This document provides an overview of the generic structures and key components of different types of texts, including narratives, recounts, descriptions, and research papers. It discusses the purpose, structure, and language features of each genre. The document also outlines the main parts of a research paper such as the introduction, literature review, methodology, and conclusion. Finally, it describes the three stages of writing a research paper: research and planning, writing, and revision.

2. Generic Structure of Research Paper
Contents
 Generic Structure of Research Paper
 Narrative Text
 Recount Text
 Descriptive Text
 Write a Research paper
 Main purpose
 Main parts in research paper
 Stages of writing
 References

3. Define Genres
Based on generic structure and language feature dominantly used, texts are divided into
several types. They are narrative, recount, descriptive, report, explanation, analytical
exposition, hortatory exposition, procedure, discussion, review, anecdote, spoof, and
information item. These versions are called GENRES.

4.  NARRATIVE Purpose:
To amuse/entertain the readers and to tell a story Generic
Structure.
1. Orientation
2.Complication
3. Resolution
4. Reorientation
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Chronologically arranged

5.  Orientation:
Once upon a time in a great castle, there was a beautiful princess.
She was very pretty, with blue eyes and long black hair. Her skin was delicate and
white, and so she was called SnowWhite. Snow White had a step mother who was
always jealous of Snow White's beauty. Her stepmother too was very beautiful, and
the magic mirror told her this everyday, whenever she asked it.

6.  Complication
One day, the step mother asked the magic mirror who the loveliest lady in the land was
and the magic mirror answered Snow White was the loveliest in the land. The step
mother was very mad. Then he asked her trusty servants to take Snow White into the
forest, far away from the Castle and killed her. But the servant didn't kill Snow White,
He led the innocent little girl away. In the forest, little Snow White was alone and
scared. She didn't know where she should go. But suddenly she saw a small strange
cottage. She wondered who lived there, then she entered the cottage.

7. Meanwhile in the castle, the servant came back and told to the step mother that
Snow White was killed. Then the step mother asked the magic mirror once
again who the loveliest in the land was and still the magic mirror answered the
Snow White who lived in the small cottage with seven dwarfs was the loveliest
one in the land. So the step mother was angry and she planed something bad to
SnowWhite.Then, the step mother disguising herself as an old women who
sold abasket of poisoned apples and went to the cottage. In the cottage, the
seven dwarfs warned Snow White to not open the door to the stranger. The step
mother finally arrived to the cottage and began to offer Snow White an apple.

8. Snow White refused to open the door but the step mother kept persuade and finally
Snow White opened the door and brought an apple then he ate it.In the cottage, the seven
dwarfs warned Snow White to not open the door to the stranger.
So Snow White fallen down with the poisoned apple beside her. Day by day, the seven
dwarfs waited for the miracle came when Snow White suddenly woke up. Then one day,
there was a wanderer who actually a prince from far away kingdom saw a beautiful lady
was laid down on crystal bed.

9.  Resolution
Inside the cottage, there was 7 beds and a kitchen. Snow White was to tired to
explore the cottage, and suddenly fallen a sleep. In the afternoon, the seven
dwarfs who lived in the cottage, came home. They surprised to see there was a
young lady there. One dwarf woke her up and asked who was she. Snow White
told them her sad story. The seven dwarfs understood the feeling of Snow White
and asked her to live with them in the cottage.
In the afternoon, when the seven dwarfs came home, they were surprised with
Snow White who laid down on the floor with pale face and a poisoned apple
beside her. The seven dwarfs were sad seeing the Snow White was dying but not
die yet. Then the seven dwarfs decided to make a beautiful bed made from a
crystal coffin to make Snow White keep alive.

10. Heard the Snow White's story, the princes decided to carry her to his Castle and
asked the doctor to help her. Then the prince kissed her to show his intention. But
suddenly Snow White was back to life. The fact was that the prince's kiss broke
the spell. Then the prince asked Snow White to marry him.

11. From that day on, Snow White lived happily in a great castle. But from time to
time, she was drawn back to visit the little cottage down in the forest.
 Reorientation

12. RECOUNT
Purpose: to retell something that happened in the past and to tell a series of past
event Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Event
3. Reorientation
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adjectives

13.  RECOUNT TEXT
Generic structure of recount text
1. Orientation tells who was involved, what happened, where the events took place, and
when it happened.
2. Events tell what happened and in what sequence.
3. Reorientation consists of optional_x0002_closure of events/ending.
Understanding of recount text Recount
text is the text that aims to recount an
experience or event in the past, famous
person, some where, and unforgetable
activity.

14. Narrative and recount in some ways are similar. Both are telling some thing in
the past so narrative and recount usually apply PAST TENSE; whether Simple
Past Tense, Simple Past Continuous Tense, or Past Perfect Tense. The ways
narrative and recount informed are in chronological order using time or place.
Commonly narrative text is found in story book; myth, fable, folklore, etc while
recount text is found in biography.
The thing that makes narrative and recount different is the structure in which
they are constructed. Narrative uses conflicts many of the members whether
herbal battle, social conflict or mental conflict. In some ways narrative text
combines all these conflicts. In the contrary, we do not find those conflicts inside
recount text. Recount applies series of occasion as the basic structure.

15. DESCRIPTIVE
Purpose: to describe a particular person, place or thing in detail.
Dominant Generic Structure:
1. Identification
2. Description
Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Using special technical terms

16. DESCRIPTIVE
Identification : Identifying the particular thing to be described.
Description : Describing the parts, qualities, and characteristics.
How to Write Descriptive Text
1. Choose a Topic
2. Create a Statement
3. Get the Senses Right
4. Create an Outline
5. Write the Conclusion
6. Review your Essay eon, things, or places.
Descriptive text is a text which says what a
person, thing or place is like, it’s written when you
want to make the readers imagine what you are
describing about.

17. Planning, research, and writing
How to write a research paper?

18. What is a research paper?
 In-depth consideration of a topic or research question
 Presents an original thesis statement
 Engages with primary and secondary sources
 Contributes something new to the field
A research paper is an essay in which you
explain what you have learned after exploring
your topic in depth. In a research paper, you
include information from sources such as books,
articles, interviews, and Internet sites. You also
use your own ideas, knowledge, and opinions.

19. Main Purpose of Research Paper
The goal of a research paper is not to inform the reader what
others have to say about a topic, but to draw on what others have
to say about a topic and engage the sources in order to
thoughtfully offer a unique perspective on the issue at hand.
Major types of research paper
Analytical Research paper
Argumentative (Persuasive) Research paper

20. Analytical Research
In an analytical research paper you pose a question and then
collect relevant data from other researchers to analyze their
different viewpoints. You focus on the findings and
conclusions of other researchers and then make a personal
conclusion about the topic. It is important to stay neutral and
not show your own negative or positive position on the matter.

21. Argumentative Research
The argumentative paper presents two sides of a
controversial issue in one paper. It is aimed at getting the
reader on the side of your point of view. You should
include and cite findings and arguments of different
researchers on both sides of the issue, but then favor one
side over the other and try to persuade the reader of your
side. Your arguments should not be too emotional though,
they still need to be supported with logical facts and
statistical data.

22. Main Parts in research paper:
 Title
 abstract
 Introduction
 Literature review
 Research methodology
 Data Analysis
 Results
 Conclusion
 Reference Page

23. Title
The very first page in your research paper should be used to identify its title,
along with your name, the date of your assignment, and your learning
institution. Additional elements may be required according to the specifications
of your instructors, so it’s a good idea to check with them to make sure you
feature all the required information in the right order.
This is the very beginning of your research paper, where you are expected to
provide your thesis statement, this is simply a summary of what you’re setting
out to accomplish with your research project, including the problems you’re
looking to scrutinize and any solutions or recommendations that you anticipate
beforehand.
Introduction

24. Research methodology
Different parts of a research paper have different aims, and here you need to point out the
exact methods you have used in the course of your research work. Typical methods can range
from direct observation to laboratory experiments, or statistical evaluations. Whatever your
chosen methods are, you will need to explicitly point them out in this section.
Data Analysis
While all the parts of a research paper are important, this section is probably the most crucial
from a practical standpoint. Out of all the parts of a research paper, here you will be expected
to analyze the data you have obtained in the course of your research. This is where you get
your chance to really shine, by introducing new data that may contribute to building up on the
collective understanding of the topics you have researched. At this point, you’re not expected
to analyze your data yet (that will be done in the subsequent parts of a research paper), but
simply to present it objectively.

25. Results
From all the parts of a research paper, this is the one where you’re expected to
actually analyze the data you have gathered while researching. This analysis
should align with your previously stated methodology, and it should both point
out any implications suggested by your data that might be relevant to different
fields of study, as well as any shortcomings in your approach that would allow
you to improve you results if you were to repeat the same type of research.

26. Conclusion
As you conclude your research paper, you should succinctly reiterate
your thesis statement along with your methodology and analyzed data
– by drawing all these elements together you will reach the purpose
of your research, so all that is left is to point out your conclusions in a
clear manner.

27. 3 stages of the writing process
1. Research and planning
2. Writing
3. Revision

28. Research and planning
Understanding your assignment
• When is your deadline?
• What is the goal of the assignment?
• What topics can you write about?

29. Evaluating credibility: the CRAAP test
• Currency: Is the information up to date?
• Relevance: Is it relevant to your research?
• Authority: Where is it published and who is the author?
• Accuracy: Where does the information come from? Is evidence provided?
• Purpose: Why was this information published?
Outlining your structure
 Organize your thoughts
 Understand the flow of information and how ideas are related
 Ensure nothing is forgotten

30. Writing the introduction
 What is your paper about?
Introduce the topic, along with key terms and ideas
 Why is your paper worthwhile?
Tell the reader what new insights you will offer
 How will you make your arguments?
Give some signposting about the structure of the paper

31. Writing the body
 Several paragraphs or sections
 Each paragraph/section covers one idea
 Information presented in a logical order that serves your argument
 Contains all your evidence and arguments—don’t save anything
for the conclusion

32. Writing the conclusion
• No new arguments or evidence
• Summarize your argument and central point
• Reflect on limitations
• Suggest areas for further research

33. The steps of revising a paper
1. Evaluating
2. Redrafting
3. Editing
4. Proofreading

34. Evaluate
 Is there anything missing?
 Is everything clear?
 Would a different structure work better?
 Should anything be cut?

35. Editing
Fix grammatical errors
Improve sentence structure
Remove redundancies
Avoid repetition
Proofreading
o Spelling errors
o Missing words
o Confused word choices
o Punctuation errors
o Missing or excess spaces
o Stylistic consistency (e.g. capitalization, formatting, referencing

36. References
http://genretextinenglish.blogspot.com/2011/10/generic-structure-of-english
texts.html
https://www2.slideshare.net/DesinthaSetiana/story-board-for-writing-
descriptive-text-ppt?qid=00162d1a-048a-4ef4-a095-
724a185409b4&v=&b=&from_search=9
https://www2.slideshare.net/MohamadNurFaizi/majapahit-recount-
text?qid=d2d79caa-5111-4b1a-be6b-ee117153be52&v=&b=&from_search=10
https://www2.slideshare.net/deedewi/narrative-text-27287557