The document discusses key aspects of maps and cartography. It begins by explaining that maps are a 2D representation of the 3D world that illustrate and reinforce our ideas about the world. Throughout history, maps have depicted what mapmakers see as important and omitted things seen as unimportant or threatening. Modern GIS systems have revolutionized mapmaking but still depict only what data is included. The document concludes that while maps involve simplification, omitting important data can amount to "cartographic censorship."
Cartography is the art, science and technology of map making.
Maps are used as research tools and as sources of information.
Maps have existed since the time of the Egyptian, Mesopotamian and Chinese civilizations, with the latter maps dating back to 6000 years.
Cartography is the art, science and technology of map making.
Maps are used as research tools and as sources of information.
Maps have existed since the time of the Egyptian, Mesopotamian and Chinese civilizations, with the latter maps dating back to 6000 years.
Gives details about maps, projections,their uses and also about data presentation. Made for students for 11th and 12th standard. Also helpful for competitive examinations. This file is made from NCERT books of class 11th and 12th books titled "Practical work in Geography"
This article is talking about the importance of maps. It tells us the history and usage of map. After reading the map, you will learn how important the maps is in our daily life. It brings us much convenience.
Gives details about maps, projections,their uses and also about data presentation. Made for students for 11th and 12th standard. Also helpful for competitive examinations. This file is made from NCERT books of class 11th and 12th books titled "Practical work in Geography"
This article is talking about the importance of maps. It tells us the history and usage of map. After reading the map, you will learn how important the maps is in our daily life. It brings us much convenience.
Introduction to various GIS software, google earth. Intro types, types of maps, map projections and hands on to Q GIS software. Introduction to latitude longitude system, shape file generation, geo referencing and digitization.
Cartography is the science of map making related to geography, mathematics, geodesy, and human habitat, economy and society. Its a discipline developed during the early period of human civilization. With the development of science and technology, it has changed its paradigm twice. Its been digital, more integrated and very useful global media for communication.
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Climate. How climate is determined. Climate is important because it provides resources for humans. Climate classification. The Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Scheme. The Major Climate Groups. Subclassifications of climate. Climate map. Climographs. Climates, climographs, examples, details: A Climates. B Climates. C Climates. D Climates. E Climates. H Climates.
Physical Geography Lecture 09 - Water Resources (Ground water and ice) 110716angelaorr
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Physical Geography Lecture 08 - Precipitation, Air Masses, and Storms 110216angelaorr
The formation of precipitation. Types of precipitation. Global and U.S. precipitation. Air masses, source regions, classification. Air masses of North America. Fronts. Warm front, cold front, stationary front, occluded front. Life-cycle of a midlatitude cyclone. Weather changes with the passage of a cold front. Midlatitude anticyclones. Lightning, thunder. Tornadoes. Hurricanes. Storm surge.
Physical Geography Lecture 07 - Clouds and Transfer of Latent Heat 102616angelaorr
Global water budget. Hydrologic cycle. Residence time. Latent Heat Transfer diagram. Saturation. Factors affecting rate of evaporation. Vapor pressure. Relative Humidity. Dew point. The adiabatic process. DAR, LCL, latent heat of condensation, SAR. Stable vs Unstable air. Clouds. Fog. Dew.
Air pressure. Relationships between pressure, density, and temperature (confined vs. unconfined gases). Measuring air pressure. Isobars. The pressure gradient force. Wind. Convection cell diagram. Out of the high, into the low. Local winds (sea/land breezes, mountain/valley breezes, Chinook/Santa Ana winds).
Physical Geography Lecture 05 - Atmospheric Energy and Global Temps 101216angelaorr
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Review of last week's lecture. Air's composition. Particulates. Vertical structure of the atmosphere. Conduction, ELR, ozone. Review of today's material.
Physical Geography Lecture 04 - Earth's Energy and Seasons 10.03.16angelaorr
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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4. Maps Illustrate and Reinforce Our
Ideas about the World Around Us
What we see, what we don’t see,
and what we’re not willing to see…
5. Maps Illustrate and Reinforce Our
Ideas about the World Around Us
What we see, what we don’t see,
and what we’re not willing to see…
How we think about the world
around us…
6. Maps Illustrate and Reinforce Our
Ideas about the World Around Us
What we see, what we don’t see,
and what we’re not willing to see…
How we think about the world
around us…
What is important to us and what is
not…
7. Maps Illustrate and Reinforce Our
Ideas about the World Around Us
What we see, what we don’t see,
and what we’re not willing to see…
How we think about the world
around us…
What is important to us and what is
not…
These things all “appear” on our maps
19. A Simplification or a Lie?
“cartographic censorship”
“[B]asic maps of most cities show streets, landmark structures,
elevations, parks, churches, and large museums--but not
dangerous intersections, impoverished neighborhoods, high crime
areas, and other zones of danger and misery that could be
accommodated without sacrificing information about infrastructure
and terrain.
20. A Simplification or a Lie?
“cartographic censorship”
“[B]asic maps of most cities show streets, landmark structures,
elevations, parks, churches, and large museums--but not
dangerous intersections, impoverished neighborhoods, high crime
areas, and other zones of danger and misery that could be
accommodated without sacrificing information about infrastructure
and terrain.
“By omitting politically threatening or aesthetically unattractive
aspects of geographic reality...our topographic ‘base maps’ are
hardly basic to the concerns of public health and safety officials,
social workers, and citizens rightfully concerned about the well-
being of themselves and others.”
21. A Simplification or a Lie?
“cartographic censorship”
“[B]asic maps of most cities show streets, landmark structures,
elevations, parks, churches, and large museums--but not
dangerous intersections, impoverished neighborhoods, high crime
areas, and other zones of danger and misery that could be
accommodated without sacrificing information about infrastructure
and terrain.
“By omitting politically threatening or aesthetically unattractive
aspects of geographic reality...our topographic ‘base maps’ are
hardly basic to the concerns of public health and safety officials,
social workers, and citizens rightfully concerned about the well-
being of themselves and others.”
-Monmonier, How to Lie with Maps, p. 122
28. Map Projections
Trying to take something round and
make it flat isn’t easy (especially if
you’re trying to make it into a
rectangle)!
29. Map Projections
Trying to take something round and
make it flat isn’t easy (especially if
you’re trying to make it into a
rectangle)!
Map projections attempt to do this
by “projecting” an image of Earth’s
surface onto a piece of paper
31. Cylindrical Projection
Imagine a light bulb in the center of a globe, with a sheet of paper
wrapped around it in the form of a cylinder. Meridians and parallels
would be "projected'' onto the cylinder as straight, parallel lines.
Meridians on these projections do not meet at the poles, so these
maps are increasingly stretched and distorted toward the poles.
33. Azimuthal or Planar Projection
A perfectly flat piece of paper (a
plane) would touch the globe at a
point (the tangent). This projection is
a good choice for maps with circular
or square shapes. When the point of
tangency is one of the poles,
meridians are shown as straight lines
radiating from the pole. If parallels
are then drawn as equally spaced
concentric circles, this projection
would be equidistant (scale is true
along any line radiating from the
center point, in this case the pole).
35. Conic Projection
A cone of paper placed over a globe would touch its surface along
one standard line (usually a parallel). A cone that sliced through the
globe would intersect it twice, creating two standard parallels. Such
a projection is well-suited for showing areas in the middle-latitudes
with a mostly east-west extent (like the United States).
36. Pseudocylindrical Projection
Pseudocylindrical (or elliptical) projections normally have straight
parallels and curved meridians (usually equally spaced). The
Robinson Projection is a popular example. It was created to make
the world "look" right by keeping angular and areal distortions to a
minimum.
48. “Reading” Maps
In order to find your way around a map,
you need to know how standard map
coordinates are written:
(Lat.°)(min') (sec”) (N/S) (Long.°)(min') (sec”) (E/W)
49. “Reading” Maps
In order to find your way around a map,
you need to know how standard map
coordinates are written:
(Lat.°)(min') (sec”) (N/S) (Long.°)(min') (sec”) (E/W)
50. “Reading” Maps
In order to find your way around a map,
you need to know how standard map
coordinates are written:
(Lat.°)(min') (sec”) (N/S) (Long.°)(min') (sec”) (E/W)
51. “Reading” Maps
In order to find your way around a map,
you need to know how standard map
coordinates are written:
(Lat.°)(min') (sec”) (N/S) (Long.°)(min') (sec”) (E/W)
Quest of the day: Where is this place?
52. “Reading” Maps
In order to find your way around a map,
you need to know how standard map
coordinates are written:
(Lat.°)(min') (sec”) (N/S) (Long.°)(min') (sec”) (E/W)
Quest of the day: Where is this place?
37°32’12”N 122°20’02”W
59. Elements of a Good Map
All maps need certain characteristics in
order to be easily readable.
60. Elements of a Good Map
All maps need certain characteristics in
order to be easily readable.
61. Elements of a Good Map
All maps need certain characteristics in
order to be easily readable.
So what is it that makes a map
62. Elements of a Good Map
All maps need certain characteristics in
order to be easily readable.
So what is it that makes a map
a “good” map?
70. Elements of a Good Map
Title
Date
Legend/Key
Direction
71. Elements of a Good Map
Title
Date
Legend/Key
Direction
Location
72. Elements of a Good Map
Title
Date
Legend/Key
Direction
Location
Index
73. Elements of a Good Map
Title
Date
Legend/Key
Direction
Location
Index
Data Source
74. Elements of a Good Map
Title
Date
Legend/Key
Direction
Location
Index
Data Source
Projection Type
75. Elements of a Good Map
Title
Date
Legend/Key
Direction
Location
Index
Data Source
Projection Type
Scale
76. Elements of a Good Map
Title
Date
Legend/Key
Direction
Location
Index
Data Source
Projection Type
Scale
Relief and Topography
77. Elements of a Good Map
Title
Date
Legend/Key
Direction
Location
Index
Data Source
Projection Type
Scale
Relief and Topography
Design
87. Isolines
Four basic characteristics:
1. Isolines always form closed shapes. The connecting section
may be cut off at the edges of the map, but at some point
all isolines meet and close.
88. Isolines
Four basic characteristics:
1. Isolines always form closed shapes. The connecting section
may be cut off at the edges of the map, but at some point
all isolines meet and close.
89. Isolines
Four basic characteristics:
1. Isolines always form closed shapes. The connecting section
may be cut off at the edges of the map, but at some point
all isolines meet and close.
2. Except in rare cases (such as an overhanging cliff), isolines
do not cross.
90. Isolines
Four basic characteristics:
1. Isolines always form closed shapes. The connecting section
may be cut off at the edges of the map, but at some point
all isolines meet and close.
2. Except in rare cases (such as an overhanging cliff), isolines
do not cross.
91. Isolines
Four basic characteristics:
1. Isolines always form closed shapes. The connecting section
may be cut off at the edges of the map, but at some point
all isolines meet and close.
2. Except in rare cases (such as an overhanging cliff), isolines
do not cross.
3. The elevation difference between one isoline and the next
is called an “interval”. Intervals may differ between maps,
but are usually the same throughout any one map.
92. Isolines
Four basic characteristics:
1. Isolines always form closed shapes. The connecting section
may be cut off at the edges of the map, but at some point
all isolines meet and close.
2. Except in rare cases (such as an overhanging cliff), isolines
do not cross.
3. The elevation difference between one isoline and the next
is called an “interval”. Intervals may differ between maps,
but are usually the same throughout any one map.
93. Isolines
Four basic characteristics:
1. Isolines always form closed shapes. The connecting section
may be cut off at the edges of the map, but at some point
all isolines meet and close.
2. Except in rare cases (such as an overhanging cliff), isolines
do not cross.
3. The elevation difference between one isoline and the next
is called an “interval”. Intervals may differ between maps,
but are usually the same throughout any one map.
4. Where isolines are close together, there is a steep
gradient, or slope, or a rapid change of some sort. Where
they are further apart, there is a gentle gradient, slope, or
slow change.