These are slides of article entitled "Genocide against Rohingya Muslims: A Classical Model of Ethnic Cleansing", which were presented in "International Conference on Forced Migration", held between 5th-7th December 2017 at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM).
The presentation is about the policy fro the Rohingya refugee crisis. It provides some recommendation to resolve this prolonged crisis that has been disrupting the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and Myanmar.
The presentation is about the policy fro the Rohingya refugee crisis. It provides some recommendation to resolve this prolonged crisis that has been disrupting the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and Myanmar.
The Rohingya situation is urgent and complex. The mass exodus of Rohingya is already putting enormous stress on the limited resources of Bangladesh. As more Rohingya arrives on a daily basis, there are a number of states and non-state actors that might try to exploit the security situation in this country. Bangladesh must find a comprehensive solution to the refugee crisis and must work out a cohesive security strategy to deal with all the potential threats. Otherwise, this situation will threaten the security of the state.
This paper highlights the state of the Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar and also explores several international justice tools to provide justice to this persecuted minority.
This presentation explain the horror of Genocide in the context of International law. It also marks the Muslim states suffering from Genocide since world war 2.
The war in Yemen has created another humanitarian catastrophe, wrecking a country that was already the poorest in the Arab world. With millions of people now on the brink of famine, the need for a comprehensive cease-fire and political settlement is ever more urgent. Yemenis have suffered tremendous hardships from air bombardments, rocket attacks, and economic blockades. According to the U.N., approximately 4,000 civilians have been killed, the majority in Saudi-led coalition airstrikes. All parties to the conflict stand accused of war crimes, including indiscriminate attacks on civilian areas .
The China factor in US alliances in East Asia and the Asia Pacific 1Shree Silwal
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What is the China’s place in the US worldview after cold war ?
What are the view of US allies regarding China?
What are the changes in the perception of China regarding the future alliance development in after math of post 9/11 incident ?
Political events that led to the creation of modern day Vietnam, from pre-colonial times to the 2010s.
For our Southeast Asian Politics class (comparative politics).
Political Ideologies: Fascism. Presentation suitable for Cambridge History students, level 11, 12 and 13 (IGCSE, AS, A2). It contains a comprehensive presentation of fascism.
The Rohingya situation is urgent and complex. The mass exodus of Rohingya is already putting enormous stress on the limited resources of Bangladesh. As more Rohingya arrives on a daily basis, there are a number of states and non-state actors that might try to exploit the security situation in this country. Bangladesh must find a comprehensive solution to the refugee crisis and must work out a cohesive security strategy to deal with all the potential threats. Otherwise, this situation will threaten the security of the state.
This paper highlights the state of the Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar and also explores several international justice tools to provide justice to this persecuted minority.
This presentation explain the horror of Genocide in the context of International law. It also marks the Muslim states suffering from Genocide since world war 2.
The war in Yemen has created another humanitarian catastrophe, wrecking a country that was already the poorest in the Arab world. With millions of people now on the brink of famine, the need for a comprehensive cease-fire and political settlement is ever more urgent. Yemenis have suffered tremendous hardships from air bombardments, rocket attacks, and economic blockades. According to the U.N., approximately 4,000 civilians have been killed, the majority in Saudi-led coalition airstrikes. All parties to the conflict stand accused of war crimes, including indiscriminate attacks on civilian areas .
The China factor in US alliances in East Asia and the Asia Pacific 1Shree Silwal
What are China’s perception and concerns regarding the US alliance system as a whole and regarding specific bilateral military alliances of the US?
What is the China’s place in the US worldview after cold war ?
What are the view of US allies regarding China?
What are the changes in the perception of China regarding the future alliance development in after math of post 9/11 incident ?
Political events that led to the creation of modern day Vietnam, from pre-colonial times to the 2010s.
For our Southeast Asian Politics class (comparative politics).
Political Ideologies: Fascism. Presentation suitable for Cambridge History students, level 11, 12 and 13 (IGCSE, AS, A2). It contains a comprehensive presentation of fascism.
Healthcare issues of the rohingya and the lack of support from the ASEAN organization. This ppt describes the current situation of the rohingya under the burmese military.
rohingya crisis is major national issue nowadays. For that ,to understand the different dimensions of the Rohingya Crisis
such as humanitarian, geo-political, security, economic, social
and environment.To make a set of recommendations for addressing the Rohingya crisis.
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https://asiancorrespondent.com/2017/11/shan-state-burmas-hidden-humanitarian-crisis/#GhpjrbRXUX2Yiilc.97
Shan State: Burma’s hidden humanitarian crisis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Myanmar
Internal conflict in Myanmar
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/analysis-australian-miner-eyes-opportunity-amid-conflict-in-shan-state.html
Analysis: Australian Miner Eyes Opportunity Amid Conflict in Shan State
https://www.usip.org/publications/2017/09/burmas-northern-shan-state-and-prospects-peace
Burma’s Northern Shan State and Prospects for Peace
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This presentation has been made for those who intends to write their thesis or dissertation in the level of masters and Ph.D. I have done this only for the sake of Allah!
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
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This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Genocide aganinst rohingya muslims a classical model of ethnic cleansing
1. Genocide Against Rohingya Muslims: A
Classical Model of Ethnic Cleansing
Belayet Hossen
Department of Quran and
Sunnah Studies
International Islamic
University Malaysia
2. Historical Background of Rohingya Muslims
• Origin of Rohingya word
• Islam came to the Rakhine State between 8th and 9th century.
• The percentage of Muslims in Rakhine State is 30 based on the
statistics of 1941. But in Mongdo and Bothing, Muslims’
percentage is 80.
• In Myanmar, there are 232 tribes are living and among them 130
tribes are recognized by the government. But unfortunately,
Rohingya Muslims are not among them. They are called “Bengali.
• In 1433, Arakan was annexed by Bangla Sultanate.
3. Historical Background ……
• The kings ok Arakan had lost authority over Arakan several
times and took shelter under the court of Muslim Sultan of
Gour or Muggle, and later on, they got back its kingdom in
cooperation of Muslim Sultan.
• Prominent poet Alaoul, Sayed Ashraf and others were the
ministers of Roshang Royal Court of Arakan.
• The historians of 14th century like Rashiduddin, Turkish sailor
Sidi Ali, Ain-e Akbari, Bahristan Ghayebi and Syarul
Mutakharin also proved it.
4. Historical Background ……
• Dr. Mahfuzur Rahman Akand says:
Once upon a time, the Arakan province was an
independent state but now it is one of the provinces of
Myanmar. At that time, in every significant sector the Rohingya
Muslims played very vital role, where their influence was
prevailed over that state but now they have been merged into the
most persecuted tribe of Arakan.
• The distressful life of Rohingya Muslims began when
Burmese King Bodhopaya occupied Arakan in 1784.
5. Historical Background ……
• In 1962 Ne Win took over
Arakan from British and
since then the Rohingya
Muslims started to lose
their citizenship.
• In 1982, finally, in the
name of citizenship law,
Rohingya Muslims were
given level of “Foreign”
and forcefully driven them
out .
Ne Win was a Burmese politician and
military commander. He was Prime
Minister of Burma from 1958 to 1960
and 1962 to 1974 and also head of state
from 1962 to 1981.
6. Historical Background ……
• The causes behind the failure of Rohingya Muslims in
Arakan:
1. They could not produce any outstanding leadership.
2. In 1780, King Bodhapaya and his regime deliberately killed the top
leaders of Rohingya Muslims.
3. The leaders who fled to Bangladesh and other countries of the world, they
did not go back.
4. The educated class of Rohingya people who came abroad, they did not pay
proper efforts to develop Rohingya Muslims.
5. Lack of proper education.
6. Lack of unity among Rohingya Muslims.
7. Lack of Political party and united movements.
8. Lack of far sighted vision and mission.
9. Heedless position of Bangladesh authority.
10. British Betrayal Policy against Muslims
7. Definition and area of Ethnic cleansing
• “GENOCIDE Any of the following acts committed with intent to
destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious
group, as such:
(a) Killing members of the group.
(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group.
(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to
bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part.
(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group.
(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
8. Arakan is A Classical Model of Ethnic Cleansing
Denial of Citizenship:
Based on the controversial citizen law of Myanmar there are three
categories of citizens. These are:
a. Citizen,
b. Associate citizen and
c. Naturalized citizen.
Muslims have often been placed in the “associate citizen” category or been
required to apply for verification of their citizenship. These three categories
of citizens have been explained slightly,
(a) "Citizen" means a Burma citizen;
(b) "Associate Citizen" means an associate citizen prescribed by this Law;
(c) "Naturalized Citizen" means a prescribed by this Law.
9. Denial of Citizenship…
• Citizens are persons who belong to one of the national races
(Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon,
Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee) or whose ancestors
settled in the country before 1823, the beginning of British
occupation of Arakan State. If a person cannot provide
evidence that his ancestors settled in Burma before 1823, he or
she can be classified as an associate citizen if one grandparent,
or pre-1823 ancestor, was a citizen of another country.
• Human Rights Watch has repeatedly urged the Burmese
government to repeal the 1982 Citizenship Law or else amend
it in accordance with the recommendations of the U.N. Special
Rapporteur on the situation of human.
10. Burning Houses into Ashes
According to the HuffPost
report, (September 2,
2017), more than 2,600 houses
have been burned down in
Rohingya-majority areas of
Myanmar's northwest in the
last week, the government said
on Saturday, in one of the
deadliest bouts of violence
involving the Muslim minority
in decades
11. Raping and Sexual Harassment
According to the UN report, dozens of Rohingya women have
reportedly been aggressively raped and sexually assaulted by the
Burmese security officers.
It further describes that a
total of eight medical
professionals working in
Bangladesh reported to have
treated 25 women since late
August who had physical
injuries that were consistent
with sexually violent
attacks. UN doctors also
treated hundreds of women
with these injuries last
October and November.
12. Mass Killing
• The categories of killing are: killing young
women after raping, by burning the whole
family along with house, drowning into sea,
and physically torture by detaining in the
cell, directly shooting by gun and other many
more ways they adopted to kill.
1. Lots of Ulama have been killed such as
principal of Madrasah, Khatib and Muazzin
of Masjid.
2. 10 people of Tablig Jamat have been killed.
3. Newsday says to the BBC World Service:
A minimum of 130 people have been killed.
4. Independent says: 400 Rohingya have been
killed in a clash .
13. Looting Wealth and Property Destruction
• We cannot go back. Everything is
destroyed. We lost everything. We
lost all our property, even our
clothes. We don’t know what will
happen. We are very poor. (A
Rohingya Muslim, 56).
• “I lost my house and all belongings.
If I had stayed in my house, I would
have been brutally killed. They had
sticks and other lethal weapons…I
lost my home and I cannot rebuild it
myself. My all means, and abilities
have been destroyed and damaged.
(A Rohingya woman, 49).
14. Barring Humanitarian Aids
• The Guardian detailed that Myanmar has
blocked all United Nations aid agencies
from delivering vital supplies of food,
water and medicine to thousands of
desperate civilians at the center of a
bloody military campaign against the
country’s Muslim Rohingya minority.
• HRW said: “The Burmese government
and army should urgently ensure
humanitarian aid can reach ethnic
Rohingya and other vulnerable
populations in northern Rakhine State.
Government security operations have cut
off assistance to tens of thousands of
people and forced many to flee their
homes.”.
15. Barring Journalists from Collecting News
Al Jazeera reports: Min, the editor of the Rakhine Investigative
Agency, said:
Sitting in a Yangon cafe, Min Min scrolls through old photos of a
bombing attack on his house in Myanmar's northern Rakhine state.
The 28-year-old journalist Min, he was targeted last year due to his
reporting of the Rohingya crisis. It is a risky business, he said. "If I
keep trying to investigate the truth about issues in Rakhine state, my
life could be in danger. The young journalist revealed that his monthly
political magazine had to reduce its coverage of the mainly-Muslim
minority group during the recent incidents in the western town of
Maungdaw. "We had to be silent, we almost don't cover it because we
have to be very careful," Min said.
Still now, numerous journalists are imprisoned in Myanmar.
16. Restrictions on Getting Married and Giving
Birth to Children
The DAWN NEWS says:
“In Myanmar’s remote west, young men and women are subject to a
form of discrimination, considered harsh, even for the military regime
in this country. They are banned from getting married. The victims are
young adults from the ethnic Muslim-Rohingya community.
Chris Lewa, lead researcher in ‘The Arakan Project, he said:
“We know of at least five couples who were arrested and jailed this
year for getting married without permission from the local
authorities”.
10 years punishment if anybody gets married with permission from
Nasaka army.
Since 2004, there are at least 10,000 marriage applications pending
with authorities, 2008’s report says it
17. Suggestions to Solve the Rising Problems in
Rakhine State
• The report of Kofi Atta Anaan should be implemented as soon as
possible.
• The Muslim countries of OIC should impose collective pressure upon
the Myanmar authority to take back all displaced Rohingya.
• If Myanmar authority does not allow Rohingya Muslims in
resettlement, all Muslim countries should cut off all kinds of
relationships with Myanmar until it solves the problem.
• If the Myanmar government takes them back, all kinds of citizen
rights should be restored for them.
• All Muslim countries should extend the hands of assistance towards
the sustainable development of Rakhine State, which can be in terms
of education, infrastructure development, agriculture, electricity,
technology and other cooperation for the development of human
resource.