The document provides a lesson on adventurous activities, vocabulary associated with different environments, and how to use the present perfect simple tense in English. It distinguishes between present perfect and past simple tenses, emphasizing different time expressions and the nuances of using 'have/has been' versus 'have/has gone.' Additionally, it covers reported speech for commands and requests, providing examples and exercises for practice.

1. ADVENTURE
LESSON 8
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2. I DARE YOU!
LESSON 8A
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3. Do you enjoy doing adventurous things?
Would you like more adventures in your
life?
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4. VOCABULARY
 DESERT
 FOREST
 ISLAND
 MOUNTAIN
 VOLCANO
 LAKE
 WATERFALL
 RIVER
 CAVE
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5. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
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6. WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE …
 For actions which happened in the past, but we don´t mention
when exactly
 I´ve visited the National Museum, so I don´t want to go there again.
 For actions that happened in the past and their results are obvious
in the present
 Look! Herry has broken his leg!
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7. HOW TO FORM THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE?
We form it with the following rule
Have/has + verb in past participle
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8. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
SUBJECT HAVE/HAS VERB IN PP
I HAVE PLAYED
YOU HAVE PLAYED
HE HAS PLAYED
SHE HAS PLAYED
IT HAS PLAYED
WE HAVE PLAYED
YOU HAVE PLAYED
THEY HAVE PLAYED
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9. NEGATIVE SENTENCES
SUBJECT HAVE/HAS NOT VERB IN PP
I HAVE NOT PLAYED
YOU HAVE NOT PLAYED
HE HAS NOT PLAYED
SHE HAS NOT PLAYED
IT HAS NOT PLAYED
WE HAVE NOT PLAYED
YOU HAVE NOT PLAYED
THEY HAVE NOT PLAYED
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10. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
HAVE/HAS SUBJECT VERB IN PP ?
HAVE I PLAYED ?
HAVE YOU PLAYED ?
HAS HE PLAYED ?
HAS SHE PLAYED ?
HAS IT PLAYED ?
HAVE WE PLAYED ?
HAVE YOU PLAYED ?
HAVE THEY PLAYED ?
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11. TIME EXPRESSIONS FOR THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
 Always
 Never
 Ever
 Before
 Once
 twice
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12. OPEN YOUR STUDENT´S BOOK
ON PAGE 137
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13. SPEAKING ACTIVITY
• Do you consider yourself an adventurous person? Why or why not?
• What's the most exciting thing you've ever done? Tell about it.
• If you could go back to another time and place, what time and place would you choose and
why?
• Have you ever tried any of the following: bungee jumping, snowboarding, parachuting, hang-
gliding? If so, tell about it.
• If you were offered a trip on the space shuttle, would you go? Why or why not?

14. THAT´S LIFE
LESSON 8B
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15. VOCABULARY
 LIFT
 STUCK
 OUT OF ORDER
 BROKE DOWN
 RUN OUT OF® LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ GUERRERO

16. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS. PAST SIMPLE
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17. WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE WE USE THE PAST SIMPLE
For actions that happened in the past, but we don´t
say when exactly
I have visited Rome.
For actions that happened at a definite time in the
past. We clearly say when.
I visited Rome last year.
With the time expressions ever, never, before,
always, once twice. Etc.
With the time expressions yesterday, in 1996, ago,
last week/month, etc.
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18. IMPORTANT NOTE
 Have/has been means that someone has visited a place but has come
back.
 Beth has been to Barcelona (Now she´s back)
 Have/has gone  means that someone has gone somewhere and is still
there.
 Beth has gone to the supermarket (She´s still there)
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19. ALL ABOARD
LESSON 8C
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20. Have you ever use an airplane, ship
train or bus?
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21. VOCABULARY
 HELMET
 ROPE
 COMPASS
 PENKNIFE
 LIFE JACKET
 SEAT BELT
 WHISTLE ® LUIS ROBERTO ORTIZ GUERRERO

22. REPORTED SPEECH (COMMANDS – REQUESTS)
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23. We use reported speech when we report the
meaning of what somebody said, but not with the
exact words.
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24. When we repeat the exact words that someone said, we
usually use the verb say and put the words in qutation
marks. This is called Direct Speech
Martin said “call Mr. Roberts at the office”
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25. We usually use tell when we report commands
and ask when we report requests
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26. DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
AFFIRMATIVE
“Give me a lift to the station” said
Joe
Ask/tell + to + base form of the
verb
Joe asked me to give him a lift to
the station
NEGATIVE
“Don´t use the computer” said
Harry
Ask/Tell + not to + base form of
the verb
Harry told me not to use the
computer
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27. EXERCISES
 “Don´t go sailing without a compass. You can get lost” said the instructor to
us.
 The instructor told us not to go sailing without a compass because we could get lost
 “Turn off the air conditioning, please. I am getting sick” Donna said to me
 Donna asked me to turn off the air conditioning because she was getting sick
 “Can you give me some information about the courses, please? I said to the
receptionist
 I asked the receptionist to give me some information about the courses.
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