gravity when we tilt it.
And gives a result in form of motion or vibration.
According to the datasheet of adxl335 polysilicon surface-micro machined structure placed on
top of silicon wafer. Polysilicon springs suspend the structure over the surface of the wafer and provide a
resistance against acceleration forces. Deflection of the structure is measured using a differential capacitor
which incorporates independent fixed plates and plates attached to the moving mass. The fixed plates are
driven by 180° out-of-phase square waves. Acceleration deflects the moving mass and unbalances the
differential capacitor resulting in a sensor output whose amplitude is proportional to acceleration. Phase-
sensitive demodulation techniques are then used to determine the magnitude and direction of acceleration.
Fig.3.0 accelerometer
Pin Description of accelerometer
1. VCC 5 volt supply should connect at this pin.
2. X-OUT This pin gives an Analog output in x direction
3. Y-OUT This pin give an Analog Output in y direction
4. Z-OUT This pin gives an Analog Output in z direction
5. GND Ground
6. ST This pin used for set sensitivity of sensor
3.2.Circuit Diagram and Explanation
Gesture Controlled Robot is divided into two sections:
1. Transmitter part
2. Receiver part
In transmitter part an accelerometer and a RF transmitter unit is used. As we have already
discussed that accelerometer gives an analog output so here we need to convert this analog data in to
digital. For this purpose we have used 4 channel comparator circuits in place of any ADC. By setting
reference voltage we gets a digital signal and then apply this signal to HT12E encoder to encode data or
converting it into serial form and then send this data by using RF transmitter into the environment. At the
receiver end we have used RF receiver to receive data and then applied to HT12D decoder. This decoder
IC converts received serial data to parallel and then read by using Arduino. According to received data we
drive robot by using two DC motor in forward, reverse, left, right and stop direction.
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3.3. Working of Model
Gesture controlled robot moves according to hand movement as we place transmitter in our
hand. When we tilt hand in front side, robot start to moving forward and continues moving forward until
next command is given. When we tilt hand in backward side, robot change its state and start moving in
backwards direction until other command is given. When we tilt it in left side Robot get turn left till next
command. When we tilt hand in right side robot turned to right. And for stopping robot we keeps hand in
stable.
Fig.4.0 Transmitter
3.4. Receiver circuit.
Fig. 5.0 Receiver Circuit
3. This transmitted signal is received by the RF receiver, demodulated and then passed onto the decoder IC.
The decoder IC decodes the coded waveform and the original data bits are recovered. The input is a serial
coded modulated waveform while the output is parallel. The pin 17 of the decoder IC is the Valid
Transmission (VT) pin. A led can be connected to this pin which will indicate the status of the transmission.
In the case of a successful transmission, the led will blink. The parallel data from the encoder is fed to the
port 1of the microcontroller. This data is in the form of bits. The microcontroller reads these bits and takes
decisions on the basis of these bits. What the microcontroller does is, it compares the input bits with the
coded bits which are burnt into the program memory of the microcontroller and outputs on the basis of these
bits. Port 2 of the microcontroller is used as the output port. Output bits from this port are forwarded to the
motor driver IC which drives the motors in a special configuration .Gesture controlled robot works on the
principle of accelerometer which records hand movements and sends that data to the comparator which
assigns proper voltage levels to the recorded movements. That information is then transferred to an encoder
which makes it ready for RF transmission. On the receiving end, the information is received wirelessly via
RF, decoded and then passed onto the microcontroller which takes various decisions based on the received
information. These decisions are passed to the motor driver IC which triggers the motors in different
configurations to make the robot move in a specific direction. Task was divided into two parts to make the
task easy and simple and to avoid complexity and make it error free. The first is the CONCLUSION
The purpose of project is to control a toy car using accelerometer sensors attached to a hand
glove. The sensors are intended to replace the remote control that is generally used to run the car. It will
allow us to control the forward and backward, and left and right movements, while using the same
accelerometer sensor to control the throttle of the car. Based on the hand movements. By using the above
mentioned components the hardware was setup, thus resulting in the formation of a robot. In order to
implement the experiment a Dell laptop was used, whose web camera acted as the input device for
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capturing the video. The software part was developed in Java for image processing wherein the hand
gestures were analyzed to extract the actual direction. Eclipse Ide was used for developing the java code.
The direction thus identified was send as characters to the robot with the help of ZigBee. XBee S2 version
of ZigBee was used for enabling the communication. The final movement of the robot can be concluded as
follows: At the beginning the robot was in a stop mode. As the hand moved from bottom to top, the robot
moved in the forward direction. As the hand moved from top to bottom, the robot moved in the backward
direction. As the hand was shown as an acute angle towards the left, the robot moved towards the left
direction. As the hand was shown as an acute angle towards the right, the robot moved towards the right
direction. As the hand is kept stationary with respect to the environment, the robot was in the stop mode.
From the experiment, about 80% of the implementation worked according; the remaining was less due to
background interference which is a negative marking to the implementation. Hand Gesture Controlled
Robot System gives a more natural way of controlling devices. The command for the robot to navigate in
specific direction in the environment is based on technique of hand gestures provided by the user. Without
using any external hardware support for gesture input unlike specified existing system, user can control a
robot from his software stationtransmitting section which includes the following components:
Accelerometer, encoder IC, RF Transmitter Module. The second is the receiving end which
comprises of following main components: RF Receiver Module, Decoder IC, Microcontroller, Motor
Driver IC, and DC Motors. The accelerometer records the hand
movements in the X and Y directions only and outputs constant analog voltage levels. These voltages
are fed to the microcontroller which processes the input and encodes the data into digital form which is
suitable to be transmitted through the XBee serial transmitter. Circuit for this hand gesture controlled
robot is quite simple. As shown in above schematic diagrams, a RF pair is used for communication and
connected with Arduino. Motor driver is connected to Arduino to run the robot. Motor driver’s input
pin 2, 7, 10 and 15 is connected to Arduino digital pin number 6, 5, 4 and 3 respectively. Here we have
used two DC motors to drive robot in which one motor is connected at output pin of motor driver 3 and
6 and another motor is connected at 11 and 14. A 9 volt Battery is also used to power the motor driver
for driving motors
4. FUTURE SCOPE
1) The on board batteries occupy a lot of space and are also quite heavy. We can either use some alternate
power source for the batteries or replace the current DC Motors with ones which require less power.
2) The proposed system is applicable in hazardous environment where a camera can be attached to the robot
and can be viewed by the user who is in his station. This system can also be employed in medical field
where miniature robot are created that can help doctors for efficient surgery operations For more efficient
response, threshold values can be used to detect gesture and advanced features such as finger counts that
provide different functional commands can be used.
3) Entertainment applications – Most videogames today are played either on game consoles, arcade units or
PCs, and all require a combination of input devices. Gesture recognition can be used to truly immerse a
player in the game world like never before.
4) Automation systems – In homes, offices, transport vehicles and more, gesture recognition can be
incorporated to greatly increase usability and reduce the resources necessary to create primary or
secondary input systems like remote controls, car entertainment systems with buttons or similar.
References:
[1] Nitin and Naresh, “Gesture Controlled Robot PPT”, URL Available
[http://seminarprojects.com/s/hand-gesturecontrolled-robot- ppt
[2] Naveet Kumar, Neeraj Purohit, “GestureControlled Tank Toy User
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[3] Guide” URL Available [http://www.slideshare.net/neeraj18290/wireless-gesturecontrolled-
tank-toy-transmitter] Accessed 13 October 2013.
[4] Jochen Triesch and Christoph Von Der Malsburg “Robotic
Gesture Recognition (1997)”URL Available
[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.37.5427] Accessed 15 October 2013.
[5] “Real-Time Robotic Hand Control Using Hand Gestures” by Jagdish Lal Raheja, Radhey Shyam, G.
Arun Rajsekhar and P. Bhanu Prasad.
[6] Bhosale Prasad S., Bunage Yogesh B. and Shinde Swapnil V. “Hand Gesture Controlled Robot” URL
Available
[7] [http://www.engineersgarage.com/contribution/accelero meter-based-hand-gesture-controlled-robot]
Accessed 3 November, 2013.
[8] [http://www.robotplatform.com/howto/L293/motor_driver_1.html] Accessed 5 November, 2013.
[9] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesture_interface]Accessed 5 November, 2013.
[10] [http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-gear-motor.htm] Accessed 6 November, 2013.
[11] [http://www.scribd.com/doc/98400320/InTech-RealTime-Robotic-Hand-Control-Using-Hand-
Gestures]Accessed 6
[12] November, 2013.
[13]