The document discusses the Rohingya refugee crisis in Bangladesh. It provides background on the Rohingya people, explaining that they are a Muslim minority group from Myanmar that has faced persecution and been denied citizenship rights. Over 600,000 Rohingya refugees have fled to Bangladesh since August 2017 to escape violence in Myanmar. This has presented challenges for Bangladesh, including providing humanitarian aid, managing the large influx of refugees, and dealing with the economic, social, and environmental impacts of hosting over 1 million Rohingya refugees. The document examines Bangladesh's response to the crisis and efforts at the international level to address the situation and find solutions.
The presentation provides an overview of the Rohingya crisis in Bangladesh. It begins with background on the Rohingya people and the historical persecution that caused them to flee to Bangladesh. Over 500,000 Rohingya refugees arrived in Bangladesh in 2017 following violence in Myanmar. The presentation outlines the economic, social, health, environmental and diplomatic impacts of hosting over 1 million Rohingya refugees. It discusses the challenges of supporting the refugees and recommendations for addressing the crisis, including repatriation to Myanmar.
Rohingya Crisis in Bangladesh:Challenges and Sustainable SolutionMd. Injamul Huq
Rohingya situation in Bangladesh is one of the vital issue to be solved as early possible.But its not so easy to solve early because of several reason.
rohingya crisis is major national issue nowadays. For that ,to understand the different dimensions of the Rohingya Crisis
such as humanitarian, geo-political, security, economic, social
and environment.To make a set of recommendations for addressing the Rohingya crisis.
The Rohingya people are an ethnic group from Myanmar who have faced persecution due to Burmese ethno-religious nationalist sentiment and lack of international support. Bangladesh, where many Rohingya refugees have fled to since the 1970s, is a least developed country with a huge population and limited resources. The Rohingya crisis has had major economic, social, and environmental impacts on Bangladesh, increasing pressures on employment, land, and waste management. The largest refugee camp, Kutupalong, now houses over 600,000 Rohingya refugees, and 60 new Rohingya babies are born in Bangladesh daily. While humanitarian aid is helping address needs, long-term solutions are still needed to resolve the crisis.
To understand the different dimensions of the Rohingya Crisis such as humanitarian, geo-political, regional cooperation, security, economic, social and environment.
The Rohingya situation is urgent and complex. The mass exodus of Rohingya is already putting enormous stress on the limited resources of Bangladesh. As more Rohingya arrives on a daily basis, there are a number of states and non-state actors that might try to exploit the security situation in this country. Bangladesh must find a comprehensive solution to the refugee crisis and must work out a cohesive security strategy to deal with all the potential threats. Otherwise, this situation will threaten the security of the state.
This document outlines strategies for addressing the Rohingya refugee crisis between Bangladesh and Myanmar. It provides historical background on the Rohingya fleeing Myanmar since the 1970s. It discusses the international community's limited role and challenges like many unregistered refugees and security/health issues. Regional initiatives by India and China supporting Myanmar are also covered. The strategies section outlines repatriation agreements between Bangladesh and Myanmar as well as UN involvement. Five-point proposals and recommendations call for constitutional amendments, diplomatic discussions, international intervention, and UN-supervised safe zones.
The presentation provides an overview of the Rohingya crisis in Bangladesh. It begins with background on the Rohingya people and the historical persecution that caused them to flee to Bangladesh. Over 500,000 Rohingya refugees arrived in Bangladesh in 2017 following violence in Myanmar. The presentation outlines the economic, social, health, environmental and diplomatic impacts of hosting over 1 million Rohingya refugees. It discusses the challenges of supporting the refugees and recommendations for addressing the crisis, including repatriation to Myanmar.
Rohingya Crisis in Bangladesh:Challenges and Sustainable SolutionMd. Injamul Huq
Rohingya situation in Bangladesh is one of the vital issue to be solved as early possible.But its not so easy to solve early because of several reason.
rohingya crisis is major national issue nowadays. For that ,to understand the different dimensions of the Rohingya Crisis
such as humanitarian, geo-political, security, economic, social
and environment.To make a set of recommendations for addressing the Rohingya crisis.
The Rohingya people are an ethnic group from Myanmar who have faced persecution due to Burmese ethno-religious nationalist sentiment and lack of international support. Bangladesh, where many Rohingya refugees have fled to since the 1970s, is a least developed country with a huge population and limited resources. The Rohingya crisis has had major economic, social, and environmental impacts on Bangladesh, increasing pressures on employment, land, and waste management. The largest refugee camp, Kutupalong, now houses over 600,000 Rohingya refugees, and 60 new Rohingya babies are born in Bangladesh daily. While humanitarian aid is helping address needs, long-term solutions are still needed to resolve the crisis.
To understand the different dimensions of the Rohingya Crisis such as humanitarian, geo-political, regional cooperation, security, economic, social and environment.
The Rohingya situation is urgent and complex. The mass exodus of Rohingya is already putting enormous stress on the limited resources of Bangladesh. As more Rohingya arrives on a daily basis, there are a number of states and non-state actors that might try to exploit the security situation in this country. Bangladesh must find a comprehensive solution to the refugee crisis and must work out a cohesive security strategy to deal with all the potential threats. Otherwise, this situation will threaten the security of the state.
This document outlines strategies for addressing the Rohingya refugee crisis between Bangladesh and Myanmar. It provides historical background on the Rohingya fleeing Myanmar since the 1970s. It discusses the international community's limited role and challenges like many unregistered refugees and security/health issues. Regional initiatives by India and China supporting Myanmar are also covered. The strategies section outlines repatriation agreements between Bangladesh and Myanmar as well as UN involvement. Five-point proposals and recommendations call for constitutional amendments, diplomatic discussions, international intervention, and UN-supervised safe zones.
The Rohingya people in Myanmar's Rakhine State have faced decades of persecution, including restrictions on freedom of movement, citizenship, education, and employment. Since 2016, hundreds of thousands of Rohingya have fled military-led violence and taken refuge in Bangladesh. The crisis has been termed an "information blackhole" as Myanmar has not allowed access to human rights groups or media. Aung San Suu Kyi has faced international criticism for her response to the abuses against the Rohingya by the military.
Labor migration in Bangladesh is an important livelihood strategy and source of remittances. There are several types of migration, including internal, international, and seasonal labor migration. International labor migration provides economic benefits like remittances, which contribute to poverty reduction, but faces challenges like low wages, long working hours, and safety issues abroad. The document recommends improving access to training opportunities and legal migration channels to maximize the benefits of labor migration.
Rohingya are a Muslim ethnic group living primarily in Burma and Bangladesh. [1] They have faced decades of persecution and discrimination. [2] The Burmese government considers them non-citizens and has restricted their basic rights. [3] Hundreds of thousands of Rohingya have fled to Bangladesh and other countries to escape abuse. [4] The Rohingya remaining in Burma continue to face human rights violations including rape, forced labor, and destruction of their villages. [5] Long term solutions require changes to government policy and improving community relations and living conditions. [6] International advocacy and support for Rohingya refugees can also help address this humanitarian crisis.
Genocide aganinst rohingya muslims a classical model of ethnic cleansingBelayet Hossen
These are slides of article entitled "Genocide against Rohingya Muslims: A Classical Model of Ethnic Cleansing", which were presented in "International Conference on Forced Migration", held between 5th-7th December 2017 at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM).
The Rohingya are a Muslim ethnic minority group living in Myanmar who have faced decades of discrimination and human rights abuses. They began fleeing persecution in Myanmar in the 1970s, and over 700,000 now live in refugee camps in Bangladesh. In the camps, Rohingya refugees live in difficult conditions with inadequate access to food, healthcare, education, and other basic services. Their situation remains dire, with many continuing to die from malnutrition, disease, and lack of medical treatment due to overcrowding and insufficient support.
The Rohingya are a Muslim ethnic group who have lived for centuries in predominantly Buddhist Myanmar but currently face severe persecution. They number around 1.1 million but are denied citizenship and basic rights by the Myanmar government. Since the 1970s, the Myanmar military has conducted violent operations against the Rohingya to force them from their homes, resulting in hundreds of thousands becoming refugees in Bangladesh. International support is needed to address this humanitarian crisis and pressure Myanmar to recognize the Rohingya and end systematic human rights abuses against them.
This document provides a summary of Bangladesh's foreign policy under different political regimes, foreign aid, and international cooperation. It discusses how Bangladesh's foreign policy has evolved since independence and been influenced by different ideologies. The summary evaluates foreign policy under the regimes of Sheikh Mujib, Zia, Ershad, Khaleda Zia, and Sheikh Hasina. It notes how relations have varied with countries like India, China, Islamic states, and Western nations depending on the regime. The document also provides an overview of foreign aid to Bangladesh, including its types and development partners. It discusses both the positive impacts of aid but also issues like policy conditionalities and inhibiting domestic growth.
1) The report summarizes Bangladesh's economic growth and development, noting that GDP grew 6.5% in 2015. Key sectors driving growth include exports, remittances, agriculture and industry.
2) Challenges to maintaining and increasing growth include inadequate infrastructure like power and ports, governance issues like corruption, rapid urbanization, and lack of export competitiveness.
3) The report outlines recent economic performance and prospects, highlighting continued GDP growth projected at 6.7% in 2016, moderating inflation, and a narrowing trade deficit. Achieving higher growth will require addressing infrastructure deficits and pursuing institutional and policy reforms.
Role of UN and other NGOs in solving Syrian Refugee CrisisNepaliPadam
It was the power point presentation, presented during my second semester master degree at Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
I tries to figure out the current critical assessment of Syrian refugee crisis and how the United nation and other NGOs are working to address the refugee crisis.
Forced migration has accompanied persecution, as well as war, throughout human history but has only become a topic of serious study and discussion relatively recently. This increased attention is the result of greater ease of travel, allowing displaced persons to flee to nations far removed from their homes, the creation of an international legal structure of human rights, and the realizations that the destabilizing effects of forced migration, especially in parts of Africa, the Middle East, south and central Asia, ripple out well beyond the immediate region.
South Asia faces significant development challenges that are exacerbated by climate change. It is home to 1.53 billion people living on just 10% of Asia's land, with high population density and 66.7% of people living on less than $2 per day. Countries in the region share natural resources like water and experience complex political relations. They are highly vulnerable to disasters and climate impacts due to emissions from the power and food sectors and reliance on fossil fuels, but have low per capita emissions. Effective regional cooperation and policies are needed to mitigate future crises in food and water for the region's growing population and provide basic necessities and inclusive growth.
Sustainable development aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment for future generations. Bangladesh faces challenges of poverty but also has natural resources and a productive workforce. However, overdependence on natural resources can become a "resource curse" as seen in some oil-rich Middle Eastern nations, where wealth is concentrated and economic growth falters. Bangladesh is committed to sustainable development through policies, education programs, and balancing economic growth with environmental conservation.
It is a presentation of Bangladesh Studies,so here you will learn about how to growth up Bangladesh Economics from 1971.
Hopefully you will like this.
Thank you.
Topic: UNITED FRONT AND ELECTION IN1954 Topic: UNITED FRONT AND ELECTION IN1954 Sajib Islam
The United Front, an alliance of four political parties, won a landslide victory in the 1954 East Bengal election. They gained 228 out of 309 seats by campaigning on their 21-Point Program which called for recognizing Bengali as an official language and increasing autonomy. The Muslim League, which had ruled since 1937, suffered a major defeat winning only 7 seats. This election showed rising Bengali nationalism and secularism as well as public demand for greater provincial autonomy, ending Muslim League domination in East Bengal.
Assignment on Poverty Alleviation in BangladeshRejul Khan
The document defines and discusses poverty from several perspectives. It notes that poverty involves lack of basic needs like food, shelter, and healthcare. Poverty can be absolute, involving deprivation of basic needs, or relative, defined based on economic inequality in a given location. The document also classifies poverty into income poverty, involving insufficient funds, and non-income poverty, where quality of life is poor despite some money due to lack of services and security. It provides statistics on poverty in Bangladesh, finding around 31% of the rural population suffers from chronic poverty with inadequate consumption and nutrition. The top reasons for poverty in Bangladesh are identified as rapid population growth and corruption among high-level officials.
Banckground to bangladesh liberation warTopu Kawser
The document summarizes the background and key events leading up to the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. It discusses how East Pakistan, despite having a larger population, was politically dominated by West Pakistan. This caused growing resentment in East Pakistan that escalated after they won a landslide victory in the 1970 election but West Pakistan refused to let them have power. The document outlines the social, political, economic, and cultural discrimination faced by East Pakistanis, as well as important events like the language movement and six point movement that increased calls for independence in East Pakistan and ultimately led to the Bangladesh Liberation War.
The Rohingya refugee crisis has significantly impacted Bangladesh economically, socially, and environmentally. Over 600,000 Rohingya refugees have fled violence in Myanmar's Rakhine State since August 2017, straining Bangladesh's resources and increasing pressures on employment, cost of living, education, health services, and the environment through deforestation and waste. While Bangladesh has welcomed refugees, the large population increase poses long-term security risks and could harm Bangladesh's relationships with Myanmar and other countries like China and India, who have supported the Myanmar government's position. Sheikh Hasina's humanitarian response to the crisis has earned her the nickname "Mother of Humanity."
The Rohingya people in Myanmar's Rakhine State have faced decades of persecution, including restrictions on freedom of movement, citizenship, education, and employment. Since 2016, hundreds of thousands of Rohingya have fled military-led violence and taken refuge in Bangladesh. The crisis has been termed an "information blackhole" as Myanmar has not allowed access to human rights groups or media. Aung San Suu Kyi has faced international criticism for her response to the abuses against the Rohingya by the military.
Labor migration in Bangladesh is an important livelihood strategy and source of remittances. There are several types of migration, including internal, international, and seasonal labor migration. International labor migration provides economic benefits like remittances, which contribute to poverty reduction, but faces challenges like low wages, long working hours, and safety issues abroad. The document recommends improving access to training opportunities and legal migration channels to maximize the benefits of labor migration.
Rohingya are a Muslim ethnic group living primarily in Burma and Bangladesh. [1] They have faced decades of persecution and discrimination. [2] The Burmese government considers them non-citizens and has restricted their basic rights. [3] Hundreds of thousands of Rohingya have fled to Bangladesh and other countries to escape abuse. [4] The Rohingya remaining in Burma continue to face human rights violations including rape, forced labor, and destruction of their villages. [5] Long term solutions require changes to government policy and improving community relations and living conditions. [6] International advocacy and support for Rohingya refugees can also help address this humanitarian crisis.
Genocide aganinst rohingya muslims a classical model of ethnic cleansingBelayet Hossen
These are slides of article entitled "Genocide against Rohingya Muslims: A Classical Model of Ethnic Cleansing", which were presented in "International Conference on Forced Migration", held between 5th-7th December 2017 at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM).
The Rohingya are a Muslim ethnic minority group living in Myanmar who have faced decades of discrimination and human rights abuses. They began fleeing persecution in Myanmar in the 1970s, and over 700,000 now live in refugee camps in Bangladesh. In the camps, Rohingya refugees live in difficult conditions with inadequate access to food, healthcare, education, and other basic services. Their situation remains dire, with many continuing to die from malnutrition, disease, and lack of medical treatment due to overcrowding and insufficient support.
The Rohingya are a Muslim ethnic group who have lived for centuries in predominantly Buddhist Myanmar but currently face severe persecution. They number around 1.1 million but are denied citizenship and basic rights by the Myanmar government. Since the 1970s, the Myanmar military has conducted violent operations against the Rohingya to force them from their homes, resulting in hundreds of thousands becoming refugees in Bangladesh. International support is needed to address this humanitarian crisis and pressure Myanmar to recognize the Rohingya and end systematic human rights abuses against them.
This document provides a summary of Bangladesh's foreign policy under different political regimes, foreign aid, and international cooperation. It discusses how Bangladesh's foreign policy has evolved since independence and been influenced by different ideologies. The summary evaluates foreign policy under the regimes of Sheikh Mujib, Zia, Ershad, Khaleda Zia, and Sheikh Hasina. It notes how relations have varied with countries like India, China, Islamic states, and Western nations depending on the regime. The document also provides an overview of foreign aid to Bangladesh, including its types and development partners. It discusses both the positive impacts of aid but also issues like policy conditionalities and inhibiting domestic growth.
1) The report summarizes Bangladesh's economic growth and development, noting that GDP grew 6.5% in 2015. Key sectors driving growth include exports, remittances, agriculture and industry.
2) Challenges to maintaining and increasing growth include inadequate infrastructure like power and ports, governance issues like corruption, rapid urbanization, and lack of export competitiveness.
3) The report outlines recent economic performance and prospects, highlighting continued GDP growth projected at 6.7% in 2016, moderating inflation, and a narrowing trade deficit. Achieving higher growth will require addressing infrastructure deficits and pursuing institutional and policy reforms.
Role of UN and other NGOs in solving Syrian Refugee CrisisNepaliPadam
It was the power point presentation, presented during my second semester master degree at Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
I tries to figure out the current critical assessment of Syrian refugee crisis and how the United nation and other NGOs are working to address the refugee crisis.
Forced migration has accompanied persecution, as well as war, throughout human history but has only become a topic of serious study and discussion relatively recently. This increased attention is the result of greater ease of travel, allowing displaced persons to flee to nations far removed from their homes, the creation of an international legal structure of human rights, and the realizations that the destabilizing effects of forced migration, especially in parts of Africa, the Middle East, south and central Asia, ripple out well beyond the immediate region.
South Asia faces significant development challenges that are exacerbated by climate change. It is home to 1.53 billion people living on just 10% of Asia's land, with high population density and 66.7% of people living on less than $2 per day. Countries in the region share natural resources like water and experience complex political relations. They are highly vulnerable to disasters and climate impacts due to emissions from the power and food sectors and reliance on fossil fuels, but have low per capita emissions. Effective regional cooperation and policies are needed to mitigate future crises in food and water for the region's growing population and provide basic necessities and inclusive growth.
Sustainable development aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment for future generations. Bangladesh faces challenges of poverty but also has natural resources and a productive workforce. However, overdependence on natural resources can become a "resource curse" as seen in some oil-rich Middle Eastern nations, where wealth is concentrated and economic growth falters. Bangladesh is committed to sustainable development through policies, education programs, and balancing economic growth with environmental conservation.
It is a presentation of Bangladesh Studies,so here you will learn about how to growth up Bangladesh Economics from 1971.
Hopefully you will like this.
Thank you.
Topic: UNITED FRONT AND ELECTION IN1954 Topic: UNITED FRONT AND ELECTION IN1954 Sajib Islam
The United Front, an alliance of four political parties, won a landslide victory in the 1954 East Bengal election. They gained 228 out of 309 seats by campaigning on their 21-Point Program which called for recognizing Bengali as an official language and increasing autonomy. The Muslim League, which had ruled since 1937, suffered a major defeat winning only 7 seats. This election showed rising Bengali nationalism and secularism as well as public demand for greater provincial autonomy, ending Muslim League domination in East Bengal.
Assignment on Poverty Alleviation in BangladeshRejul Khan
The document defines and discusses poverty from several perspectives. It notes that poverty involves lack of basic needs like food, shelter, and healthcare. Poverty can be absolute, involving deprivation of basic needs, or relative, defined based on economic inequality in a given location. The document also classifies poverty into income poverty, involving insufficient funds, and non-income poverty, where quality of life is poor despite some money due to lack of services and security. It provides statistics on poverty in Bangladesh, finding around 31% of the rural population suffers from chronic poverty with inadequate consumption and nutrition. The top reasons for poverty in Bangladesh are identified as rapid population growth and corruption among high-level officials.
Banckground to bangladesh liberation warTopu Kawser
The document summarizes the background and key events leading up to the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. It discusses how East Pakistan, despite having a larger population, was politically dominated by West Pakistan. This caused growing resentment in East Pakistan that escalated after they won a landslide victory in the 1970 election but West Pakistan refused to let them have power. The document outlines the social, political, economic, and cultural discrimination faced by East Pakistanis, as well as important events like the language movement and six point movement that increased calls for independence in East Pakistan and ultimately led to the Bangladesh Liberation War.
The Rohingya refugee crisis has significantly impacted Bangladesh economically, socially, and environmentally. Over 600,000 Rohingya refugees have fled violence in Myanmar's Rakhine State since August 2017, straining Bangladesh's resources and increasing pressures on employment, cost of living, education, health services, and the environment through deforestation and waste. While Bangladesh has welcomed refugees, the large population increase poses long-term security risks and could harm Bangladesh's relationships with Myanmar and other countries like China and India, who have supported the Myanmar government's position. Sheikh Hasina's humanitarian response to the crisis has earned her the nickname "Mother of Humanity."
This document discusses the citizenship issues surrounding the Bengali population in Burma's Arakan State, also known as Rohingya. It provides historical context on how Bengalis entered Arakan as laborers under British rule and remained after independence. It argues the Bengalis are not a native ethnic group and should not be granted citizenship under Burma's 1982 citizenship law. The document also discusses the sectarian violence in 2012 between Arakan Buddhists and Bengali Muslims and accusations of human rights abuses. It rejects calls to amend the citizenship law or label Bengalis an indigenous group in Burma.
HUMAN RIGHT WATCH AND BURMA(MYANMAR) UPDATE JULY 2018MYO AUNG Myanmar
HUMAN RIGHT WATCH AND BURMA(MYANMAR) UPDATE JULY 2018
https://www.hrw.org/sitesearch/BURMA%202018
https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/07/09/us-strengthen-targeted-sanctions-burma
US: Strengthen Targeted Sanctions on Burma
46 Groups Call Legislation ‘Imperative’ to Address Atrocities
https://www.hrw.org/video-photos/satellite-imagery/2018/02/23/demolition-gwa-son
February 23, 2018-Demolition of Gwa Son
https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/07/09/reuters-journalists-charged-myanmar
July 9, 2018 3:30PM EDT Dispatches
Reuters Journalists Charged in Myanmar
Targeted for Exposing Massacre of Rohingya
https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/07/04/myanmar-accountability-needed-stem-continuing-abuses-against-rohingya
July 4, 2018 11:18AM EDT
Myanmar: Accountability needed to stem continuing abuses against Rohingya
Interactive dialogue with the High Commissioner for Human Rights
https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/04/02/myanmar-quash-conviction-former-child-soldier
April 2, 2018 12:00AM EDT
Myanmar: Quash Conviction of Former Child Soldier
Protect Victims of Underage Military Recruitment
The document discusses the plight of the Rohingya people in Myanmar and their refugee crisis. It notes that the Rohingya have faced decades of persecution in Myanmar and were stripped of citizenship rights, leading hundreds of thousands to flee as refugees. Many Rohingya refugees have sought shelter in neighboring countries like Malaysia, but countries struggle with the influx. The document outlines Malaysia's response, which has been to provide temporary protection, services, and advocate for a peaceful solution through international cooperation and dialogue to address the root causes in Myanmar.
The document discusses political and religious tensions in South Asia, specifically focusing on Bangladesh, Burma, and Sri Lanka. In Bangladesh, the Rohingya Muslim minority is fleeing persecution in Burma and becoming refugees, straining Bangladesh's resources. Buddhists also face attacks in Bangladesh as a religious minority. In Sri Lanka, the government is working to bring back Tamil refugees who fled the country during the civil war, but refugees have hesitations due to the country's past actions and lack of response. The death of an influential Hindu nationalist leader in India has also increased fears of potential religious violence there.
The document provides background information on federalism and discusses how federalism could help address issues in the Philippines. It defines federalism as a system that shares powers between the federal and regional governments. It notes that most stable countries have federal systems while unitary systems are more prone to corruption. It outlines how federalism could establish powerful economic regions, provide funding support to less developed areas, empower local governments, and provide incentives for development outside Metro Manila. Federalism could also help address the Mindanao conflict and reduce the influence of political dynasties. Overall, the document argues that adopting a federal system in the Philippines could lead to more balanced development, greater local autonomy, and help solve long-standing problems.
Healthcare issues of the rohingya and the lack of support from the ASEAN organization. This ppt describes the current situation of the rohingya under the burmese military.
https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/federalism-considerations-form-myanmar.pdf
Natural Resource Federalism:Considerations for Myanmar
https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/federalism-considerations-for-myanmar-summary.pdf
Natural Resource Federalism:Considerations for Myanmar
Andrew Bauer, Natalie Kirk and Sebastian Sahla with contributions from Khin Saw Htay, Ko Ko Lwin and Paul Shortell
https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Summary-for-December-2017.pdf
Summary of situation update for December 2017
https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/JST.jpg
https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/2018/01/23/urgent-humanitarian-update-for-kachin-state-january-23-2018/
URGENT HUMANITARIAN UPDATE FOR KACHIN STATE JANUARY 23, 2018
Current Affairs 22 August English By RaceIAS.pdfraceias1
The Civil Services examination & Forest services examination both are conducted by Union Public Services Commission, which conducts the Preliminary examination every year. This examination is the first & foremost hurdle of UPSC CSE Exam.
This international human rights organization has worked with Rohingya refugees since 2008 on various projects to protect human rights. It has played a key role in providing media outlets like BBC, The Guardian, and Al Jazeera with access and information on the Rohingya situation.
UNITED NATION ORGANIZATION AND ROHINGYA REFUGEE CRISIS 2018 MYO AUNG Myanmar
UNITED NATION AND ROHINGYA REFUGEE CRISIS 2018
https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/07/1013702
United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres visited Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh on Monday, declaring that “nothing could have prepared me for the scale of the crisis and extent of suffering” he witnessed there.
https://www.facebook.com/rfaburmese/posts/10157904174063128
တပ္အာဏာႀကီးမားမႈဟာ မြတ္စလင္ျပႆနာေျဖရွင္းဖို႔ အဓိကအတားအဆီးလို႔ ကုလအတြင္းေရးမွဴးခ်ဳပ္ေျပာ
~~~~~~~~~~~
■ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံမွာ တပ္မေတာ္က အာဏာကို တင္းတင္းၾကပ္ၾကပ္ ဆုတ္ကိုင္ထားတဲ့ အခ်က္ဟာ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာပဋိပကၡ ေျဖရွင္းႏုိင္ဖို႔ အဓိက အတားအဆီးျဖစ္တယ္လုိ႔ ကုလသမဂၢ အတြင္းေရးမွဴးခ်ဳပ္ အန္တိုနီယို ဂူတားရက္စ္က ေျပာလိုက္ပါတယ္။
https://news.un.org/en/search/MYANMAR
https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/07/1013672
UN chief applauds Bangladesh for ‘opening borders’ to Rohingya refugees in need
https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/06/1013602
UN chief heads to Bangladesh to spotlight continuing perils facing Rohingya refugees
https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/06/1013212
UN rights expert ‘strongly recommends’ probe by International Criminal Court into ‘decades of crimes’ in Myanmar
https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/06/1012792
Myanmar: New UN envoy offers to serve ‘as a bridge’, recognizes ‘positive steps’ over Rakhine state
https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/06/1012372
UN mobilizes in Rohingya camps to support babies born of rape; young mothers face stigma
https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/06/1012352
FROM THE FIELD: Rohingya babies conceived out of 'incomprehensible brutality'
https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/06/1011852
Rohingya refugee shelters ‘washed away’ in Bangladesh monsoon rains: UN agency
https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/06/1011491
UN agencies and Myanmar ink agreement, setting stage for Rohingya return
https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/06/1011171
UN agencies and Myanmar lay groundwork for possible Rohingya return
https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/05/1010402
New project safeguards Rohingya refugees; boosts local farming – UN migration agency
This document discusses the plight of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh and the principle of non-refoulement under international law. It notes that over 1 million Rohingya have fled Myanmar due to persecution and ethnic cleansing. While Bangladesh hosts many refugees, it has refouled some back to Myanmar where they face risks. The document argues that non-refoulement is a peremptory norm, and that Bangladesh has obligations under international treaties like the ICCPR to not return refugees to situations where they may face persecution or harm.
This document discusses forced migration using the examples of Rohingya refugees and Syrian refugees. It defines forced migration as migration caused by conflicts, persecution, disasters or development projects. The Rohingya crisis is discussed, explaining how Rohingya faced discrimination in Burma based on their ethnicity, language and religion, forcing hundreds of thousands to flee to Bangladesh and India. The Syrian refugee crisis is also summarized, outlining how the Syrian civil war since 2011 has displaced millions of Syrians internally and to neighboring countries like Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan. In both cases, refugees face challenges in meeting basic needs and lack of protection in host countries.
This document discusses human rights for refugees and provides information about refugee laws and conventions. It begins with an introduction defining what constitutes a refugee under international law. It then discusses the objectives of refugee camps, including providing protection and assistance to refugees. Finally, it concludes that while there are international conventions regarding refugees, the issue still poses many challenges and there is a need for India to establish its own refugee laws to better protect and support refugees within its borders.
This document summarizes the plight of Rohingya refugee children who have fled violence in Myanmar and crossed into Bangladesh. Over half a million refugees, including 340,000 children, are living in dire conditions in overcrowded camps with inadequate access to food, water, sanitation, and other basic needs. The children have witnessed extreme violence and trauma but have little access to education, counseling, or other support services. There is an urgent need for increased humanitarian aid and protection for these vulnerable children.
What's really behind the rakhine crisis in myanmar!!!!!MYO AUNG Myanmar
What's Really Behind the Rakhine Crisis in Myanmar?
https://sputniknews.com/analysis/201709051057098493-myanmar-rohingya-energy-china-soros/
The Rakhine conflict in Myanmar, which had caught its second wind in August 2017, appears to be a multidimensional crisis with major geopolitical players involved, experts say, referring to both internal and external reasons behind the recent upsurge in violence in the country.
The Rakhine conflict, which erupted between Buddhists and Muslims in Myanmar's western Rakhine state in late August, was apparently fanned by external global players, Dmitry Mosyakov, director of the Centre for Southeast Asia, Australia and Oceania at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, told RT.
According to the academic, the conflict has at least three dimensions.
"First, this is a game against China, as China has very large investments in Arakan [Rakhine]," Mosyakov told RT.
"Second, it is aimed at fuelling Muslim extremism in Southeast Asia….
Third, it's the attempt to sow discord within ASEAN [between Myanmar and Muslim-dominated Indonesia and Malaysia]."
https://sputniknews.com/politics/201709031057035739-uk-myanmar-state-counsellor-end-violence/
https://sputniknews.com/russia/201709031057050283-rally-rohingy-myanmar-moscow/
https://sputniknews.com/world/201708301056937810-zarif-rohingya-myanmar-un/
https://sputniknews.com/asia/201709081057210915-moscow-myanmar-crisis-pressure/
https://sputniknews.com/politics/201709041057081489-myanmar-rohingya-muslim-crisis/
Research Interests: Myanmar, FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND RAKHINE STATE CIRCUMSTANCES, and rakhine crsis
Myanmar_Protecting_Minority_Rights - 30 May 2013_FINAL REPORTSushetha Gopallawa
In its rush to normalize relations with Myanmar, the international community must not ignore increasing abuses against ethnic minorities in Rakhine and Kachin States. Over 100,000 people remain displaced in camps in Kachin State with limited humanitarian access, while Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine State live in fear due to restrictions, flooding risks, and lack of citizenship rights. The UN and Myanmar government must ensure full humanitarian access and protect minority rights to end suffering and find durable solutions for displaced communities.
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MHRD Asia Pacific Global Classroom paper: http://bit.ly/AsiaPacificPaper
Presentation - Plight of refugee and refugee like situations in Asia and Pacific: http://bit.ly/AsiaPacificPresentation
Presentation for Climate Change and Displaced People workshop: http://bit.ly/ClimateDisplacement
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Implications of the rohingya crisis for bangladesh
1.
2. INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY CHITTAGONG
Kumira, Sitakunda, Chittagong. Phone:IIUC PABX :0304-251155
www.iiuc.ac.bd
.
Department Of Economics & Banking.
Course Code: ECON-3507
Course Name: Bangladesh Economy
.
Submitted To: SM RIZVI
ID No:EB161045
Semester: 5th.
Submitted By: Juynal Uddin, Lecturer, IIUC
Submission Date: 24/07/2018
3. Table of Content
1. Introduction
2. Rohingya refugee crisis and Influx seen in Bangladesh
3. Dealing with the Recent Challenges
4. Bangladesh Faced : Impect of the Rohingya crisis
5. Budgetary Implications
6. Conclusions and Recommendations
5. 1.1 Who are the Rohingyas?
The Rohingyas are one of the most
Persecuted Communities in the world.
They have been living in the state of
Arakan since the 8th Century.
They have been under extreme scrutiny
by the Burmese government.
They haven't been recognised as citizens
of The Union of Burma since Burmese
independence in 1948, instead they are
known as 'Non Citizens‘.
1 Million Rohingya living in Myanmar
(before the 2016–17)
The majority are Muslim while a minority
are Hindu.
Described by the United Nations in 2013
as one of the most persecuted minorities
in the world, the Rohingya population is
denied citizenship under the 1982
Myanmar Nationality Law.
1.2 Why are the Rohingyas in Trouble?
The Burmese Junta have discriminated the
Rohingya, because they are not similar in Looks,
Speak A Different Language, Have A Different
Religion.
As a means of clamping down on the Rohingya, the
Junta have restricted even the most basic of Rights
Such As Education, Marriage And Citizenship.
The Burmese government endorse the Burmese
Culture and the Buddhist faith for their National
Citizens.
But the Rohingyas fall outside of this ideal criteria
because they want to retain their own culture and
the Muslim faith.
As a result, the Rohingyas, sidelined and
marginalised, have to live with their Derogatory
National status of 'non-citizens‘.
6. The Rohingya people have been described as "One Of The
World's Least Wanted Minorities" and "some of the world's most
persecuted people“.
The Rohingya are deprived of the Right To Free Movement and
the Right To Higher Education.
They have been denied Burmese citizenship since the 1982
nationality law was enacted. Post the 1982 law, Burma has had
different types of citizenship.
Citizens were possessed Red Identity Cards; Rohingyas were
given white cards, essentially labeling them as foreigners in
Burma.
Limitations and restrictions imposed on Rohingya are facilitated
by this difference in citizenship. For example, Rohingyas cannot
enlist in the army or participate in the government, and are
potentially faced with the issue of illegal immigration.
The citizenship law also significantly underlies the human rights
violations against the Rohingya by the military
1.3 Human rights abuses against the Rohingyas in Burma
Source://wikipedia.org
8. Before the 2015 Rohingya refugee crisis and the military crackdown in 2016 and 2017, the Rohingya population in Myanmar was
around 1.0 to 1.3 million, chiefly in the northern Rakhine townships, which were 80–98% Rohingya.
Since 25 August 2017 To 25 October 2017, over
605,000 Rohingya refugees have fled to South Eastern
Bangladesh (Cox’s Bazar District) alone, and more to
other surrounding countries, and major Muslim
nations.
More than 100,000 Rohingyas in Myanmar are
confined in camps for internally displaced persons.
Shortly before a Rohingya Rebel Attack That Killed 12
Security Forces, August 25, 2017, the Myanmar
military had launched "Clearance Operations" against
the Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine state that left over
3,000 Dead, many more injured, tortured or raped,
villages burned.
Over 603,000 Rohingya from Myanmar, fled to
Bangladesh alone, and more to other countries.
According to Refugee Relief And Repatriation Commission, About 821,000 Rohingyas entered Bangladesh until November 5,2017.
Figure 1: Rohingya influx to Bangladesh since November 5, 2017
Around 203,431 Rohingyaswere Already Living In Ukhiyaand Teknafupazilaof Cox’s Bazar who entered Bangladesh
during July 2005-24 August 2017.
Ukhiya and Teknaf upazilas of Cox’s Bazar are the focal areas of Rohingya camps.
Except these two areas, about 200,000 Rohingyas are living in the surrounding area of Ramu, Cox’s Bazar pourosova, Bandarban,
Chittagong and other areas of Chittagong district.
2.1 How is the Rohingya refugee crisis and Influx seen in Bangladesh?
Source://cpd.org.bd
9. Till 25 October 2017, a cumulative number of Rohingyas staying in
Bangladeshis 1,008,431 .These include both old and new entrants.
Figure 2 shows the distribution of the Rohingyas in different areas
of Cox’sBazar.
Figure 2: Distribution of the
Rohingyas in Bangladesh (%)
Figure 3: Rohingyav Sites in Bangladesh
(by population and area)
Figure 3 shows the distribution and estimated
number of the Rohingyas(based on UN OCHA
figures) living in different areas of Cox’s Bazar.
Retrieved from:
https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/bangladesh/infographic/bangladesh-
cox%E2%80%99s-bazar-refugee-population-21-june-2018
2.2 Rohingya refugee crisis and Influx seen in Bangladesh
11. 3.1 How to humanitarian Support for Rohingyas ?
At a pledging conference in Geneva organized by the United
Nations, IOM, UNHCR ,OCHA And Co-hosted By Kuwait And The
European Union (EU), a total of US$ 434 Million was sought as
humanitarian assistance to the Rohingya people.
The Ministry Of Disaster Management and RELIEF OF
THE GOB and Several National and International
Organizations have been providing humanitarian support
to the Rohingyas.
A total of USD 344 Million was committed by 35 sources at the pledging conference.
According to UN website(UNOCHA) total incoming fund is equivalent to USD 143.19 MILLION AS OF 10 NOVEMBER 2017
which is 33% Of Appeal Fund.
Table 1: Funding Progress by Appeal Sector (as of 10 November, 2017)
Table 2: Organization based Relief Initiatives
Source: UN OCHA, 2017.
12. 3.2 Diplomatic feat around of Rohingya issue
The UNHCR has termed the atrocities against the Rohingyas in Myanmar as ethnic cleansing.
The Five-point Proposal That The Prime Minister Placed At The 72nd UNGA Session On Sept 21 Includes-:
Myanmar must unconditionally stop the violence and the practice of ethnic cleansing in the Rakhine State
immediately and forever.
Secretary General of the United Nations should immediately send a Fact-Finding Mission to Myanmar.
All civilians irrespective of religion and ethnicity must be protected in Myanmar. For that "safe zones“ could be
created inside Myanmar under UN supervision.
UN Security Council Calls on Myanmar to end excessive military force
and intercommunal violence in Rakhine state.
Kofi Annan Commission Calls on Myanmar to resolve Rohingya crisis in
Rakhine.
The EU Has Renewed its sanctions against Myanmar until 30 April 2018
that imposes embargo on providing Myanmar with arms and goods.
The US Has Declared Withdrawal of military assistance from Myanmar in
the view Myanmar treatment to the Rohingya people.
Re-imposition of targeted sanctions on Myanmar is also being considered
by the USA.
Ensure sustainable return of all forcibly displaced Rohingyas in
Bangladesh to their homes in Myanmar.
The recommendations of Kofi Annan Commission Report must be
immediately implemented unconditionally and in its entirety.
Prime Minister of Bangladesh
13. 3.3 Legal Status of Rohingyas
Rohingyas have been Suffering From Identify Crisis for long.
Despite their contributions to the economy and society their Origin, Ethnicity And Identity have been questioned.
The Myanmar government identifies them as “Illegal Bengali Immigrants To Myanmar”.
Bangladesh has strongly opposed Myanmar’s Official Position on the ethnic identity of the Rohingyas as “illegal
Bengali immigrants to Myanmar”.
The government of Bangladesh does not recognize them as Rohingya refugees from Myanmar and has defined them
as “Forcefully Displaced Myanmar Citizens”.
Bangladesh is Signatory To Several International Human Rights Treaties. Their provisions indirectly promote the rights
of refugees. However, they are not enforceable in courts of law.
Bangladesh has been issuing identity cards to the Rohingyas as Myanmar Nationals.
These Myanmar Nationals have been Biometrically Registered By Immigration And Passport Department of
Bangladesh. The Registered Rohingyas receive Three Types Of Humanitarian Support Including Relief, Medical
Support And Shelter.
BD Home Minister Visited Myanmar On 24-27 October 2017 and discussed possible way store patriate the Rohingyas
back to Myanmar with the Myanmar’s minister for home affairs.
During the visit Bangladesh and Myanmar Signed Two Agreements On Security And Border Cooperation.
They agreed to take concrete efforts and measures for Safe, Honour Able And Secured Return of the Rohingyas to
their home land Myanmar.
They Agreed To Restore Normalcy In The Rakhaine State to enable the displaced Myanmar citizen to return to their
home land at the earliest.
3.3 Rohingya crisis :Bilateral Agreement
Source://cpd.org.bd
15. 4.1 How many impact of the Rohingya crisis Challenges on Bangladesh?
Bangladesh will face several challenges due to the emergent Rohingyacrisis from 3 main aspects –economic, social
and environmental. The extent of the impact of such challenges will depend on the length of stay of the Rohingyas.
Economic Impact
Pressure On Employment : There were several indications of changing structure of
the employment in the local economy
Depression Of Daily Wage: The daily wage earners are also switching to work with
the aid agencies to work in the camps since the jobs are readily available. This
creates problems for the farmers since it has now become difficult for them to find
labourers to work in their farms.
Local People Created Small Business: Some local people have created small
businesses to sell fish, vegetables, bamboos, sticks, etc inside the camps. Sinces
shelters are mostly made of bamboos, the bamboos have become a booming
business.
Cost Of Living
Loss Of School Years : Many local students, who previously had no work, are
working with the development partners in various capacities. A student who has
passed HSC are eligible for thejobs.
Loss Of Tourism (Especially In St. Martin): Tour Operators in Cox’s Bazar claim that
“risk of losing more than a million tourists this season
Health Issues
16. Social Impact
4.1 Impact of the Rohingya crisis Challenges on Bangladesh
Population And Child Birth: Several NGO workers noted that the Rohingyas lack awareness regarding family planning. The
Rohingya population in the camps is likely to increase in the coming days which will put further pressure on food,
employment, health and other basic needs.
Health Concerns
According to one of the NGOs working on WASH, each latrine is dedicated for10 families i.e. 60 people while each of their tube-well
is placed for 50 families.
Concerns exist regarding the latrine pits as some latrines have2-3 ring swhich means they get filled up fast.
There are also concerns regarding the placement of tube-wells because some of the implementers have installed shallow ones at a
much lower height(30-40feet).
The children in the camps either have no shoes or do not want to wear them at all. Hence, there is a high risk of diseases.
More over, the make shift shelters do not have any windows.
With cooking done mostly indoors, the risk of respiratory infection is high.
Major Needs Of The Rohingyas: During the FGDs, it was evident that their major problems were Water, Bathing place for
women, Sanitation, Cooking fuel.
Education: The implications of education are two-fold-for locals and the Rohingyas
Perception Of Local People:
During our interview of the Rohingyas, we found out that the Rohingyas had tried to get into the local villages to collect firewood.
But the villagers didn’t allow them entry andc onfiscated the tools and knives the Rohingyas were carrying.
Locals were found to be discontent due to the following reasons: price hike of essentials, aid received by the Rohingyas, security
concern sand loss of income.
Law And Order: Human Trafficking, Forced prostitution, Fake Identity, Drug Cartel, SIM Cards
17. Environmental Impact
Deforestation :
Total Forest Area in Cox’s Bazar (2016):2,092,016 acres
Due to Rohingya influx, initial loss of forest area:3,500acres
Which is equivalent to 1.67% loss in Cox’s bazar forest area
and 0.05% loss in total national forest area.
The value of forest land occupied by the Rohingyas has been
estimated to be BDT500 crore.
Land Degradation
Scarcity Of Cprs
Indoor Air Pollution
Waste Management:
Major shelter materials in Camp area are tarpaulin,
aluminum and bamboo which are non disposable item
except bamboo.
Drinking water are supplied to the Rohingya camps through
plastic container that is another non disposable item and
harmful for the environment.
Ecosystem And Bio Diversity
Environmental Risk for Physical Impacts at the Rohingya Camp Areas
4.1 Impact of the Rohingya crisis Challenges on Bangladesh
Source://cpd.org.bd
19. 5.1 Estimation of Requirements for the Rohingyas
The funding requirement by sector for 1.2 million Rohingya people
staying in Bangladesh for the Next Six Months (September 2017-
February 2018) is estimated to be USD 434 Million (UN OCHA,
2017).
Appeal for additional requirement for USD 83.7 MILLION has been
made by UNHCR.
This makes the total need for the Rohingyasduring September 2017
–February 2018, USD 517.78 MILLION (source: UN website).
5.2 Future fund requirement for the Rohingyas
CPD has estimated the Fund Requirement for FY2017-18 i.e. from
September 2017 to June 2018 (10Months) based on the estimation of
the UNHCR.
Assuming the requirement will be the same ,an amount of USD882
million or BDT7,126 Crore will be required for 10months
(September2017–June2018).
Thus, Expenditure Required per Rohingya for the period September
2017 to June 2018 is USD735 or BDT59,388.
Per day expenditure per Rohingya stands at USD2.45 or BDT198.
Additional Funding Requirements for the
Rohingyas(in USD million)
Funding Requirements for the
Rohingyas(in USD million)
Source: UNOCHA(2017)
20. 5.3 What is the cost to the government of Bangladesh?
The humanitarian support currently provided by the International
Organization Will Not Continue For A Long Period.
Hence, the burden will befall on the government of Bangladesh.
The extent of government expenditure for the Rohingyas will depend on the
length of stay of the Rohingyas.
Given the present budgetary framework for FY 2017-18, there is not much
room for additional public spending.
Discussions are on going for loan from the World Bank.
Estimation of requirements by UNHCRfor 6
months (September 2017-February 2018)
CPD estimation of requirements for 10
months (September 2017-June 2018) The requirement for September2017–June 2018 (USD 882MILLION) is
equivalent to: 1.8% of national budget for FY2017-18, 0.3% OF GDP of
FY2017-18, 2.5% OF TOTAL REVENUE, 13.1% Of Social Protection and
Empowerment Allocation for FY2017-18
Based on the funding requirements estimated by UNOCHA (2017),
Scenario 1: The Second-six Months (March 2018-august 2018)
Assumptions:
Donors do not incur the total fund requirement
GoB pays 50% of the required funds
Shelter and WASH structures from last period still remains usable
Inflation rate during FY2017-18: 5.8% (7thFYP)
Exchange Rate: USD 1 = BDT 80.8 (BB: September 2017)
TOTAL COST TO GOB:
USD 167.8 MILLION OR
BDT 1,356 CRORE
Share Of Budget 2017-
18:
0.4%
Share Of GDP:
0.1%
21. Scenario 2: The Third-six Months (September 2018-februrary2019)
5.3 What is the cost to the government of Bangladesh?
Assumptions:
Donors do not incur the total fund requirement
GoB pays 50% of the required funds
Since the area is disaster prone, half of the shelters and WASH
structures have to be built
Inflation rate during FY2018-19 :5.7%(7thFYP)
Exchange Rate for FY2018-19: USD 1 = BDT 83.1 (7thFYP)
Total Cost To GoB:
USD240 Million
Or
BDT 2,000 Crore
Share of Budget 2018-19:
0.8%
Share of GDP**:
0.13%
5.4 Shortcomings of the cost estimations?
The estimated requirement by various organisations is only indicative as those are the direct costs to be incurred
for the Rohingyas.
If the Rohingyas are to be relocated in the proposed Bhashanchar Area, There Will Be Cost For Development Of
Land And Infrastructure.
Implicit costs for the loss of ecosystem due to Deforestation, And Morbidity And Mortality Due To Health
Problems Can Be Large.
Many of these costs cannot be Translated In Monetary Terms. These costs are also Irreversible.
Source://cpd.org.bd
23. The Rohingya crisis has given rise to multi-dimensional problem for Bangladesh.
While the government of Bangladesh and international and non government organizations are playing the critical role to
provide humanitarian support to the Rohingyas ,major global players are yet to take strong positions in resolving the
crisis.
Inview of the emergent challenges, a number of measures need to be under taken. Some of these areas follows:
The Government of Bangladesh has to continue energetic diplomacy, particularly with the regional partners to solve
the problem. Platforms such as BIMSTEC and BCIM which aim to deepening regional and sub-regional trade,
investment and transport connectivity should be used for arriving ata solution.
Extra-regional platforms such as ASEAN should play a role for addressing the crisis.
An in-depth study to assess the short, medium and long-term implications for domestic and foreign resources should
be undertaken. All explicit and implicit costs related to the Rohingya crisis should be estimated.
Preparation for post-Geneva follow-up meeting for resource mobilization has to begin now.
Support for the Rohingyas from the donors such as the World Bank should in the form of grants only. Hence, World
Bank’s grant and loan components should be unpacked.
Security measures in the Rohingya camps and adjacent areas, particularly in the Southern of the country have to be
strengthened. The law enforcing agencies have to be vigilant to stop illegal activities, drug trade, trafficking and
terrorism.
Conclusions and Recommendations