It's contains about Islam and Muslim people in Myanmar and how the Muslim deals with Buddhist and their relation. It is also contain history of Islam and Buddha arrival in Myanmar.
It's contains about Islam and Muslim people in Myanmar and how the Muslim deals with Buddhist and their relation. It is also contain history of Islam and Buddha arrival in Myanmar.
its about aims and objectives. the people before 1947 , what kind of thinking they have and what are the diffrences between them and us.
dont just read it , try to understand the feelings about our dear homeland
Two States Created in Name of Religion by classes not really religious !Agha A
13 November, 2010
Two States Created in Name of Religion by classes not really religious !
Does the Pakistani liberal Exist
Does the Pakistani liberal Exist ?
An explanation why misuse of religion by so called liberal Indo Pak Muslims made Pakistan the most dangerous place in the world.
So called secular Muslims of Indo Pak were speraheads of creation of separate Muslim majority state of India as they wanted political powers , and jobs and to monopolise the business and finance.
While the so called fundamentalist Muslims who we now call extremists were in favour of living with non Muslims in a united India !
As a matter of fact Islamic Party leader Maududi dismissed Pakistans war with India in 1947-48 as a war that cannot be termed as a Jihad.
This is very similar to case of Israel where secular Jews or Zionists wanted a separate Jewish state whereas the orthodox Jews were opposed to a Jewish state.
After all the aim of creation of a state is not religion at all ,a lthough religion may be used as like a condom to achieve an end as in case of both Pakistan and Israel !
The real aim of creation of both states was patronage and domination over jobs, business and political power and this was successfully achieved by both Muslim classes in Pakistan and Jews in Israel , both of whom were not really interested in actual essence of Islam or Judaism !
A great British author Prof Francis Robinson brilliantly researched this thesis in his magnum bonum “ Separatism among Indian Muslims” while another brilliant US professor David Lelyveld brilliantly researched the same theme in “Aligarh –The First Generation”.
As my grandfathers both paternal and maternal belong to this so called secular generation who wanted Pakistan , I can perfectly understand this !
And the net result since both Pakistan and Israel were created in name of religion whith which they had little real connection , both are destabilizing factors , and to make it more difficult both are nuclear weapon armed states !
Both were created with British support or American support and both are now biggest headaches today for the USA.But the USA cannot do anything about it !
Does the Pakistani liberal Exist ?
by
Major Agha H Amin (Retired)
13 November 2010
Misuse of Islam by westernised Muslim elite to achieve petty and narrow political and class agendas laid the foundation of Muslim extremism in India and Pakistan after 1947
its about aims and objectives. the people before 1947 , what kind of thinking they have and what are the diffrences between them and us.
dont just read it , try to understand the feelings about our dear homeland
Two States Created in Name of Religion by classes not really religious !Agha A
13 November, 2010
Two States Created in Name of Religion by classes not really religious !
Does the Pakistani liberal Exist
Does the Pakistani liberal Exist ?
An explanation why misuse of religion by so called liberal Indo Pak Muslims made Pakistan the most dangerous place in the world.
So called secular Muslims of Indo Pak were speraheads of creation of separate Muslim majority state of India as they wanted political powers , and jobs and to monopolise the business and finance.
While the so called fundamentalist Muslims who we now call extremists were in favour of living with non Muslims in a united India !
As a matter of fact Islamic Party leader Maududi dismissed Pakistans war with India in 1947-48 as a war that cannot be termed as a Jihad.
This is very similar to case of Israel where secular Jews or Zionists wanted a separate Jewish state whereas the orthodox Jews were opposed to a Jewish state.
After all the aim of creation of a state is not religion at all ,a lthough religion may be used as like a condom to achieve an end as in case of both Pakistan and Israel !
The real aim of creation of both states was patronage and domination over jobs, business and political power and this was successfully achieved by both Muslim classes in Pakistan and Jews in Israel , both of whom were not really interested in actual essence of Islam or Judaism !
A great British author Prof Francis Robinson brilliantly researched this thesis in his magnum bonum “ Separatism among Indian Muslims” while another brilliant US professor David Lelyveld brilliantly researched the same theme in “Aligarh –The First Generation”.
As my grandfathers both paternal and maternal belong to this so called secular generation who wanted Pakistan , I can perfectly understand this !
And the net result since both Pakistan and Israel were created in name of religion whith which they had little real connection , both are destabilizing factors , and to make it more difficult both are nuclear weapon armed states !
Both were created with British support or American support and both are now biggest headaches today for the USA.But the USA cannot do anything about it !
Does the Pakistani liberal Exist ?
by
Major Agha H Amin (Retired)
13 November 2010
Misuse of Islam by westernised Muslim elite to achieve petty and narrow political and class agendas laid the foundation of Muslim extremism in India and Pakistan after 1947
High-level United Nations officials and independent human rights groups have reported evidence of direct state complicity in ethnic cleansing and severe human rights abuses, blocking of humanitarian aid, and incitement of anti-Muslim violence that constitutes ominous warning signs of genocide.
This paper highlights the state of the Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar and also explores several international justice tools to provide justice to this persecuted minority.
Fact Finding Trip to India and Bangladesh:
Rohingya Refugees
By:
Amy Marchildon—Lutheran Social Services of NE
Susan Anderson—Lutheran Family Services of Colorado
James Horan—Lutheran Family Services of Colorado
Genocide aganinst rohingya muslims a classical model of ethnic cleansingBelayet Hossen
These are slides of article entitled "Genocide against Rohingya Muslims: A Classical Model of Ethnic Cleansing", which were presented in "International Conference on Forced Migration", held between 5th-7th December 2017 at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM).
Healthcare issues of the rohingya and the lack of support from the ASEAN organization. This ppt describes the current situation of the rohingya under the burmese military.
After a brief look at the jubilees celebrated in India the presentation looks at the proposed 1905 Bengal partition and its consequences. Partition is justified by administrative concerns but the partition map effects religious differences and a policy of divide and rule. Muslims in Bengal support the partition but the Indian National Congress opposes it.The reaction is to combine support of native industry with boycott of foreign goods. Opponents divide into moderates who support just these efforts . and extremists who advocate swaraj or self-rule. The Raj counters with the Minto-Morley reforms which give a small increase in local self-government. In 1911 the partition is repealed
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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#First_India_NewsPaper
2. 2
Burma (Myanmar)
Golden land at a glance:
● Area – 680K sq km (Pakistan: 800K sq km). (85%)
● Population – 50+ mill. (Pakistan ~ 200 mill). (25%)
● Climate – Tropical Monsoon (Pakistan: Mostly Dry).
● Major Religion – Buddhism (Pakistan: Islam).
● Literacy – 93% (Pakistan: 58%).
● Powerful Military (Pakistan: Nuclear Power).
● Challenges: Military, Extremism, Rights of Minorities.
Size: State of Texas
3. 3
People
Ethnic Groups (135 officially recognized):
(Unrecognized ethnic groups are Anglo-Burmese, Sino-Burmese,
Panthay, Indo-Burmese, Gurkhas, the Rohingyas etc.)
● Burman (Mongoloid) 68%.
● Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Indian 2%,
Mon 2%, other 5%.
Religious Groups:
● Buddhist (80 - 90)% (Pakistan: Muslim 96%).
● Christian 4%, Muslim (4- 10)%, Animist 1%, other 2%.
4. 4
Geography of Burma
Rohingya
Major Crisis !!!
Rest of the Muslims
More assimilated
Also in trouble
Now!!!
Muslims in Rakhine(Arakan)
Borderr
6. 6
Politics – Part I
● Kingdom to British Colony: three wars - (1824, 1852,1885).
● Japanese Occupation (1942-45) – WW II.
● Gen. Aung San's agreement for federalism with ethnic leaders
Panlong Agreement (1947).
● Assassination of Gen. Aung San, U Razak etc. (1947).
● Independence from UK (1948) – Weak young nation, rebellions.
● Military Coup (1962) – Pretext - Political bickering, Ethnic Disunity.
● Repressive military regime of Gen. Ne Win(1962-1988).
7. 7
Politics – Part II
● Civil Unrest: Spearheaded by Students & Monks (1988).
● Election won by NLD & Aung San Su Kyi - Voided (1990).
● Daw Aung San Su Kyi(DASSK) in house arrest for many years.
● Elections boycotted by NLD, won by military(2010).
● Military gov. under Thein Sein initiated reforms(2011).
● DASSK joined parliament(2012).
● New elections in Nov. of (2015).
8. 8
Religion: Theravada Buddhism
(The Way of Elders)
Five Basic Precepts (Five Pillars - Islam)
● Refrain from harming living beings.
● Refrain from stealing.
● Refrain from sexual misconduct.
● Refrain from lying, malicious gossip.
● Refrain from intoxicating drinks and drugs.
9. 9
Theravada Buddhism
● Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos and Burma.
● The Buddha: Siddhartha Gautama was a man who became Buddha, the
Awakened One(Supreme Teacher).
● God: Omnipotent creator – Neither denied nor affirmed.
● The Path to Enlightenment: Thru Practice & Meditation to attain Nirvana by
cessation of reincarnation – Eight Fold Way.
● Monks(~500,000): strong activism, and nuns(~75,000). Close support from
laypersons.
● No formal religious hierarchy. Not strict vegetarians.
● Folk religion: worship idols, spirits(Nats).
10. 10
Burmese Muslim:
Demographics
● Gov. figure: 4%, Muslims: (8 – 12)%.
● Indian Muslims: Rangoon & big cities.
●
Indo-Burmese Muslims: Descendents of mixed marriages.
● Small groups: Burman, Chinese, Malay-Muslims etc.
●
Muslims in Rakhine: Rohingyas + others in Rakhine State.
11. 11
Muslims in Burma
●
Neither Islam nor Buddhism are native religions.
● Arab traders & sailors arrived >1000 years ago.
● Served under various kings in many capacities.
● Indian Muslims Immigrated during British colonial era.
● Struggled & gave lives for independence.
● Also served in the cabinet of democratic government.
● Marginalized by military regime under Ne Win.
12. 12
Family History by a Burmese
Muslim
The Invisible Patriot
Bilal Raschid
(Elder son of MA Raschid)
M.A. Raschid
- Student Leader.
- Close friend of Aung San & U Nu.
- Cabinet Minister after independence.
Gen. Aung San
Life in:
- Colonial Burma
- WWII India
- Studies in England
- Independent Burma
- Pakistan
- USA
By
Iqbal's Concept of God
By
Salman Raschid
Younger Son of MA Raschid
13. 13
Roots of Mistrust
● British brought Indians as administrators, business men (Marwaris), money
lenders(Chetiyars), fighters (Gurkhas).
● No border enforcement in Rakhine, free flow of humans.
● Burmese resent the dominance of Indians: “Burma for Burmese!”.
● Rohingya(Mujahid) Insurgency(1947-1961): To join East Pakistan.
● Further Agitation(1971-1988): To join Bangladesh.
● Some contacts with Taliban & Al Qaeda - 1988 – 2011.
● Refugee Flights: Recent history: 1940s, Operation Dragon King (Army under
Ne Win in the 70s), again in 1991-92.
Widespread arrest, destruction of mosques and villages, rape and seizure of property. Each time
some 200,000 Rohingya fled to Bangladesh.
14. 14
Gen. Ne Win's Evil Legacy
● Destroyed promise of federalism (1962 Coup).
● Suppressed & assimilated ethnic & other cultures of the
minorities (Indo-Burmese, Sino-Burmese).
● Xenophobic + Isolationist policy. Nationalized businesses.
● Promoted Bamar supremacism in education, bureaucracy, the
army (though being a Sino-Burmese himself).
●
For about 40 years: Taught Bamars to hate people who are “different”.
● Implemented the 1982 Citizenship Law based on ethnicity.
●
Killed, imprisoned students, monks, civilians: kept all in a pressure cooker.
1962 - 1988
15. 15
Fanning Hate & Resentment
● Muslims(Kalars): “Too many, too rich, too different”. “Uninvited,
ungrateful, overstaying visitors.
● Rise of Buddhist Nationalist “969” Group (Muslims =>786).
● Rise of “Ma Ba Tha” Buddhist Religion Protection Association.
● Monks giving: Hate speech, Sermons. Mass media, CDs, Facebook.
● Wirathu(Burmese Bin Laden/007): Calling “bitch & whore” to UN rep.
● Govt. officials colluding or NOT providing adequate protection.
● National Race and Religious Protection Bills(Targeting Muslims):
- Approval required: Interfaith Marriage, Religious Conversion.
- Monogamy Bill, Pop. Control Bill (3yrs between pregnancies).
Reform Era (2011 - Present)
16. 16
Islamic Threat:
Fact or Fiction?
●
Historical Expansion. Using violence to establish Islamic State.
● Worldwide Pop.: 1.6 bill.; When: (Weak=Timid), (Strong=Aggressive).
● Terrible record of treating minorities, destroyed Buddha statues.
● Large majorities of Muslims want “strict” Sharia laws in homelands.
● Rise of Islamists: Salafi, Wahhabi, Ikhwan, Deobandi, Tablighi.
● Apostasy & Blasphemy laws; Polygamy, Divorce, Inheritance Laws.
● Conflicts: Thailand, Sri Lanka, Kashmir, Philippines etc. etc.
● Animal sacrifice(method), Eid-ul-Adha. Many Hijabs & Beards.
● Some Muslims are peaceful, what about Islamic Doctrine???
17. 17
Status of Rakhine (Arakan) State
Border
(North)
Muslim
Majority
Buddhist Majority(South)
Poor, Isolated, PolarizedMountain Range
Size = 14,200 sqmi - about Maryland or ½ of Khyberpakhtunkwa(PKP)
Pop: 3.3mill (est)(Great mutual Mistrust)
18. 18
Rakhine (Arakan) State
● Pop: 3.3 million, 2 mill.(Buddhists), 1mill. Muslims + Others.
● Poor, Isolated, Oppressed. Dominated by Bengal then Burmans.
● N. border with Bangladesh: Muslim majority, South: Buddhists.
● Muslims in Rakhine: Early settlers + Late comers(after 1824).
● Muslims: Want full citizenship + life, liberty, happiness.
● Buddhists Fear: (Demographic, cultural, economic) threat.
● Periodic conflicts historically, increasing segregation, mistrust.
● Now: States gain more power + rise of Buddhist Nationalism +
worldwide rise of Islamism; MORE COMBUSTIBLE!!!
19. 19
The Trigger & the Fire
● June 2012 -Rape and murder of a young Buddhist woman in Rakhine.
- Sparked series of riots which spread in the state of Rakhine.
- Hundreds dead & displaced thousands.
● March 2013 - Argument in a gold shop in Meiktila in central Myanmar.
- Violence between Buddhists and Muslims 40 people dead and entire
neighborhoods razed.
● August 2013 - Rioters burnt Muslim-owned houses and shops in the
central town of Kanbalu(Accusation of rape by Muslim).
● January 2014 – 40 Rohingya killed (Accusation of police killing) .
● June 2014 -Two people killed and five hurt in Mandalay(Rape rumor).
20. 20
Status of Political Reforms
&
People of Good Will
● Reforms started in 2011: Released political prisoners, Human
Rights Comm., relaxation of censorship, talk with ethnic groups.
● Do not prohibit free speech BUT discourage hateful discourse.
● Burma:totally a different country now – back sliding(work in progress).
● Need greater responsibility, less military, more freedoms.
● Buddhist Nationalism must be understood, channeled peacefully.
● There are many good lay people & monks: Need to speak out more.
“Whenever I hear the grievances of my ethnic friends, I feel guilty
and ashamed. As long as we cannot prove that the Bamar are a
civilized, rights-respecting people, I will not be proud of myself as a
Bamar.” - Wai Yan Hpone
21. 21
Aung San Suu Kyi
● Daughter of founding father Gen. Aung San.
● Married to a Britisher, two sons & settled in England.
● 1988: Civil Unrest, visiting mother => political leader.
● 1990: Won elections – Denied power by the military.
● House Arrest: off/on many years; won Nobel + Prizes.
● 2012: Elected to parliament.
● Not forceful enough on the Rohingya Issue.
● Nov. 2015 Elections: Cannot run for President.
- Reason: spouse & sons are foreigners (Constitution).
● Age 70: Best chance for Burma ????
22. 22
Suu Kyi's Dilemma
● Many ethnic conflicts in Burma.
● Corruption + widespread jockeying for power.
● She is serving at the pleasure of the powerful military.
● This is probably the only chance for her.
● Mistrust against Muslims is rampant at this time.
● Her role: Activist + Political Negotiator & Leader.
● Being accused of having sympathy for Muslims.
● Focus is on gaining power to reform Burma.
● Supports “Rule of Law” BUT cannot change BAD law.
● Ultimate Test: NLD winning elections in 2015.
23. 23
Status of Rohingyas
Desperate Situation
● Minority within minority BUT substantial in Rakhine/Arakan state.
● Gov. does not recognize the term, calling them “Bengalis”.
● Language: Related to Chittagonian. Religion: Islam.
● Dark in feature, looks “Indian” not “Mongoloid”.
● About 1 million in Myanmar living in camps, barbed wire, guards.
● No jobs, no educ. facility. Population, movement, marriage controlled.
● Disease-ridden, sick and hungry. Sanitary conditions are very basic.
● Stateless, periodically driven out, lack proper records.
● Fleeing horrible conditions from Myanmar & Bangladesh.
● About 1 million living abroad, many in temporary camps.
24. 24
Quest for Citizenship
● 1982 Citizenship Law violates human rights & international law, used
by successive military govts .
● Only 135 ethnic nationalities get FULL citizenship.
● Govt: No recognition for Rohingya; call them Bengalis!
● Rohingyas want inclusion, FULL citizenship, security + peace .
● Rakhine Buddhist: Fear competition(Pop, Economic, Cultural).
● People should be able to self-identify freely(as Rohingya etc.)
● Descendants of people who came since 1824 are denied citizenship rights,
not foreigners but stateless!
● UN, Human Rights Watch: Burma should amend the 1982 law!
25. 25
Nature of the Conflicts
● Started as: Criminal Conducts, Civil Disputes, Rumors.
● Leading to: Spontaneous Communal Riots by both sides.
● Escalated to: Organized, Systematic, Widespread, Targeted: Violence.
● By: thugs, mobs, monks, political parties, state personnel.
● Sidelining & silencing: Moderate & Peaceful Voices.
● Resulting In: Killings, Displacements, Segregation, Restrictions.
- Intolerable living conditions.
- Mass Flights or Exodus => risking lives.
Resulting in: Ethnic Cleansing !!!
26. 26
Hard Choices – Right Decisions
Rohingyas - What to do???:
● Poor, Stateless, Many without records, Desperate:
● 1st
: responsibility: (Govt. + People) of Burma.
● 2nd
: responsibility: Bangladesh(some come from there).
● 3rd: International Community: Has limits (internal issue).
● Nationalism vs. Human Rights.
● No Peace & Prosperity without observing Human Rights.
● Lesser Evil Principle: Good people do BAD things out of Fear.
Nationalism Human Rights
Religious Supremacism
+
27. 27
What should be Done: Internationally
● Upcoming elections are crucial: Muslims worried; Monitor for fairness.
● Hope is for a democratically elected govt. with a strong mandate to take
actions: Human rights, Constitutional amendments(1982 Law etc)
● Investigate & punish abusers; provide access Inter. Org.(Aid +Monitor)
● Make the next govt. verify the citizenship status of Rohingyas fairly & quickly
with full transparency; make re-integration a priority.
● Neighbors, ASEAN, OIC, wealthy nations should absorb remaining stateless
migrants.
● Make sure new govt. discourages hate speech & violence and promotes
dialogue & integration between all.
● Make sure role of military in politics is reduced, democracy, freedoms and
human rights are promoted overtime.
● Give aid (Humanitarian + Development) both Muslims & Buddhists.
● Withhold aid and foreign investment for non-compliance.
28. 28
What should be Done – Advice for Muslims
● Prayers & charity; raise awareness.
● Lobby governments and organizations.
● Avoid demonizing whole groups: “What goes around
comes around”.
● Build trusts, join hand with people with good hearts from
all religious and ethnic groups.
● Don't be strangers! No parallel societies!!!
● Admit weaknesses and shortcomings truthfully.
● Change attitude: “Others need to better understand us”.
● Work on, believable & effective, internal reforms(islah) and
renewal(tajdid).
29. 29
Conclusion
● No one is perfect: Jews, Hindus, Christians, Muslims, Buddhists..
● All are born as humans & humanity is ONE big family.
● Equality under the LAW & respect rights of everyone.
● Teach love(Muhaba/Metta), tolerance, dialogue, NOT hatred.
● No one has the monopoly on TRUTH(Haqq).
● We are all imperfect seekers; learn from each other.
● Often TRUTH is layered, try to see from various angles.
● Do not worship false idols: Money, Glory, Power, Ideology.
● Have Compassion(Rahma/Karuna) on all living beings.