Each generation of computers is characterized by a major technological development that allows computers to become smaller, cheaper, more powerful, and more efficient. The five generations are: 1) Vacuum tubes, 2) Transistors, 3) Integrated circuits, 4) Microprocessors, and 5) Artificial intelligence (still in development). These developments have led to computers transforming from room-sized devices to devices that can now fit in the palm of your hand.
All types of computer including general and special purpose, Analog,digital, hybrid, microcomputer, minicomputer, mainframe computer and super computer.
All types of computer including general and special purpose, Analog,digital, hybrid, microcomputer, minicomputer, mainframe computer and super computer.
Reliance Baking Soda is Stewart Corporation's oldest and most established product. The new Domestic Brand Director needs to create a 2008 marketing budget that delivers a profit increase of 10% over 2007 levels. She must first evaluate the effectiveness of past consumer and trade promotions and determine if a price increase will have net bottom line benefits. Then she must decide on the optimal allocation of her marketing budget, taking into account the brand's apparent "cash cow" role in the Household Division of Stewart Corporation. Students are expected to complete a quantitative assignment: create and defend a budget.
Generation in computer terminology is a change in technology a computer is/was being used. Initially, the generation term was used to distinguish between varying hardware technologies. Nowadays, generation includes both hardware and software, which together make up an entire computer system.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Generations of computers
1. Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technological
development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate, resulting
in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable
devices.
The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the
different generations of computing devices. Each of the five generation of
computers is characterized by a major technological development that
fundamentally changed the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly
smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices. Learn
about each generation and the developments that led to the current devices that
we use today.
2. First Generation (1940-1956)
Vacuum Tubes
The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory. They were very expensive to
operate and in addition to using a great deal of
electricity, generated a lot of heat.
First generation computers relied on machine language, the
lowest-level programming language understood by
computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve
one problem at a time. Input was based on punched cards
and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts.
The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-
generation computing devices. The UNIVAC was the first
commercial computer delivered to a business client, the U.S.
Census Bureau in 1951.
3. Second Generation (1956-1963)
Transistors
Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second
generation of computers. The transistor was invented in 1947
but did not see widespread use in computers until the late 1950s.
the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that subjected
the computer to damage, it was a vast improvement over the
vacuum tube. Second-generation computers still relied on
punched cards for input and printouts for output.
Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary
machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which
allowed programmers to specify instructions in words. High-
level programming languages were also being developed at this
time, such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN. These
were also the first computers that stored their instructions in
their memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic
core technology.
4. Third Generation (1964-1971)
Integrated Circuits
The development of the integrated circuit was
the hallmark of the third generation of
computers. Transistors were miniaturized and
placed on silicon chips, called
semiconductors, which drastically increased
the speed and efficiency of computers.
Instead of punched cards and printouts, users
interacted with third generation computers
through keyboards and monitors and interfaced
with an operating system, which allowed the
device to run many different applications at one
time with a central program that monitored the
memory.
Computers for the first time became accessible
to a mass audience because they were smaller
and cheaper than their predecessors.
5. Fourth Generation (1971-Present)
Microprocessors
The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of
computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built
onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation
filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand.
The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the
components of the computer—from the central processing
unit and memory to input/output controls—on a single
chip.
In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home
user, and in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh.
Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop
computers and into many areas of life as more and more
everyday products began to use microprocessors.
As these small computers became more powerful, they
could be linked together to form networks, which
eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth
generation computers also saw the development of
GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.
6. Fifth Generation (Present and
Beyond) Artificial Intelligence
Fifth generation computing devices,
based on artificial intelligence, are still
in development, though there are some
applications, such as voice recognition,
that are being used today. The use of
parallel processing and
superconductors is helping to make
artificial intelligence a reality.
Quantum computation and molecular
and nanotechnology will radically
change the face of computers in years to
come. The goal of fifth-generation
computing is to develop devices that
respond to natural language input and
are capable of learning and self-
organization.