This document provides an overview of several major belief systems including animism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It describes the origins, key beliefs, sacred texts, and spread of each religion. It also discusses how religions can be similar in concepts like karma and dharma, but differ in other beliefs like views on gods and the afterlife. The document aims to help readers understand and compare characteristics of major world religions.
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In the early 19th century, a French teacher named Allan Kardec founded animism. Unlike most other religions, Allan Kardec is not a prophet. In fact, spiritualism does not believe in prophecies either. Kardec has written five books on spiritualism, which are based on research and evidence on conversations with the spiritual world. This religion embraces the same values as Christianity, but does not see Jesus as the Son of God.
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Why did religion go global? Big History investigates why certain faiths became accepted by so many people in such varied parts of the world.
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2. Prepared by
1) Jayesh Dobariya
2)Yash jethava
3) Shikha Dave
4)Reshma bhuva
Div – D
Subject – BECG
Group - 4
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3. What you will learn
today
What ar e the char acter istics of major r eligions?
How ar e they similar and differ ent?
How have major r eligions affected cultur e?
How have belief systems spr ead over lar ge ar eas?
4. Animism
Animism is the belief that
all living and nonliving
things in nature have a
spirit.
Animism was the belief system
of many early civilizations.
Animism in early civilizations
was often combined with
ancestor worship.
5. Animism dates back to earliest
humans and still exists. It can
be practiced by anyone who
believes in spirituality, but
does not proscribe to an
organized religion. Animist
gods and beliefs often explain
natural earthly things. The
presence of holy men or
women, visions, trances,
dancing, sacred items and
places are often
characteristic of animist
societies. Animism exists in
traditional African, Asian,
American and Aboriginal
cultures.
7. Hinduism has no single
founder, but originated
from the mixing of
Harappan and Aryan
cultures in ancient
India around 1500
BCE.
Hindus believe in
one unifying spirit,
Brahman. Brahman
can manifest in
many, polytheistic,
forms or in one,
monotheistic.
8. Hinduism is based
on the concept of
reincarnation
(Spirits return to
earth many times in
different forms
trying to become
one with Brahman).
The soul moves up
or down a hierarchy
depending on their
behavior in life.
A person moves
closer to Brahman by
obeying the law of
karma. Karma is the
sum of all your
deeds, good and
bad. Good deeds
involve following
your dharma, or
duties dependent on
your position, gender
and occupation.
9.
10. The caste system (outlawed since 1948) was an
important part of Hinduism. Castes are social
classes into which a person is born and lives
their entire life. If a person has a good karma
they may be reincarnated into a higher caste.
This life
Next life
Good Karma
Higher caste
Bad Karma
Lower caste
Born into
A caste
11. The caste system separated Indian
society into distinct social classes in
which everyone knew their place and
believed that if they followed the
dharma of their caste, they would be
reincarnated into a better caste.
Brahmi
n
Kshatriy
a
Vaisya
Sudra
Untouchables
12. Over the centuries
Hindu beliefs were
recorded into a
number of sacred
texts including the
Vedas and the
Upanishads.
The Ramayana is
a Hindu creation
story.
13. Hindus believe
the Ganges
River is sacred
and often wish
to be cremated
and have their
ashes sprinkled
in the river upon
death.
15. • Buddhism was
founded by
Siddhartha
Gautama in
northern India
around 560 BCE.
• Gautama was born
into a wealthy
Hindu family, but
renounced his
wealth to seek
spiritual
enlightenment.
17. Buddhism is based on the Four Noble
Truths.
1. All life is
suffering.
2. Suffering is
caused by desire
for things that are
illusions.
3. The way to
eliminate
suffering is to
eliminate
desire.
4. Following the
Eightfold path will
help people to
overcome desire.
18.
19.
20. Buddhism has much in common with
Hinduism, but important differences.
Buddhism like
Hinduism:
But not
Reincarnation
Caste
system
Karma
Hindu gods
Dharma
Hindu
priesthood
21.
Buddha did not record his teachings, but
after he died, his followers collected them
into the Tripitaka.
24. Judaism originated in the Middle
East around 1000 BCE. According to
Jewish tradition, God chose the
Hebrews and helped them to escape
slavery in Egypt. Judaism was one
of the first monotheistic religions.
25. Basic Beliefs of
Judaism
~The Torah is a
sacred scripture
recording laws
and events in
Jewish history.
~The Old
Testament of the
Bible includes the
Torah.
26. ~God gave
Hebrews the 10
Commandments
through Moses.
~The Ten
Commandments
describe how
people should
behave toward
God and one
another.
27. God made a
covenant, or
promise to
Abraham to be the
God of the
Hebrews.
Judaism had a
great influence on
the later
development of
Christianity and
Islam.
28. Jews were discriminated against in the Roman
Empire and eventually kicked out of their
homeland, Israel, in what is known as the
Diaspora.
30. Christianity originated from
Judaism about 30 CE.
Christians believe that Jesus
was a Messiah, or savior
Sent by God to bring eternal life
to anyone who would follow him.
Jesus accepted the Ten
Commandments and also
preached equality of man before
God. The sacred text of
Christianity is the Bible.
Although the Romans originally
felt threatened by the
Christians, and therefore
allowed Jesus to be crucified,
Christianity eventually became
the official religion of the Roman
Empire.
32. Islam originated
in the Middle
East around 622
CE with the
Prophet,
Muhammad.
Muhammad was
born in Mecca
and traveled to
Medina in a
journey called
the hijra, that
became the
founding of
Muslim
worshippers
follow
scriptures
called the
Quran, or
Koran. The
collection of
Islamic laws
is also known
as the Sharia.
33. Five Pillars of
Islam
1. Faith in one God, Allah —
monotheism
2. Five times daily prayer toward
Mecca
3. Help for the poor
4. Fasting during the holy month of
Ramadan
5. Pilgrimage to holy city of Mecca
34. Spread of Islam-- In the 150 years
following
the death of Muhammad, Islam spread through
trade, missionaries and conquest into Asia and
Africa.
35. Questions:
1. What do all these belief systems have in
common?
2. Which three all originated in the Middle
East?
3. Which two originated in India?
4. Which religion gave rise to the caste
system?
5. How do religions spread?
6. What is the similarity between the Five
Pillars of Islam and the Ten
Commandments?
7. How are Hinduism and Buddhism alike and
