The document discusses causes of intolerance to dental materials used in orthopedic treatment. It outlines several reasons for intolerance, including reactions to metals like nickel, cobalt, and chromium in prosthetics, poor oral hygiene, and galvanism from electrochemical interactions between dissimilar metals. Symptoms of intolerance include irritation, swelling, and inflammation of the oral mucosa. The document also examines allergic reactions to dental materials and their various clinical manifestations. Overall, the document reviews sources of intolerance to different dental materials and potential signs and symptoms that patients may experience.
In -Vitro: Evaluation of Corrosion Behavior of Orthodontic Stainless Steel Br...IJERA Editor
The objectives of this study were to investigate the corrosion behavior of conventional and self-ligating stainless steel brackets and the surface structural changes in response to salad dressing. Damon, In-Ovation,Smart clip, Discovery, OMNI and Masel brackets were all included in the study. For the control group, the brackets were placed in Petri dishes with Potassium Ferrocyanide (Fe [CN]6K4) and distilled water. Whereasas for the experimental group, the brackets were incorporated into the same reagent mixed with Oil-based - Kraft Classic French Oil and Water-based-Salad Magic, Herb and Garlic Dressing. The released ferrous ion concentrations were measured by spectrophotometer after 24 and 48 hours. Scanning electron microscope was used to analyze surface changes of the brackets. All types of brackets demonstrated signs of corrosion. Generally, self-ligating brackets were more susceptible to corrosion than the conventional ones the most extensive corrosion was seen in In-Ovation R™. Meanwhile, Masel was the most corroded brackets for conventional brackets.The oil-based salad dressing illustrated the most extensive corrosion in all brackets. Self-ligating brackets, Inovation R™ showed pitting corrosion on the wings. Smart clip showed surfaces corrosion only. The commonly ingested fluids aggravate the corrosive process, and this is related to sodium chloride content.
Nanoparticles and their Potential affect as Antimicrobials in dentistryAI Publications
The aim of the current article is to evaluate the antiadherent and antibacterial properties of surfacemodified different orthodontic brackets with silver nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, using radiomarker. To measure the current study, a quantitative method was applied to the adherence of Streptococci to orthodontic brackets, 70 samples of orthodontic brackets were selected and classified in to 10 groups as follow: GVn (Radiance plus-Roth), GVI (InVu-Roth), GVII (SystemAlexanderLTS), GVIII (Gemini-Roth), GIX (NuEdge-Roth), GIIIn (Gemini-Roth), GIVn (NuEdge-Roth), GX (Radiance plus-Roth), GIn (InVu-Roth), and GIIn (SystemAlexanderLTS). The study focused on patients’ gender while considering sample for the present article. To codify and measure the bacterium, a radioactive marker (3 H) was applied. The brackets were then immersed in a radiolabeled solution, and the radiation was measured. The ANOVA test (Sheffè post hoc) was used to calculate the statistical analysis. The findings revealed that there were substantial disparities between the groups. GIIIn was the lowest score for both bacteria, whereas GIX and GVI were the highest for Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, respectively. In conclusion, the surface of orthodontic brackets can be modified with silver nanoparticles to reduce the accumulation of dental plaque and the development of dental caries during orthodontic treatment.
In -Vitro: Evaluation of Corrosion Behavior of Orthodontic Stainless Steel Br...IJERA Editor
The objectives of this study were to investigate the corrosion behavior of conventional and self-ligating stainless steel brackets and the surface structural changes in response to salad dressing. Damon, In-Ovation,Smart clip, Discovery, OMNI and Masel brackets were all included in the study. For the control group, the brackets were placed in Petri dishes with Potassium Ferrocyanide (Fe [CN]6K4) and distilled water. Whereasas for the experimental group, the brackets were incorporated into the same reagent mixed with Oil-based - Kraft Classic French Oil and Water-based-Salad Magic, Herb and Garlic Dressing. The released ferrous ion concentrations were measured by spectrophotometer after 24 and 48 hours. Scanning electron microscope was used to analyze surface changes of the brackets. All types of brackets demonstrated signs of corrosion. Generally, self-ligating brackets were more susceptible to corrosion than the conventional ones the most extensive corrosion was seen in In-Ovation R™. Meanwhile, Masel was the most corroded brackets for conventional brackets.The oil-based salad dressing illustrated the most extensive corrosion in all brackets. Self-ligating brackets, Inovation R™ showed pitting corrosion on the wings. Smart clip showed surfaces corrosion only. The commonly ingested fluids aggravate the corrosive process, and this is related to sodium chloride content.
Nanoparticles and their Potential affect as Antimicrobials in dentistryAI Publications
The aim of the current article is to evaluate the antiadherent and antibacterial properties of surfacemodified different orthodontic brackets with silver nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, using radiomarker. To measure the current study, a quantitative method was applied to the adherence of Streptococci to orthodontic brackets, 70 samples of orthodontic brackets were selected and classified in to 10 groups as follow: GVn (Radiance plus-Roth), GVI (InVu-Roth), GVII (SystemAlexanderLTS), GVIII (Gemini-Roth), GIX (NuEdge-Roth), GIIIn (Gemini-Roth), GIVn (NuEdge-Roth), GX (Radiance plus-Roth), GIn (InVu-Roth), and GIIn (SystemAlexanderLTS). The study focused on patients’ gender while considering sample for the present article. To codify and measure the bacterium, a radioactive marker (3 H) was applied. The brackets were then immersed in a radiolabeled solution, and the radiation was measured. The ANOVA test (Sheffè post hoc) was used to calculate the statistical analysis. The findings revealed that there were substantial disparities between the groups. GIIIn was the lowest score for both bacteria, whereas GIX and GVI were the highest for Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, respectively. In conclusion, the surface of orthodontic brackets can be modified with silver nanoparticles to reduce the accumulation of dental plaque and the development of dental caries during orthodontic treatment.
Investigation of the Remineralization Effect Tnrough Scanning Electron Micros...IJERA Editor
Background: Local fluoride varnishes have been widely used as a method of non-operative treatment and for
caries preventive interventions for more than three decades.
Purpose: Evaluation of the remineralization effect by means of electron microscopy of mineralization varnish -
Clinpro ™ White Varnish with TCP (Tri-Calcium phosphate) (3M).
Materials and Methods: The material used is from 20 temporary intact teeth, extracted due to physiological
change with permanent teeth, with a completely preserved structure and anatomy of crowns and fully
physiologically resorbed roots. For the purposes of the study a scanning electron microscope JEOL JSM 6390 is
used with an attachment for element analysis (EDS INCA of Oxford). Prepared samples are pre-coated with
gold (cathode sputtering with apparatus JEOL JFC – 1200) to obtain a better contrast of the SEM image of early
carious lesions on the smooth surfaces of the temporary teeth, with predilection for development of caries with a
d1 threshold. For this purpose the two processes were monitored occurring continuously on the enamel surfacede-
and remineralization. Performed was computer processing of the digital images.
Results: There is presence of certain minerals deposited in the embossed enamel prisms after of
remineralization. The chemical analysis established the presence of calcium (Ca2 +
), around the organic matrix.
Demineralised surface has pores present of around 1%, which is visible through the enamel on the surface of the
deciduous teeth looking like filled and pores looking like partially covered, filled with newly formed and
growing crystals. The crystals, which are hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite or fluorhydroxiapatite gradually connect,
growing and forming mineral structure filling the microscopi defects and the pores from the demineralisation in
the surface enamel prismless layer.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Biocompatibility of dental materials / fixed orthodontic courses in indiaIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Harmony between society and personality, and its influence on the phenomenon ...SubmissionResearchpa
This article deals with the phenomenon of happiness as a socio-anthropological phenomenon that requires consideration in harmony between social reality and a person, society and personality with their dreams, desires, experiences and ideas. A person, although he thinks about happiness alone, although he considers happiness as a phenomenon that concerns only his life, this does not mean that happiness manifests itself according to his absolute will and absolutely touches and obeys his desires. Society influences the happy or unhappy life of a person not only by established rules, but also by careful contributions and traditions by Eshonkulova Nurjakhon Abdujabborovna 2020. Harmony between society and personality, and its influence on the phenomenon of happiness. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 87-88. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.925 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/925/873 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/925
Establishment of the Institute and Waqf aspects of its development in Central...SubmissionResearchpa
The article describes the essence of waqf institution and some aspects of its development in Central Asia. The importance of the endowment institution not only as a philanthropist, but also as a social institution that embodies many functions in society is highlighted by Nargiza Ismatova 2020. Establishment of the Institute and Waqf aspects of its development in Central Asia (until the second half of the 19th century). International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 71-75. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.916 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/916/864 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/916
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Investigation of the Remineralization Effect Tnrough Scanning Electron Micros...IJERA Editor
Background: Local fluoride varnishes have been widely used as a method of non-operative treatment and for
caries preventive interventions for more than three decades.
Purpose: Evaluation of the remineralization effect by means of electron microscopy of mineralization varnish -
Clinpro ™ White Varnish with TCP (Tri-Calcium phosphate) (3M).
Materials and Methods: The material used is from 20 temporary intact teeth, extracted due to physiological
change with permanent teeth, with a completely preserved structure and anatomy of crowns and fully
physiologically resorbed roots. For the purposes of the study a scanning electron microscope JEOL JSM 6390 is
used with an attachment for element analysis (EDS INCA of Oxford). Prepared samples are pre-coated with
gold (cathode sputtering with apparatus JEOL JFC – 1200) to obtain a better contrast of the SEM image of early
carious lesions on the smooth surfaces of the temporary teeth, with predilection for development of caries with a
d1 threshold. For this purpose the two processes were monitored occurring continuously on the enamel surfacede-
and remineralization. Performed was computer processing of the digital images.
Results: There is presence of certain minerals deposited in the embossed enamel prisms after of
remineralization. The chemical analysis established the presence of calcium (Ca2 +
), around the organic matrix.
Demineralised surface has pores present of around 1%, which is visible through the enamel on the surface of the
deciduous teeth looking like filled and pores looking like partially covered, filled with newly formed and
growing crystals. The crystals, which are hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite or fluorhydroxiapatite gradually connect,
growing and forming mineral structure filling the microscopi defects and the pores from the demineralisation in
the surface enamel prismless layer.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Biocompatibility of dental materials / fixed orthodontic courses in indiaIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Harmony between society and personality, and its influence on the phenomenon ...SubmissionResearchpa
This article deals with the phenomenon of happiness as a socio-anthropological phenomenon that requires consideration in harmony between social reality and a person, society and personality with their dreams, desires, experiences and ideas. A person, although he thinks about happiness alone, although he considers happiness as a phenomenon that concerns only his life, this does not mean that happiness manifests itself according to his absolute will and absolutely touches and obeys his desires. Society influences the happy or unhappy life of a person not only by established rules, but also by careful contributions and traditions by Eshonkulova Nurjakhon Abdujabborovna 2020. Harmony between society and personality, and its influence on the phenomenon of happiness. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 87-88. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.925 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/925/873 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/925
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The article describes the essence of waqf institution and some aspects of its development in Central Asia. The importance of the endowment institution not only as a philanthropist, but also as a social institution that embodies many functions in society is highlighted by Nargiza Ismatova 2020. Establishment of the Institute and Waqf aspects of its development in Central Asia (until the second half of the 19th century). International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 71-75. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.916 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/916/864 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/916
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Suttorkhon Abdulgafforov's book "A Brief Essay on the Internal Situation of the Kokand Khanate Before the Russian Invasion", published in the Turkestan press, provides valuable information on the history of Kokand. In particular, it reflects governance, traditional education, the judicial system and the military situation in the last days of the khanate by Rakhimjanova Nigora Kudratillaevna 2020. The history of the Kokand Khanate in the press of Turkestan (According to Suttorkhon Abdulgafforov). International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 68-70. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.915 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/915/863 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/915
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Despite the rapid development of dentistry and advances in the prevention of diseases of the maxillofacial region, implantology, and the treatment of dental diseases, the number of patients who need prosthetics with removable orthopedic structures of dentures remains high, and only increases with age, due to the increasing rate of aging. society of the planet (M.Yu. Ogorodnikov, 2007; V.I.Shemonaev, 2012; E.S. Kalivradzhiyan, 2013; E.A.Zholudev, 2014; CE. Bragin, 2014; L.D. Veisheim, 2014). Among the reasons for the high demand for orthopedic treatment with removable dentures, the leading position is still held by insufficient sanitation of the oral cavity, untimely access of patients to the dentist. In addition, an important role is played by the problem of imperfection of materials and technologies used for the manufacture of dentures, leading to a deterioration in the condition of the dentition by A.Kh. Zhumaev 2020. Of partial defects of the dental rows of dynamic study of the state of the mucosa of the oral cavity in the new conditions of functioning. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 61-63. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.913 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/913/861 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/913
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This article is devoted to a number of issues relating to the functioning of international commercial arbitration as a non-State mechanism for the settlement of international commercial disputes in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In article also found a brief introduction on the history of arbitration in Uzbekistan since its independence. Special attention is paid to the rules introduced since the entry into force of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On international commercial arbitration”. Moreover, the author highlights some problematic issues and inconsistencies that exist in the legislation on legal proceedings in arbitration courts. The author also addresses several issues regarding the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards by Ziyoda Boratova 2020. International commercial arbitration in Uzbekistan: current state and development prospects . International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 47-49. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.911 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/911/859 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/911
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The term cerebral palsy has been around for more than a century, and the disease itself has probably existed without a name throughout human history. However, despite its long history, there is still no unity in views on this issue. by O. E. Idiev 2020. Infantile cerebral palsy and dental anomalies. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Dec. 2020), 212-215. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.921. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/921/869 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/921
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At the time of what is considered primitive today, our ancestors were a hundred times more poets than we are. Thousands of years ago, the way of thinking of our ancestors was in the form of “poetic observation”: they accepted their life and everything in nature as a symbol of their imaginary concepts. At that time it was understood that the sky, water, greenery, sun, moon, light and darkness had a soul; the day was replaced by night, and the struggle between good and evil was thought to be over. by More Citation Formats https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/887/842 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/887
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This research corresponds to the priority of the development of science and technology of the republic. "Spiritual and moral, cultural development of a democratic and legal society, the formation of an innovative economy." The research is carried out within the framework of the research plan of the Navoi State Pedagogical Institute. The main results of the study will be tested in the activities of pedagogical institutes, including students of Navoi State Pedagogical Institute, as well as in the 1st academic lyceum in Navoi and the 2nd academic lyceum under Navoi State Mining Institute. by Usmonova Lola Mallaevna 2020. Improving traditional methods of teaching chemistry. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 187-190. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.883. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/883/840 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/883
The artistic interpretation of the human spirit in a work of art is analyzed on the example of the works of later years. The article focuses on the analysis of the heartache, the contradictions in the inner world, based on the story of the fugitive Norqobil, which describes the realities of the Afghan war. During the analysis, the influence of time and environment on the occurrence of conflicts in the human heart was highlighted. by Nasirov Azimiddin Normamatovich 2020. Expression of spiritual experiences in art. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 181-182. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.881. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/881/838 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/881
Natural disasters are casualties that occur outside of human consciousness and activity. They can occur quickly or gradually. These are events that end with the disappearance. Natural disasters: landslides, floods, strong winds, fires, droughts, landslides, avalanches, rain. Some natural emergencies lead to the development of man-made emergencies. The causes of earthquakes are divided into: - Tectonic earthquakes; - volcanic earthquake; by Ravshanova Inoyatkhon Erkinovna and Shermatova Yoqutkhon Sobirovna 2020. Natural emergencies. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 170-171. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.878. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/878/835 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/878
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The article examines the effect of VL-77 biostimulator on the growth, development and yield of oilseed sunflower variety "Dilbar" in the conditions of typical irrigated gray soils of Tashkent region by cultivating seeds for sowing in the field in 6 different doses and 2-4 leaves. The stems and leaves were processed by Yuldasheva Zulfiya Kamalovna, Karabaeva Dilfuza Jo’raevna and Muhriddin Normamat ogli 2020. The effect of a biostimulator on the growth, development and yield of oily sunflower . International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 157-159. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.875. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/875/832 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/875
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Due to intolerance of dental materials used for therapeutic treatment
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Due to intolerance of dental materials used for therapeutic
treatment
Bukhara state medical Institute
O. A. Razhabov, Khaуitova M. A., Usmonov N. U.
ABSTRACT
Long-term clinical observations show that widely used dentures made of metals and their alloys are not
indifferent, cause a number of diseases of the oral mucosa, and have social and medical consequences in the form
of intolerance to dental prosthesis materials[1,2]. Currently, ceramic materials, plastics, stainless steels, cobalt-
chromium, silver-palladium alloys, gold-based alloys, platinum, etc. are used for orthopedic treatment. these
alloys include the following metals: iron, chromium, Nickel, titanium, manganese, silicon, molybdenum, cobalt,
palladium, zinc, silver, gold, etc. Signs of intolerance may occur when placing dentures and filling materials in the
oral cavity. Intolerance to prosthetic materials can be caused by different reasons that have different mechanisms
of pathology development. Solving problems with intolerance to dental materials in each patient requires analysis
together with a dentist, an immunologist, and an immunological laboratory [1-4].
Keywords: orthopedic structures, local immunity
.
1. Introduction
The aim of the study was to study the nature of structural reorganization of the gingival mucosa and the
dynamics of local oral immunity indicators during odontopreparation and tobacco Smoking in order to develop
measures for the prevention of possible complications.
The purpose of this review is to examine the causes of intolerance to dental materials used for orthopedic
treatment.
The reasons for the receipt of trace elements from dentures in saliva are wear of the metal surface, local
corrosion and saliva chemistry. Stainless steel prostheses cause an increase in saliva of iron by 5.5 times, copper
by 7 times, manganese by 1.7 times, and lead by 6 times. The content of trace elements in the saliva of individuals
with intolerance to metal prostheses correlates with an increase in chromium by 6 times, and Nickel – by 3.4
times. The phenomena of galvanism that occurs as a result of electrochemical interaction in the presence of
stainless steel dentures in the oral cavity account for 4 to 11% of cases. [7,8,9]. Also, intolerance to dental
materials can be caused by an individual pathological reaction to the material. Another reason may be the poor
hygiene of the oral cavity [9-12]. Oral galvanosis is a disease characterized by a number of non-specific clinical
manifestations associated with chronic inflammation of the oral mucosa against the background of galvanic
currents between dissimilar metals of dental prostheses [5-8].
2. There are several symptoms of galvanosis:
- The appearance of an unpleasant metallic and sour taste in the oral cavity.
The appearance of abnormalities of the taste buds with a violation of taste sensitivity.
- Manifestation of pathology of the salivary glands. Dryness in the oral cavity. It is caused by irritation of the
nerve endings, which leads to abnormalities in the autonomic and Central nervous systems [13-15].
- Burning and itching sensations.
- Inflammatory process on the surface of the tongue.
There are also General physiological deviations from the norm: decreased vitality, complaints of head pain,
nervous response to others [16-18].
Most often, these sensations begin to appear a month or two after orthopedic treatment, the material of which was
stainless steel, or repeated prosthetics, the material of which was another material or alloy (clasp prosthesis made
of chrome-cobalt alloy, gold compounds or others).
In places of fusion, an oxide film can be observed [20-23]. Signs of galvanosis develop very rarely and depend on
the characteristics of the patient and the state of his oral cavity [19, 24]. Very often people go to the dentist with
such a problem as allergic reactions to dental prostheses. An allergic reaction is the body's response to
environmental factors that can cause damage and inflammation of the mucous membranes [25].
3.Results and discussions.
Usually, an Allergy appears to metals that are used in the manufacture of prostheses: Nicole, cobalt, copper,
chromium, as well as their combination. Such materials are used in the manufacture of cheap metal-ceramic
structures of crowns and dental bridges, as well as as the basis for the production of removable dentures.
The most common signs of allergic reactions to metal: redness, itching and swelling of the mucous membranes in
the oral cavity; irritation of the inner surface of the cheeks, tongue, lips; discomfort in the oral cavity of various
types, such as dryness or excessive salivation, bitterness, sour taste, sore throat; exacerbation of bronchial asthma;
rashes of various types in the oral cavity, on the skin around the lips, on the hands; fever; the most dangerous –
angioedema (Edema Quincke) [31-35]. I have studied local immunological indicators of the oral cavity, which
play an important role in providing local protection. By changing these indicators, it is possible to judge the
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presence of inflammation in the process of adaptation to the orthopedic structure, as well as the effect on the oral
tissue of the material from which the structure is made, i.e., the presence of an allergic reaction or the phenomenon
of galvanism.Recently, due to the widespread use of plastics to replace metal, the problem of plastic intolerance
has come to the fore.
Allergies can appear not only on metals. However, plastics that consist of monomers can sometimes
cause an allergic reaction. It is worth noting that now nylon prostheses or Quadrotti are produced, which are made
of soft plastics, they do not pose a danger to humans [26, 27, 35].
Causes of plastic intolerance: mechanical trauma to the oral mucosa with a prosthesis; allergic and toxic-chemical
effects on the oral mucosa of substances that are part of prosthetic plastics; non-physiological conditions under a
removable prosthesis; effects on the oral mucosa of plaque components on the prosthesis; somatic diseases,
anemia, diabetes, hormonal disorders; iatrogenic or psychogenic factors [28, 29].
The main pathogenetic factors for the development of galvanosis are galvanic currents, metal corrosion, and
pathological changes in saliva [5]. In this regard, when choosing structural materials for dental prostheses, many
researchers analyze the corrosion resistance of various metal alloys in artificial saliva, study metal changes in the
patient's oral cavity, but the issues of their clinical compatibility are not fully investigated.
In studies A. A. Timofeev presented quite convincingly that the diagnosis of "Galvanos the mouth" applies in the
presence of characteristic clinical symptoms: metallic taste, bitter taste, burning tongue and sour-salty taste,
change in salivation, the sensation of current flow through the tooth, deterioration of the General condition.
In this regard, much attention is paid to the clinical and theoretical aspects of the problem of allergic reactions in
domestic and foreign medical science, including dentistry.
4. Conclusions
We analyzed data on indicators of local immunity of the oral cavity, which are an important criterion for
evaluating the quality of treatment and serve as one of the methods for preventing errors and complications in
prosthetics with orthopedic structures.Analysis of the literature used suggests the need for further study of the
diagnosis, clinical manifestations and prevention of galvanosis in patients. Aspects of evaluating the compatibility
of dental alloys used in orthopedic structures need to be clarified. Currently, specialists do not have a single
comprehensive approach to the diagnosis and prevention of galvanosis in dental patients.
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