GENE THERAPY AND BIOETHICS business communication.pptx
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The document discusses gene therapy and associated bioethical issues. It provides an introduction to gene therapy, describing it as a process that alters cell properties for therapeutic use by manipulating DNA expression. The document outlines two main types of gene therapy - somatic and germline - and two methods - in vivo and ex vivo. Potential advantages are described as eliminating hereditary diseases and 'silencing' genes, while disadvantages include short-lived effects, immune responses, issues with multigene disorders, and side effects. Finally, the document discusses some important ethical considerations surrounding gene therapy and genetic manipulation, such as how to distinguish appropriate uses, who decides what traits constitute disorders, access and cost issues, effects on societal acceptance of differences,
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Gene therapy involves introducing normal genes into patients to compensate for mutated genes that cause disease. The first gene therapy trial treated a girl with severe combined immunodeficiency. While it initially strengthened her immune system, the effects only lasted a few months. Gene therapy shows promise for diseases caused by single gene defects like cystic fibrosis, but faces challenges like short-lived effects, immune responses, and safety issues. Continued research aims to address these challenges through techniques like RNA interference and improved gene delivery methods.
SPK - Genetic OWE Graded
Panyatree Kongkwanyuen wrote a paper on gene therapy and how it is changing the field of medicine. Gene therapy introduces DNA into the body to cure diseases by providing cells that correct or replace disease-causing cells. It has potential to treat hereditary diseases, cancer, AIDS and heart disease. However, there are also limitations and ethical issues regarding who can receive treatment and commercial applications. While promising, more research is still needed to improve gene therapy and fully realize its benefits.
Pharmaceutical biotechnology
Biotechnology is the use of living organisms to develop products and technologies. Pharmaceutical biotechnology applies biotechnology principles to develop drugs. The majority of current drugs are biologics such as antibodies, nucleic acids, and vaccines. Biotechnology methods are important in drug research and development, with key applications in oncology, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal disorders. Examples of biotech drugs include insulin for diabetes, gene therapy to replace mutated genes, clotting factors for hemophilia, human serum albumin for burns treatment, and engineered enzymes for enzyme deficiencies.
STS 11.pptx
- Genes are regions of DNA that code for proteins. Defective genes can cause disorders like cystic fibrosis and some cancers.
- The first authorized gene therapy study took place in 1989 and showed that human cells could be genetically modified without harm. Over 2200 gene therapy trials have since been approved or completed worldwide.
- Gene therapy involves delivering genes into target cells using viral or non-viral methods to treat diseases caused by abnormal genes or their expression. While promising, gene therapy also faces challenges like ineffective delivery methods and safety issues that researchers continue working to overcome.
Gene therapy
Gene therapy involves introducing genetic material into a patient's cells to treat a disease. The first successful human gene therapy trial took place in 1990 to treat ADA-SCID. Since then over 2,300 clinical trials have been conducted, mostly in phase I. There are two main types - somatic cell gene therapy, which affects only the individual, and germline gene therapy, which can be inherited. Recent breakthroughs include FDA-approved CAR-T therapies to treat some cancers, and experimental gene therapy curing sickle cell disease in one patient. However, gene therapy also faces challenges in terms of costs, safety, and ethical and regulatory issues.
BIOSIMILARS AND ITS FUTUE
The document discusses recent advances in biosimilars and their future prospects. It begins with an abstract about a student's seminar presentation on personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics. The contents section lists topics like what biosimilars are, literature reviews on the use of targeted drugs and clinical trials, the need for and advantages of personalized medicine, and case studies on using genetic testing to target lung cancer treatments. It explores how pharmacogenomics can optimize drug responses based on a patient's genetics and discusses patents and the future of personalized healthcare.
Incisionless surgery.pptx
This document provides tips and instructions for using a PowerPoint presentation (PPT) for teaching purposes. Some key points:
- Blank slides are included and can be used to elicit questions from students about each topic before presenting content.
- Topics covered include etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, and more.
- An active learning approach is recommended by showing blank slides, asking questions, and then presenting content.
- The PPT can be used for self-study as well by reviewing notes and bibliographies included.
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“8th National Biennial Conference on Medical Informatics 2012”
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APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PHARMACEUTICALS.pptx
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Research Ethics Forum: Ethical Challenges in Trials of Human Genome Editing a...
Research Ethics Forum: Ethical Challenges in Trials of Human Genome Editing a...
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SCRAP BS PPT.pptx
The document summarizes key lessons on team building and management that can be learned from the popular Netflix series Money Heist. It discusses how the Professor carefully recruited members based on their unique skills and ensured diversity. He then spent 5 months training the team and building cohesion. As the respected leader, the Professor planned thoroughly, supported his team, and gave them autonomy. The shared goal of the ambitious heist united the diverse members.
Cancer_and_Carcinogens.ppt
Cancer arises from uncontrolled cell growth caused by genetic mutations. Carcinogens are substances that cause mutations leading to cancer, while mutagens cause genetic alterations without necessarily causing cancer. Cancer develops through a multi-step process of initiation by carcinogens, promotion of neoplastic cell growth, and progression to malignant tumors. Environmental exposures like chemicals in cigarette smoke and cooked meats can contain carcinogens and mutagens. Preventing exposure to these substances is important for reducing cancer risk, as finding a universal cure remains challenging given cancer's complex molecular basis.
TIYA FILE.pptx
Sikkim is a small Indian state located in the Himalayas. It borders Nepal, China, Bhutan, and West Bengal. The people of Sikkim are diverse, including Lepchas, Bhutias, Nepalese, and others. Sikkim is known for its beautiful scenery and biodiversity, including Kangchenjunga, the third highest mountain. Buddhism was introduced in the 9th century and the Namgyal dynasty ruled for over 150 years until it merged with India in 1975. Sikkim has 11 official languages and Gangtok is the capital. The economy depends on agriculture and tourism.
metaverse.pptx
The document discusses the categories of the metaverse including augmented reality, virtual reality, virtual worlds, and life logging. It outlines future uses such as decentralization, the creator economy, spatial computing, and infrastructure. Some disadvantages mentioned are protecting kids, hacking, privacy, health concerns, inequality, legal issues, and desensitization. It concludes by asking if the metaverse can be used for genetic engineering.
Introduction to Biotechnology.pptx
This document provides an introduction to biotechnology. It discusses that biotechnology uses biological systems to develop products and has applications in medicine, food, industry, and the environment. The document outlines the history of biotechnology and some key developments like the discovery of penicillin in 1928. It also discusses current applications of biotechnology like genetically modified crops, recombinant insulin, gene therapy, and its role in fighting COVID-19. The concluding sections note that biotechnology companies must communicate effectively with various audiences like investors, scientists and the public.
GOLGI_NAKSHATRA & FAIZAAN.pptx
The Golgi complex functions to process proteins received from the ER and sort them for delivery to different locations in the cell. It is composed of flattened sacs called cisternae. Proteins enter at the cis face and exit through the trans face after undergoing modifications like glycosylation. The Golgi synthesizes sphingomyelin and other glycolipids and modifies proteins through addition of carbohydrates. Vesicles then transport proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides from the trans-Golgi network to their appropriate destinations, such as the plasma membrane or lysosomes. Vesicle transport and fusion is mediated by coat proteins and SNARE complexes.
Chlamydia .pptx
The document summarizes information about the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, which causes the sexually transmitted infection chlamydia as well as trachoma, a leading cause of preventable blindness. It describes how chlamydia infects the genital tract in males and females, causing symptoms like urethritis and cervicitis. It also discusses how chlamydia can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream, potentially causing conjunctivitis, reactive arthritis, or pelvic inflammatory disease. Prevention involves testing and treatment of partners, while azithromycin and doxycycline are commonly used to treat chlamydial infections.
A- Tracer Technique- Instrumentation.pptx
Radioactive tracers like carbon-14 can be used to tag molecules like amino acids that are then incorporated by cells. This allows researchers to track where these molecules go after leaving the cell. Emission tomography uses radioactive tracers and gamma detectors to create 2D or 3D images showing the distribution of tracers inside the body. Positron emission tomography involves injecting a radioactive tracer molecule that emits positrons, colliding with electrons to produce gamma rays detected by a scanner to image biochemical processes. Various isotopes including bismuth-213, chromium-51, and iodine-125 are used as tracers in medical applications like identifying deep vein thrombosis or measuring kidney function.
Vitamin-C Avantika.pptx
Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble vitamin that cannot be synthesized by humans. It plays important roles in collagen formation, antioxidant activity, and iron absorption. The recommended daily allowance is 90 mg for adult men and 75 mg for women, though smokers may need an additional 35 mg. While deficiency can cause scurvy, too much vitamin C intake above 2000 mg daily can cause gastrointestinal issues.
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MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Male reproduction physiology by Suyash Garg .pptx
Physiology of Male reproduction.
Video mentioned at page no. 23 as summary for better understanding
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coasts
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
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Warehousing
Good warehousing practices
Material management
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Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and ReplicabilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Abstract: Reproducibility (aka determinism in some cases) constitutes a fundamental aspect in various fields of computer science, such as floating-point computations in numerical analysis and simulation, concurrency models in parallelism, reproducible builds for third parties integration and packaging, and containerization for execution environments. These concepts, while pervasive across diverse concerns, often exhibit intricate inter-dependencies, making it challenging to achieve a comprehensive understanding. In this short and vision paper we delve into the application of software engineering techniques, specifically variability management, to systematically identify and explicit points of variability that may give rise to reproducibility issues (eg language, libraries, compiler, virtual machine, OS, environment variables, etc). The primary objectives are: i) gaining insights into the variability layers and their possible interactions, ii) capturing and documenting configurations for the sake of reproducibility, and iii) exploring diverse configurations to replicate, and hence validate and ensure the robustness of results. By adopting these methodologies, we aim to address the complexities associated with reproducibility and replicability in modern software systems and environments, facilitating a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective on these critical aspects.
https://hal.science/hal-04582287
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Class 10 human eye notes physics
Handwritten best quality
Post translation modification by Suyash Garg
overview of PTM helps to the students who wants to clear their basics about it.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
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(
�
−
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)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
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) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
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SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
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Quality assurance B.pharm 6th semester BP606T UNIT 5
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TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
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(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
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GENE THERAPY AND BIOETHICS business communication.pptx
- 2. TEAM MEMBERS: • YASHIKA KORANGA • AVANTIKA • KOMAL • MANSI TYAGI • SHEFALI AMITY INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE AND STEM CELL RESEARCH 9/3/20XX Presentation Title 2
- 3. GENE THERAPY: INTRODUCTION • Process that alters the biological properties of a living cell for therapeutic use. • Manipulates the expression of DNA(gene). • Gene therapy products are being studied to treat diseases including cancer, genetic diseases, infectious diseases ,etc. 9/3/20XX Presentation Title 3
- 4. GENE THERAPY: TYPES 1. SOMATIC GENE THERAPY • Occurs in somatic cells. • Therapeutic genes are incorporated into somatic/stem cells of the body. • Safest and best method for gene therapy. 2. GERMLINE GENE THERAPY • Occurs in germ cells. • Adopted to treat genetic diseases. • Has legal issues. 9/3/20XX Presentation Title 4
- 5. GENE THERAPY: METHODS 1. IN-VIVO GENE THERAPY • Direct delivery of genetic material. • Works with help of a vector. 2. EX-VIVO GENE THERAPY • Process of removing specific cells from person, genetic alteration and replacement. • Mostly applied to hematopoietic stem cells. 9/3/20XX Presentation Title 5
- 6. GENE THERAPY ADVANTAGES • Has potential to eliminate and prevent hereditary diseases. • Can ‘silence’ a gene. • Can be used to eradicate a disease from a person and their future offspring. DISADVANTAGES • Short-lived nature. • Immune response reduces gene therapy effectiveness. • Multigene disorders are difficult to treat. • Side effects. • Abortions. 9/3/20XX Presentation Title 6
- 7. ETHICAL ISSUES • Manipulation of living organisms by human race have to go through rules and regulations. • Ethical standards are required. • Raises questions like: a) How can “good” and “bad” uses of these technologies be distinguished? b) Who decides which traits are normal and which constitute a disability or disorder? c) Will the high costs of gene therapy make it available only to the wealthy? d) Could the widespread use of gene therapy make society less accepting of people who are different? e) Should people be allowed to use gene therapy to enhance basic human traits such as height, intelligence, or athletic ability? 9/3/20XX Presentation Title 7