The document outlines a proposed final year mini project to develop a gesture-controlled robot. It discusses using hand gestures detected by a wearable sensor to wirelessly control a robot. The objectives are to create a simple and affordable human-machine interface. The methodology involves choosing sensors and a microcontroller, designing mechanical components, developing gesture recognition software, and testing the system. A literature review examines similar prior projects. The proposal provides a timeline, references, circuit diagrams, and prototype photos.

1. TY Mini Project
Review- I
Gesture Controlled Robot
Academic Year: 2022-23
By
School of Mechanical Engg.
TY Mini Project

2. Content
1. Introduction
2. Problem Statement
3. Objectives and Scope of the Mini Project
4. Literature Review
5. Review 1 and Review 2 suggestions
6. Methodology
7. Mathematical Work
8. Software / Experimental Work
9. Results
10. Summary/ Discussion
11. Prototype Photos
12. References
School of Mechanical Engg.
TY Mini Project

3. 1. Introduction
• Wireless communication systems form the backbone of modern-day
robotics control. Namely, wireless remote control methodologies
including IR, RF, and network-based technologies such as WiFi and
Bluetooth.
• We propose the implementation of a robot that can be remotely
controlled via hand gestures to serve as a proof-of-concept for a non-
peripheral, machine learning based robotics control scheme.
• You just need to wear a small transmitting device in your hand which
included an acceleration meter. This will transmit an appropriate
command to the robot so that it can do whatever we want.
• The aim of the project is to develop a human machine interface used
for control robot arm. The objective of this project is to build a car that
can be controlled by gesture wirelessly
Hand
Gestures
Transmitter Receiver
Movement
Of Motors

4. 2. Problem Statement
• The traditional wired buttons controlled robot becomes very
bulgy and it also limits the distance the robot goes.
• The Wireless Hand controlled Robot will function by a wearable
hand glove from which the movements of the hand can be used
as the input for the movement of the robot.
• The basic idea of our project is to develop a system (Robot)
which can recognize the Human Interaction with it to accomplish
the certain tasks assigned to it.

5. 3. Objective of Mini Project
• The aim of the project is to develop a human machine interface used for control
robot arm.
• Our objective is to make this device simple as well as cheap so it can be produced
and used for number of purposes.
• The objective of this project is to build a car that can be controlled by gesture
wirelessly.
• In this project user is also able to control motions of the car by wearing controller
glove and performing predefined gestures.
• This can be also used in many potential applications such as wireless controller car
racing etc.

6. 4. Scope of Mini Project
• Wireless controlled robots are very useful in many applications like remote
surveillance, military etc.
• Hand gesture controlled robot can be used by physically challenged in wheelchairs.
• Hand gesture controlled industrial grade robotic arms can be developed.
• Entertainment applications – Most videogames today are played either on game
consoles, arcade units or PCs, and all require a combination of input devices.
• Automation systems – In homes, offices, transport vehicles and more, gesture
recognition can be incorporated to greatly increase usability and reduce the
resources
• An easier life for the disabled – One of the biggest challenges faced today is
providing separate and equally non cumbersome services to the differently abled
and handicapped.

7. 5. Literature Review
Sr.
No
Title Review
1. Hand Gesture Controlled
Robot(2020)
-Research Gate
• A Gesture Controlled robot is a robot which can be controlled by your hand
gestures. You just need to have a small transmitting device in your hand,
which included an acceleration meter to transmit an appropriate command to
the robot so that it can do whatever we want. The transmitting device
included an ADC for analogue to digital conversion and an encoder IC(HT12E)
which is used to encode the fourbit data and then it will transmit by an RF
Transmitter module.
• Our gesture-controlled robot works based on accelerometer outputs, which
correspond to hand movements and sends that data to a comparator which
assigns specific voltage level to the movements. This information is
transferred to an encoder which encodes it before RF transmission.
• A Gesture Controlled robot with Arduino Uno microcontroller has been
designed during this work, which may be controlled by human hand gestures.
this needs to wear a little transmitting device on our hand included an
accelerometer, which transmits particular commands to the robot to
maneuver consistent with the users hand gesture and one receiver at the
robot.

8. Sr.
No
Title Review
2.
3.
ARDUINO BASED GESTURE
CONTROLLED ROBOTIC CAR
(2019)
- IJCRT
Hand Gesture Controlled
Robot using Arduino
Nano(2018)
-IJIRT
• The purpose of project is to control a toy car using accelerometer sensors attached to
a hand glove. The sensors are intended to replace the remote control that is generally
used to run the car. It will allow us to control the forward and backward, and left and
right movements, while using the same accelerometer sensor to control the throttle
of the car. based on the hand movements. By using the above mentioned
components the hardware was setup, thus resulting in the formation of a robot.
• Hand Gesture Controlled Robot System gives a more natural way of controlling
devices. The command for the robot to navigate in specific direction in the
environment is based on technique of hand gestures provided by the user. Without
using any external hardware support for gesture input unlike specified existing
system, user can control a robot from his software station.
• This paper has proposed a novel approach to hand gesture recognition which can be
utilized in natural interaction between human and machines. This project is an
accelerometer-based human-machine interaction method for controlling a robot car
• Through accelerometer, a passage of data signal is received and it is processed with
the help of Arduino microcontroller. The microcontroller controls the robot to move
in the desired direction.

9. Sr.
No
Title Review
4.
5.
A STUDY ON GESTURE
CONTROL ARDIUNO
ROBOT(2018)
-IJSDR
Arduino Based Hand Gesture
Controlled Robot (2022)
-IRJET
• The accelerometer records the hand movements in the X and Y directions only and
outputs constant analogue voltage levels. These voltages are fed to the comparator IC
which compares it with the references voltages that we have set via variable resistors
attached to the IC.
• A push button is attached to pin 14 of this IC which is the Transmission Enable (TE)
pin. The coded data will be passed onto the RF module only when the button is
pressed. This button makes sure no data is transmitted unless we want to. The RF
transmitter modulates the input signal using Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
modulation. It is the form of modulation that represents digital data as variations in
the amplitude of a carrier wave.
• The design and execution of a Gesture Controlled Robot is demonstrated and
developed using an Arduino microcontroller and an Android smartphone. The system
has been placed aside for the future because there are so many ways to update it.
• The proposed method can be employed in a dangerous circumstance where the
robot is equipped with a camera that the user at his station can monitor. This
technology can also be applied in the medical field, where miniature robots are being
developed to help doctors execute more efficient surgeries.

10. 1. Define the requirements: Identify the requirements of the hand gesture-controlled robot, including the
type of hand gestures to be recognized and the desired accuracy and speed of gesture recognition.
2. Select the microcontroller: Choose a microcontroller that is suitable for the application and has sufficient
processing power and I/O capabilities to interface with the sensors and actuators.
3. Choose the sensors: Select the appropriate sensors for hand gesture recognition.
4. Design the mechanical structure: Design the mechanical structure of the robot, including the hand and
arm, to enable the robot to perform the desired tasks.
5. Develop the software: Develop the software to process the sensor data and translate it into robot motion
commands. This may involve implementing machine learning algorithms to recognize hand gestures.
6. Test and refine the system: Test the system to ensure that the robot responds correctly to hand gestures.
Refine the system based on feedback and further testing.
6. Methodology

11. Methodology for communication signal
Transmitter Module (NRF24L01)
An RF transmitter module is a small PCB i.e., printed circuit board sub-assembly capable of
transmitting a radio wave and modulating that wave to carry data. Transmitter modules are
usually implemented alongside a micro controller which will provide data to the module which is
transmitted. RF transmitters are usually subject to regulatory requirements which dictate the
maximum allowable transmitter power output, harmonics and band edge requirement.
Receiver modules (RF NANO)
An RF Receiver module RF433-RX is 433 MHz radio receiver receives the modulated RF signal, and
then it demodulates. We Based on the input codes master will give command to slave
microcontroller and robot will behave as follows.
• Moves in forward direction
• Moves in reverse direction,
• Speed controls in both the direction
• It can even turn left or right while moving forward or in reverse direction.
• In case of bump, moves reverse turn left or right and wail for the next instruction.
• On the spot left or right turn to pass through the narrow space
• We have also added head light, back light and turning lights to left a right .

12. Methodology for Motion Control
L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC). Motor drivers act as current
amplifiers as they take a low-current control signal and provide a higher-current signal. This
higher current signal is used to drive the motors. L293D contains two inbuilt H-bridge driver
circuits. In common mode of operation, two DC motors can be driven simultaneously, both
in forward and reverse direction. The motor operations of two motors can be controlled by
input logic. When an enable input is high, the associated driver gets enabled. As a result,
the outputs become active and work in phase with their inputs. Similarly, when the enable
input is low, that driver is disabled, and their outputs are off and in the high-impedance
state. This project controls a remote robot through RF.

13. 7. Schematic Diagram of Prototype
Gesture Sensor:
ADXL335 Module
Microcontroller:
Arduino Nano
Motor Control:
L293D Motor Driver
DC Motors:
TT Gear Motor
Chassis

14. Block Diagram
Receiver Transmitter

15. 8. Action Plan
Activity |
Time
Jan. 2023 Feb. 2023 March 2023 April 2023
Topic
Selection
Aim of Gesture
controlled robot
Literature
Review
Mechanism
selection
Coding and its
interface with the
components
Testing and
Calibration

16. 9. References
• Hand Gesture Controlled Robot, Authors : Kathiravan Sekar , Ramarajan Thileeban , Vishnuram
Rajkumar , Sri Sudharshan Bedhu Sembian, Publisher Name : IJERT
• A STUDY ON GESTURE CONTROL ARDIUNO ROBOT Ashutosh zagade1 , Vishakha Jamkhedkar2 ,
Shraddha Dhakane3 , Vrushali Patankar4, May 2018 IJSDR
• International journal of research in Advent Technology (IJRAT) (E-ISSN: 2321-9637) Special issue of
the National Conference "CONVERGENCE 2016", 06-07 April 2016
• International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume 14 Issue 4 - August
2014 ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org Robot using Wireless Communication.
• “(PDF) gesture controlled robot using Arduino and Android,” ResearchGate. [Online]. Available:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304624
684_Gesture_Controlled_Robot_using_Arduino_and_ Android.
• “Hand gesture controlled robot PDF,” Scribd. [Online]. Available:
https://www.scribd.com/document/412303023/H and-Gesture-Controlled-Robot-pdf.

17. Circuit Diagram
Receiver Transmitter

18. Prototype CAD Model

19. Circuit

20. CODE

21. Summary/Discussion
• A gesture-controlled robot is a type of robot that is designed to be controlled using hand gestures or body
movements. These robots use sensors and algorithms to interpret the movements of the user and translate
them into specific actions, such as moving forward or backward, turning, or performing specific tasks.
• The technology behind gesture-controlled robots typically involves a combination of computer vision,
machine learning, and motion sensors, such as accelerometers or gyroscopes. Cameras or other sensors are
used to capture the user's movements, while software analyzes and interprets those movements to control
the robot's actions.
• Gesture-controlled robots are often used in industrial settings for tasks that require precise movements or
manipulation of objects in hazardous environments. They are also used in entertainment, such as interactive
exhibits or theme park attractions, and in healthcare for tasks such as assisting with rehabilitation exercises.
• Overall, gesture-controlled robots are a promising area of robotics research and development, with the
potential to revolutionize many industries and improve the quality of life for people around the world.

22. Prototype Photos