Religion is defined as a set of beliefs, attitudes, and practices related to supernatural beings such as gods or spirits. There are two categories of supernatural beings: those of non-human origin like gods, and those of human origin like ghosts. The three major monotheistic religions are Christianity, Islam, and Judaism which each believe in one God. Animism describes indigenous spiritual beliefs in supernatural beings. Polytheism involves belief in and worship of multiple gods, which can be soft polytheism viewing gods as aspects of one god, or hard polytheism seeing gods as separate divine beings.

2. RELIGION AND BELIEF SYSTEMS
RELIGION- is a set of attitudes, beliefs and practices particularly supernatural power whether they are gods, spirits, ghost
are supernatural beings.
2 CATEGORY OF SUPERNATURAL BEINGS:
a. non- human origin
Ex. Gods
Gods are anthropomorphic which means that it is conceived in the image.
a. Human origin
Ex. Ghost

3. KINDS OF RELIGIONS IN THE WORLD:
1. MONOTHEISM
- a religion with one god
Types of monotheism:
a. Deism
b. Henotheism
c. Monism
d. Pantheism
e. Subtance monotheism
f. Trinitarian monotheism
EXAMPLES OF MONOTHEISTIC RELIGIONS:
a. Christianity
b. Islam
c. judaism

4. a. CHRISTIANITY- it is the world’s biggest religion, with billion followers worldwide. It is based on
the teaching of christ.
b. ISLAM- it is articulated by the Qur’an considered by its adherents to be the word of Allah.
c. JUDAISM- it is a religion that believes on an absolute one, indivisible and incomparable God
who is the ultimate cause of all existence.

5. 2. ANIMISM
- is a belief system of some indigenous tribal peoples especially prior to the development of
organized religion.
- Describe the most common foundational thread of indigenous peoples spiritual or supernatural
perspectives.

6. 3. POLYTHEISM
- refers to the worship of or belief in multiple gods usually assembled into a pantheon of gods and
goddesses along with their own religions rituals.
IT IS DIVIDED INTO TWO:
a. SOFT POLYTHEISM- believes that gods may be aspects of only one god, that the pantheons of
other cultures are representative of one single pantheon.
b. HARD POLYTHEISM- belief that gods are distinct, separate, real divine beings, rather than
psychological archetypes or personifications of natural forces.
ex: Hinduism
Mormonism
shinto

7. INSTITUTIONALIZED RELIGIONS
- are a social institution in which belief systems and rituals are systematically arranged and formally
established.
SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE
- HISTORICALLY, THE PHRASE “ SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE” WAS FIRST USED BY ANGLICAN BAPTIST STRIVING
FOR RELIGIOUS TOLERATION IN VIRGINIA.