General Review

IMPORTANT INFORMATION
• EXAM DATE  Sunday the 13th of March, 2016
• HOUR  08:00 – 10:00
• PAYMENT  before 13th of March, 2016

GRADING SYSTEM
• MT EXAM  45 points
• FINAL EXAM  45 points
• QUIZZES  8 points (2pts each)
• INTEGRATIVETASK  2 points

GRADES
You will be able to check your grades in the link that will
appear on the blog

Present Simple
®Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero

When to use it?
• We use the present simple tense for:
• Permanent states
• Habits or actions that happend regularly
• For general truths

examples
• Ben lives in London ( permanent states)
• We always have breakfast at eight (happens regularly)
• The Earth goes round the sun. (general truth)

AFFIRMATIVE
subject verb
I work
He/She/It works
We/You/They work

negative
subject aux. verb verb
I don´t work
He/She/It doesn´t work.
We/You/They don´t work

interrogative
Aux. verb subject verb ?
Do I work ?
Does He/She/It work ?
Do
We/You/Th
ey
work ?

Be careful!
If the verb ends in –o // -sh // -ch, then you have to
add –es at the end of the verb.

• Play  Plays
• Dance  Dances
• Watch Watches
• Go  Goes
• Wash Washes

Present Progressive

When to use it?
•We use the present progressive tense for:
• Temporary states
• Action happening at the moment of speaking
• For future arrengements

examples
• I´m taking driving lesson this month ( temporary states)
• Lucy is sleeping now (actions at the moment)
• For future arrengements (We´re flying to Acapulco tonight)

AFFIRMATIVE
subject V. Be conj verb
I am working
He/She/It is working
We/You/They are working

negative
subject
aux.
verb
NOT Verb -ing
I am not working
He/She/It is not working
We/You/They are not working

interrogative
Aux. verb subject verb ?
Am I working ?
Is He/She/It working ?
Are
We/You/Th
ey
working ?

Be careful when conjugating the
verbs in present progressive!

Present Simple vs. Present
Progressive

PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
MAIN USE
Permanent states
Habits or regular actions
General truths
MAIN USE
Temporary states
Actions happening at the moment
Future arrengements
TIME EXPRESSIONS:
• Usually, always, often, every day, in the
morning, on Monday, once, twice, etc.
TIME EXPRESSIONS:
• Now, at the moment, today, these days, this
week, tonight, tomorrow, next week, etc.

The following verbs are normally not used in
progressive tenses
VERBS OF EMOTION
Like, dislike, love, hate, want, need, prefer
VERBS OF SENSES
Feel, hear, smell, seem, appear

The following verbs are normally not used in
progressive tenses
OTHERVERBS
Be, have, own, belong, cost
VERBS OF PERCEPTION AND OPINION
Know, mean, think, understand, remember, forget, imagine, hope,
believe

Past simple

When to use it?
We use the past simple tense for:
• Actions that started and were completed at a specific time in the
past
• Habitual or repeated actions in the past
• Completed actions that happened one after the other in the past

examples
• We bought a house five years ago (started//completed in the past)
• I always went to bed Early when I was 5 (habits in past)
• I made a sándwich, turned on theTV and watched the match

 +VPS + COMPLEMENT
I went shopping yesterday.

2 Different Options
Verbs
Regular Irregular
Luis Roberto Ortiz

Regular verbs
For regular verbs, we only add
“ed” at the end of the verb.
Luis Roberto Ortiz
Play  Played
Talk  Talked
Stay  Stayed
Jump  Jumped

Exceptions
1. Verbs ending in –e, only add a –d at the end
2. Verbs ending in a consonant + -y, add –ied
3. Verbs with one syllable ending in CVC form, double the last consonant.
4. Verbs with 2 or more syllables ending in the CVC form and with the last stressed syllable
5. Verbs ending in one vowel + -L, double the –L before the –ed
Luis Roberto Ortiz

Verbs ending in –e, only add a –d at the end
Dance  Danced
Agree  Agreed
Luis Roberto Ortiz

Verbs ending in a consonant + -y, add –
ied
Try- Tried
Carry - Carried

Be Careful!
Play  Played
Luis Roberto Ortiz

Verbs with one syllable ending in CVC FORM, double the
last consonant.
Stop  Stopped
Luis Roberto Ortiz
C V C

Be Careful!
IF THE VERB ENDS IN X OR W, DON´T DOUBLE THE LAST
CONSONANT
FIX  FIXED
MIX  MIXED
Luis Roberto Ortiz

Verbs with more than one syllable, you only double
the consonant if it has the CVC and it is stressed
Prefer  Preferred
Luis Roberto Ortiz

Be Careful!
Answer Answered
Luis Roberto Ortiz

Verbs ending in one vowel + -L, double the
–L before the –ed
Travel  Travelled
Cancel  Cancelled
Luis Roberto Ortiz

Be Careful!
Sail Sailed
Luis Roberto Ortiz

Irregular Verbs
Luis Roberto Ortiz
Irregular verbs are different from each
other, so, you need to learn one by one
the cases. 

Some examples
 HAVE  HAD
 GET  GOT
 BUY  BOUGHT
 MAKE  MADE
 COME  CAME
 EAT  ATE
 LEAVE  LEFT
 DO  DID
 GO  WENT
 SEE  SAW
Luis Roberto Ortiz

Time expressions
• Yesterday
• Last Night
• Last Day
• Last Summer
• Two days ago
Luis Roberto Ortiz

affirmative sentences
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
Verb in
past
Comp.

examples
•I played soccer last week.
•Sarah danced salsa yesterday.
•Peter and Paco ate broccoli last morning.
Luis Roberto Ortiz

negative sentences
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
Didn´t Comp.Verb in
simple
form

We use “used to” to talk about something that happened
regularly in the past but no longer does
“We used to go skateboarding every afternoon when we´re young”

Some + uncountable / plural countable
We use some + uncountable // plural countable
nouns in affirmative sentences and offers
There is some orange juice in the fridge
Would you like some chips?

any+ uncountable / plural countable
We use any + uncountable // plural countable
nouns in questions and negative sentences
Is there any orange juice in the fridge?
There aren´t any chips in the table.

No (=not any) + uncountable / plural countable
We use no+ uncountable // plural countable nouns in
affirmative sentences yo give a negative meaning
There is no cheese in the fridge (=There isn´t any cheese in the fridge)

many
We use many with plural countable nouns,
usually in questions and negative sentences
There aren´t many books in the bookcase

much
We use much with uncountable nouns, in
questions and negative sentences
We don´t have much money

LOT OF // LOTS OF
We use lot of // lots of with uncountable plural
countable nouns, usually in affirmative sentences
There is a lot of coffee in my cup
There are lots of apples in the fridge.

A Little
We use a Little with uncountable nouns in
There is a Little cheese on the table

A few
We use a few with plural countable nouns in
There are a few magazines on the table

Little
We use little with uncountable nouns when
there´s not enough of something
We´ve got very little time

few
We use few with plural countable nouns when
there are nout enough of them
There are very few tomatoes left

What happened?
Lesson 2a
Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero

adjectives
• Adjectives ending in –ed  indicate or describe emotions
• Adjectives ending in –ing  describe characteristics of someone or
something

adjectives
We were tired from the journey.
It was nice but it was a bit tiring

Past Progressive

When to use it?
1. For actions that were happening at a specific point of time in the past
2. To describe background scenes to a story
3. For actions that were happening at the same time in the past. In this case, we
usually use while

When to use it?
1. I was watchingTV at 7 o´clock yesterday evening.
2. Jill was walking in the forest and it was raining.
3. While I was watchingTV, my father was cooking

How to form it?

affirmative
 + was//were + verb. –ING + comp.

negative
 + was//were +NOT + v. -ing+ comp.

interrogative
Was//Were +  +V- -ing + comp.

examples
• I was playing yesterday at school
• Tom wasn´t sleeping t in the classroom.
• They were studying for the exam yeaterday morning.
• Was Many drawing last Monday at class?

Past Simple vs. Past
Progressive

I was painting my room all day yesterday.
I painted it blue.

We use the Past Progressive and the Past Simple in the same
sentence when one action interrupted another in the past. We use
the Past Progressive for the longer action and the Past Simple for
the shorter action. In this case we usually use while, when, as

I was sleeping when the telephone rang.
As/While I was driving, I saw a cat in the street.

important
We use as soon as with the Past Simple
"As soon as they left, we started cleaning up the house

example
While I was travelling on the underground, I saw a strange
sign.
One action was in progress when the other happened

example
I was looking at the merchant while he was cutting the
fruit in half
The two actions were happening at the same time

example
As soon as I finished eating the piece, the merchant
offered me more
The two actions happened one after another

Present Perfect Simple

When to use it?
• For an action which happened in the past, but we don´t mention when
exactly
• To talk about a state which started in the past and continues up in the
present
• For an action which happened in the past and finished, but the results are
obvious in the present

examples
I have travelled to the USA twice
I have lived in Athens since 1990.
I´m tired. I have just finished studying
Look! Mike has broken his leg

formation

affirmative
 + have/has +VPP + comp.

negative
 + have/has + not +VPP + comp.

Interrogative
Have / Has +  +VPP + comp. + ?

time expressions

Broaden your mind
Lesson 2E

General Review

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to General Review

More from Luis Roberto Ortiz

Recently uploaded

General Review

Editor's Notes