The document discusses the geology of marine geology course at the Faculty of Mineral Technology, Trisakti University in semester 2, 2002. It covers topics like understanding marine geology, structures and formations of the Earth, shapes and basins of oceans, evolution of ocean basins, tectonics, and stratigraphy. It specifically discusses structures and formations of the Earth, including concepts like seismic ray paths, magnetic fields of the Earth, and estimating the interior based on seismic wave propagation. It also discusses shapes of ocean basins, types of continental margins, sediments, and tectonic reconstructions of regions like the Celebes Sea from the Eocene to Holocene periods.

1. KULIAH
GEOLOGI KELAUTAN
JURUSAN GEOLOGI
FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI MINERAL
UNIVERSITAS TRISAKTI
SEMESTER II, 2002
DOSEN : IR YUSUF SURACHMAN DJAJADIHARDJA MSC

2. SILABUS
1. PEMAHAMAN MENGENAI GEOLOGIKELAUTAN
2. STRUKTUR DAN FORMASI BUMI
3. BENTUK DAN CEKUNGAN SAMUDERA
4. EVOLUSI CEKUNGAN SAMUDERA
5. TEKTONIK
6. STRATIGRAFI

4. II STRUKTUR DAN FORMASI BUMI

5. Vp = √ + 2µ⁁
Vs = √ µ/
µ
⁁ Koefisien Lame
Modulus rigidity
Density

7. Ray path concept (seismic method) to
determine physical properties

8. B
bT = B + b
bB
medan magnet bumi
(B) menginduksi
partikel magnetik
dalam batuan (b) dan
menghasilkan
komponen total (T)

9. Interior could be estimate based on
seismic waves propagation

10. lintasan gelombang seismik jika bumi tidak homogen
akibat adanya struktur perlapisan bumi

11. lintasan gelombang seismik jika kecepatan gelombang
seismik meningkat thd. kedalaman

17. proses internal
di dalam inti bumi
menyebabkan bumi
memiliki medan magnet
Geomagnetik
Sosialisasi HAGI-UI, HG-2007

25. Gravity Method
Sosialisasi HAGI-UI, HG-2007

26. gg11 gg22 gg33
jarakjarak
gg
Anomali gravitasi hasil
pengukuran menggambarkan
anomali rapat massa bawah-
permukaan
Sosialisasi HAGI-UI, HG-2007

38. BENTUK CEKUNGAN SAMUDERA
Kerak samudera terus berubah terhadap waktu karena dua hal;
1. Gerakan lempeng
- Samudera Atlantik terus melebar tetapi tidak ada zona subduksi
- Samudera Pacific menyempit karena subduksi lebih menonjol
dibanding pemekaran.
2. Bathimetri berubah karena;
- kontraksi akibat masa batuan mendingin
- pengendapan sedimen dari benua
- erosi dan formasi ngarai (canyon) bawah laut akibat pengaruh arus
- penyesuaian isostatik

39. Pinggiran benua
Dua tipe pinggiran benua;
Tipe Atlantik ; aseismik
Tipe Pacific ; pinggiran aktif

52. Sedimen
1. Pelagic sedimen ialah sedimen yang diendapkan di dasar laut dimana
sumbernya berasal dari lautan
2. Terrigenous sedimen adalah sedimen yang diendapkan didasar laut
dimana sumbernya berasal dari daratan (continen)
3. Hemipelagic sedimen adalah sedimen yang diendapkan di dasar laut
dimana sumbernya berasal dari daratan dan lautan.

53. Multi Channel Seismic Reflection, Gravity, Magnetic, and Multibeam
Gravity, Magnetic, and Multibeam

58. SO98-27

59. Tectonic Evolution of the Celebes Sea
Eocene – Middle Miocene Reconstruction
About 87.7 m unit IV composed mainly of
Dark grayish brown to reddish brown claystone
including volcanic Indicating an open oceanic
environment
(Rangin, Silver, von Breymann et al., 1990)

60. Isopach map of sediment unit IIIC and IV (contour interval in second)
Grey shadows are topographic high of the oceanic basement

61. Oligocene Reconstruction
Spreading of the South China Sea
Started at 32 m.y (Taylor & Hayes, 1983,
Holloway, 1982)

62. Satyana et al., 1999
Middle Miocene – Late Miocene Reconstruction
- South China Sea was still spreading,
- In the North Borneo, extended South China margin thrusted
beneath Borneo
- In early Miocene central Borneo was eroded shed
sediment into the Kutai, Tarakan and Sandakan basin
- In Tarakan basin progradation of deltaic environment was
deposited during Eocene – Late Miocene Satyana et al., 1999

63. New Isopach map of Unit IIIB (middle Miocene turbidite)
in seconds (TWT)

64. Sediment unit IIIA continue deposited up to late Miocene, probably same source environ
ment as sub unit IIIB (major delta complex)
Subunit IIIA consists of Hemipelagic claystone
Interbedded claystone/silty claystone turbidite and
Minor carbonate claystone
Rate of accumulation of unit IIIA about
33 m/m.y.

65. Late Miocene-Holocene Reconstruction
Nichols et al., 1999

66. During late Miocene to Holocene was dominantly by the terrigenous turbidite and
Hemipelagic sediment.
Within sediment unit II, hemipelagic sediment gradually coarsens upward to clayey silt,
Silt size consisting of volcanic ash.

67. Subunit I mostly contain volcanogenic clayey. Most of volcanogenic materials depo
sited during late Miocene to Holocene were deposited from volcanic arc around
Celebes Sea (e.g. Sulu ridge, Mindanao, Sangihe, and North Sulawesi arc)
Sediment accumulation rate of subunit IIIA, II, and I range from 33 – 60 m/m.y.

69. Sea Level Change
1.Global Warming (Es di Kutub mencair)
2.Subside & Accretion of the Basin
(Penurunan atau naiknya dasar Samudera )
3.Weighting of the Earth’s crust by local ice sheet
Is the sea level changing,
or is it the land that is moving?