Generic Pirfenidone Tablets (Pirfenex by Cipla) is an antifibrotic agent which is used to treat mild to moderate forms of a certain lung disease called Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). This disease causes the lungs to get scarred and become stiff, making it difficult to breathe.
New technology called Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy® (ENB) that uses virtual bronchoscopy and real time 3-dimensional CT images that enable me to localize these peripheral lung nodules for diagnosis and treatment. This outpatient procedure is minimally invasive and therefore has a small risk of pneumothorax (2-3%) and its published diagnostic yield rates range from 67% - 86%
New technology called Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy® (ENB) that uses virtual bronchoscopy and real time 3-dimensional CT images that enable me to localize these peripheral lung nodules for diagnosis and treatment. This outpatient procedure is minimally invasive and therefore has a small risk of pneumothorax (2-3%) and its published diagnostic yield rates range from 67% - 86%
Bronchial Thermoplasty (BT) Novel Treatment for Patients with Severe AsthmaBassel Ericsoussi, MD
Do our Asthma Patients Know What They Are Missing?Now, A Revolutionary Procedure Can Help Them Lead A Fuller Life.
Bronchial Thermoplasty (BT) Novel Treatment For Patients With Severe Asthma
Generic Fenofibrate Tablets (Fenolip, Lipicard, Tgr) are used as an adjunct to diet and other non-pharmacological treatment (e.g. exercise, weight reduction) for treatment of severe hypertriglyceridaemia with or without low HDL cholesterol, mixed hyperlipidaemia when a statin is contraindicated or not tolerated and mixed hyperlipidaemia in patients at high cardiovascular risk in addition to a statin when triglycerides and HDL cholesterol are not adequately controlled.
Ciplactin Tablets by Cipla (Generic Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride Tablets)Clearsky Pharmacy
Ciplactin (Generic Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride Tablets) are used as a therapy for Perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis, Vasomotor rhinitis, Allergic conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, Mild, uncomplicated allergic skin manifestations of urticaria and angio-oedema, Amelioration of allergic reactions to blood or plasma, Cold urticaria and Dermatographism.
Ciplactin is also used as a therapy for anaphylactic reactions adjunctive to Epinephrine and other standard measures after the acute manifestations have been controlled.
Ciplactin tablets are also used to stimulate the appetite and may lead to weight gain, which is helpful for underweight people who wish to gain weight.
Bronchial Thermoplasty (BT) Novel Treatment for Patients with Severe AsthmaBassel Ericsoussi, MD
Do our Asthma Patients Know What They Are Missing?Now, A Revolutionary Procedure Can Help Them Lead A Fuller Life.
Bronchial Thermoplasty (BT) Novel Treatment For Patients With Severe Asthma
Generic Fenofibrate Tablets (Fenolip, Lipicard, Tgr) are used as an adjunct to diet and other non-pharmacological treatment (e.g. exercise, weight reduction) for treatment of severe hypertriglyceridaemia with or without low HDL cholesterol, mixed hyperlipidaemia when a statin is contraindicated or not tolerated and mixed hyperlipidaemia in patients at high cardiovascular risk in addition to a statin when triglycerides and HDL cholesterol are not adequately controlled.
Ciplactin Tablets by Cipla (Generic Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride Tablets)Clearsky Pharmacy
Ciplactin (Generic Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride Tablets) are used as a therapy for Perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis, Vasomotor rhinitis, Allergic conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, Mild, uncomplicated allergic skin manifestations of urticaria and angio-oedema, Amelioration of allergic reactions to blood or plasma, Cold urticaria and Dermatographism.
Ciplactin is also used as a therapy for anaphylactic reactions adjunctive to Epinephrine and other standard measures after the acute manifestations have been controlled.
Ciplactin tablets are also used to stimulate the appetite and may lead to weight gain, which is helpful for underweight people who wish to gain weight.
TGR (Generic Fenofibrate Tablets) is a peroxisome proliferator receptor alpha (PPARa) activator which is used as adjunctive therapy to diet to lower the amount of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (Total-C), Triglycerides and apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in adult patients with primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia.
TGR tablets are also used as adjunctive therapy to diet for treatment of adult patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia.
Pramirol (Pramipexole Dihydrochloride Tablets) is a non-ergot dopamine agonist and is used alone or with other medicines to treat Parkinson's disease. This medication is also used to treat Moderate-to-severe primary Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) that causes an unusual urge to move the legs.
Forzest (Generic Tadalafil Tablets) belongs to a class of medicines called phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors, is an oral medicine that is used for treating impotence (the inability to attain or maintain a penile erection) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The same medicine treats pulmonary arterial hypertension and improves exercise capacity in men and women. Forzest tablets have a very long 17.5 hours half-life as compared with only 4 hours for Sildenafil Citrate.
Wikoryl Tablet is manufactured by Byalemic Limited. It contains Paracetamol (500 mg) + Phenylephrine (5 mg) + Chlorpheniramine (2 mg). Wikoryl Tablet is a combination drug used to relieve ear pain, allergies, joint pain, headaches, itchy skin or throat, and common cold.
Asprito (Generic Aripiprazole Tablets) is used for the treatment of schizophrenia including maintenance of clinical improvement during continuation therapy. Asprito tablets monotherapy is indicated for acute and maintenance treatment of manic and mixed episodes with Bipolar I Disorder with or without psychotic features. Asprito is indicated as an adjunctive therapy to either lithium or valproate for the acute treatment of manic and mixed episodes associated with Bipolar I Disorder with or without psychotic features.
Indocap (Generic Indomethacin Capsules) is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine used for the treatment of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis including acute flares of chronic disease, moderate to severe ankylosing spondylitis, moderate to severe osteoarthritis, acute painful shoulder (bursitis and/or tendinitis) and acute gouty arthritis.
Finpecia Tablets by Cipla (Generic Finasteride 1mg Tablets)The Swiss Pharmacy
Finpecia (Generic Finasteride 1mg Tablets) is used to treat male pattern hair loss. This medicine increases hair growth while at the same time prevents further hair loss.
Finasteride 1mg specifically lowers the levels of DHT in the scalp, thus helping to reverse the balding process. Finpecia does not affect hair on other parts of the body. Men with mild to moderate, but not complete, hair loss can expect to benefit from the use of Finpecia tablets.
o Information can be used by those who need updated and good quality knowledge about medicine.
o Healthcare providers, such as doctors, pharmacists or nurses and allied health care professionals to help them prescribe ,dispense and administer medicines safely.
o Patients or their care givers, Researchers and general public.
YouTube link: https://youtu.be/gjLi0cwzFz4
Hifenac D Tablet is prepared with the combination of Aceclofenac, Serratiopeptidase and Paracetamol/Acetaminophen; hence the effect of Hifenac D Tablet is a combination of properties of the above composition.Hifenac D is highly used for Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, painful joints, and stiffness of the joints.
Vidalista (Generic Tadalafil Tablets) is an oral medicine that is used for treating impotence (the inability to attain or maintain a penile erection). You can choose to take it on an as needed basis or take a low dose version everyday, so that you can be ready anytime.
Promethazine 10 mg tablets smpc taj pharmaceuticalsTaj Pharma
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Antidep Tablets (Generic Imipramine Hydrochloride Tablets) The Swiss Pharmacy
Antidep (Generic Imipramine Hydrochloride Tablets) is used for the relief of symptoms of depression. Using this medication to treat depression may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living.
This medicine may be useful as temporary adjunctive therapy in reducing enuresis in children aged 6 years and older, after possible organic causes have been excluded by appropriate tests.
Divaine Tablets by Cipla (Generic Minocycline Hydrochloride Tablets)Clearsky Pharmacy
Divaine (Generic Minocycline Hydrochloride Tablets) is used to treat the following infections due to susceptible microorganisms: acne, gonorrhoea, non-gonococcal urethritis, syphilis, prostatitis, acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, lung abscess, pneumonia, ear, nose and throat infections, urinary tract infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, skin and soft tissue infections, ophthalmological infections, nocardiosis, prophylactic treatment of asymptomatic meningococcal carriers, pre- and post-operative prophylaxis of infection, trachoma, and inclusion conjunctivitis.
Asthalin Tablets by Cipla (Generic Albuterol Sulphate Tablets)Clearsky Pharmacy
Asthalin Tablets (Generic Albuterol Sulphate Tablets) belongs to the group of medicines known as short acting beta2-adrenergic agonist. Asthalin tablets (Salbutamol Sulphate tablets) are used for the treatment of bronchospasm in asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and other conditions associated with airways obstruction, for prevention of asthma attack triggered by allergic exposure or exercise and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Albuterol belongs to the family of medicines known as adrenergic bronchodilators. Adrenergic bronchodilators are medicines that open up the bronchial tubes (air passages) in the lungs, thus making breathing easier. They relieve cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, and troubled breathing by increasing the flow of air through the bronchial tubes.
Clopivas Tablets by Cipla (Generic Clopidogrel Bisulfate Tablets)Clearsky Pharmacy
Clopivas (Generic Clopidogrel Bisulfate Tablets) is a platelet inhibitor and prevent blood clots in coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease. It used to treat patients with Acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina (UA)/non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTEMI)& ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) ), recent myocardial infarction (MI), recent stroke, or established peripheral arterial disease.
Aromex Tablets by Alpha Pharma (Generic Exemestane Tablets)Clearsky Pharmacy
Aromex (Generic Exemestane Tablets) is used to treat hormone dependent early breast cancer in postmenopausal women after they have completed 2 to 3 years of treatment with the medicine Tamoxifen.
Ciplox Tablets by Cipla (Generic Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Tablets)Clearsky Pharmacy
Ciplox (Generic Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Tablets) is a broad spectrum Fluoroquinolone antibacterial indicated in adults 18 years of age or more with the following infections caused by designated, susceptible bacteria and in pediatric patients where indicated: Skin and Skin Structure Infections, Bone and Joint Infections, Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections, Infectious Diarrhea, Typhoid Fever (Enteric Fever), Uncomplicated Cervical and Urethral Gonorrhea, Inhalational Anthrax post-exposure in adult and pediatric patients, Plague in adult and pediatric patients, Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis, Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis, Urinary Tract Infections, Urinary Tract Infections
(UTI), Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis, Complicated UTI and Pyelonephritis in Pediatric Patients and Acute Sinusitis.
Primox Tablets by Sun (Generic Nortriptyline Hydrochloride Tablets)Clearsky Pharmacy
Primox (Generic Nortriptyline Hydrochloride Tablets) is used for the relief of symptoms of depression. It may also be used for the treatment of some cases of nocturnal enuresis. It may help improve mood and feelings of well-being, relieve anxiety and tension, and increase your energy level. This medication belongs to a class of medications called tricyclic antidepressants. It works by affecting the balance of certain natural chemicals in the brain.
Budecort Rotacaps by Cipla (Generic Budesonide Inhalation Powder)Clearsky Pharmacy
Budecort Rotacaps (Generic Budesonide Inhalation Powder) are used for the maintenance treatment of asthma as prophylactic therapy in adult and pediatric patients five years of age or older. It is also used for patients requiring oral corticosteroid therapy for asthma. Many of those patients may be able to reduce or eliminate their requirement for oral corticosteroids over time.
Budecort Rotacaps are not used for the relief of acute bronchospasm.
Asthalin Inhaler by Cipla (Generic Albuterol Sulfate Inhaler)Clearsky Pharmacy
Asthalin Inhaler (Generic Albuterol Sulfate Inhaler) is a beta2-adrenergic agonist used for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airway disease. It is also used for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older.
Letromina Tablets by Alpha-pharma (Generic Letrozole Tablets)Clearsky Pharmacy
Letromina Tablets (Generic Letrozole Tablets) are used for the adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive early breast cancer. Letromina is used for the extended adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer in postmenopausal women who have received 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. This medicine is also indicated for first-line treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive or hormone receptor unknown locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
Letromina (Generic Letrozole) is also used for the treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women with disease progression following antiestrogen therapy.
Letrozole (Letromina Tablets ) has also been used off-label for more than 15 years to treat infertility in women with PCOS.
Kenacort Injection by Abbott(Generic Triamcinolone Acetonide Injectable Suspe...Clearsky Pharmacy
Kenacort Injection (Generic Triamcinolone Acetonide Injectable Suspension), a corticosteroid hormone (glucocorticoid), is used to treat variety of conditions such as allergic disorders, arthritis, blood diseases, breathing problems, certain cancers, eye diseases, intestinal problems, collagen and skin diseases.
Discuss with your doctor about the risks and benefits of Triamcinolone, especially if it is to be injected near your spine (epidural). Rare but serious side effects may occur with epidural use.
Astralean (Generic Clenbuterol Hydrochloride Tablets) is used to treat breathing disorders as a decongestant and bronchodilator. People with chronic breathing disorders such as asthma use this as a bronchodilator in order to make breathing easier.
Betnovate Cream (Generic Betamethasone Valerate Cream) belongs to a group of medicines known as corticosteroids, and is used to treat various inflammatory skin conditions, including eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, insect bites and prickly heat.
Betamethasone Valerate Cream works by reducing the inflammation in the affected area to reduce the redness, swelling and itchiness of the skin.
Lan capsules (Generic Lansoprazole capsules) is an effective medication which inhibits the stomach's production of acid. It is used for the Treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcer, Treatment of reflux oesophagitis, Prophylaxis of reflux oesophagitis, Eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) concurrently given with appropriate antibiotic therapy for treatment of H.pylori-associated ulcers, Treatment of NSAID-associated benign gastric and duodenal ulcers in patients requiring continued NSAID treatment, Prophylaxis of NSAID-associated gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers in patients at risk requiring continued therapy, Symptomatic Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.
Ovral-L Tablets (Generic Levonorgestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets)Clearsky Pharmacy
Ovral-L Tablets (Generic Levonorgestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets) is a combination hormone medicine which is indicated for use by females of reproductive potential for prevention of pregnancy. It works by stopping a woman's egg from fully developing each month. The egg can no longer accept a sperm and fertilization (pregnancy) is prevented. It is also used for the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris in women more than 14 years of age who, have no known contraindications to oral contraceptive therapy, desire contraception, and have achieved menarche.
Budecort Inhaler (Generic Budesonide Inhaler) is used for the maintenance treatment of asthma as prophylactic therapy in adult and pediatric patients. It is also indicated for patients requiring oral corticosteroid therapy for asthma. Many of those patients may be able to reduce or eliminate their requirement for oral corticosteroids over time.
Budecort Inhaler is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm.
Rostar (Generic Rosuvastatin Calcium Tablets) is an HMG Co-A reductase inhibitor used to treat patients with hypertriglyceridemia as an adjunct to diet, patients with primary dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III hyperlipoproteinemia) as an along with a suitable diet and patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) to reduce LDL-C, total-C, and ApoB.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Symptoms and TreatmentsClearsky Pharmacy
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or clinical depression, is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. In case you feel depressed, make an appointment to see your doctor or mental health professional as soon as you can.
Major depressive disorder is a medical condition with treatment available. Treatments include Talk therapy, Cognitive behavioural therapy, Interpersonal psychotherapy, Solution-focused therapy, Reducing stress as well as medications.
Valclovir Tablets (Generic Valacyclovir Hydrochloride 500 mg and 1000 mg Tablets) belongs to a group of medications called antivirals. Valclovir can be used to: treat shingles (in adults), treat HSV infections of the skin and genital herpes (in adults and adolescents over 12 years old). It is also used to help prevent these infections from returning. Generic Valacyclovir tablets is also used to treat cold sores (in adults and adolescents over 12 years old), prevent infection with CMV after organ transplants (in adults and adolescents over 12 years old) and treat and prevent HSV infections of the eye that continue to come back (in adults and adolescents over 12 years old). This medicine works by killing or stopping the growth of viruses called herpes simplex (HSV), varicella zoster (VZV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV).
Lopimune Tablets (Generic Lopinavir and Ritonavir Tablets) Clearsky Pharmacy
Lopimune (Generic Lopinavir and Ritonavir Tablets) is the brand name of a combination that contains two anti-HIV drugs called protease inhibitors - Lopinavir and Ritonavir.
This medicine is used in combination with several other anti-HIV drugs from different classes, such as other protease inhibitors, nukes (nucleoside analogues) and non-nukes (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and pediatric patients (14 days and older). Combinations such as this are known as antiretroviral therapy, or ART.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit