The document summarizes information about the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, which causes the sexually transmitted infection chlamydia as well as trachoma, a leading cause of preventable blindness. It describes how chlamydia infects the genital tract in males and females, causing symptoms like urethritis and cervicitis. It also discusses how chlamydia can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream, potentially causing conjunctivitis, reactive arthritis, or pelvic inflammatory disease. Prevention involves testing and treatment of partners, while azithromycin and doxycycline are commonly used to treat chlamydial infections.

1. BY- NAKSHATRA PAL SINGH CHAUHAN
ENROLLMENT NO.:- A14587822001
AIMMSCR-SEM I (MSM)

2. • The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is the source of the sexually transmitted
infectious illness chlamydia. Additionally, it causes "trachoma," the most
common infectious cause of blindness worldwide, an ocular infection.
• In females the anatomic site of infection is cervix and can cause cervicitis,
urethritis, perihepatitis or proctitis.
• In males C. trachomatis can lead to urethritis, epididymitis and reactive
arthritis.

3. • Chlamydia trachomatis is part of Chlamydophila genus.
• This bacteria is gram-negative, anaerobic, intracellular obligates that replicate within
eukaryotic cells.
• C. trachomatis differentiates into 18 serologically variant strains based on monoclonal
antibody-based typing assays.
• Serovars A, B, Ba and C: Is a serious ocular illness that is endemic in Africa and Asia
• Serovars D-K: Genital tract infections, neonatal infections.
• Serovars L1-L3: Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) correlates with genital ulcer disease in
tropical countries.

4. • Urogenital chlamydia infections are most commonly reported bacterial infections and most
common cause of sexually transmitted diseases in the world. Urethral infection is called as
urethritis and burning sensation during peeing is known as dysuria. Similarly for vaginal
infection is termed as vaginitis and painful intercourse termed as dyspareunia.
• Females aged between 15-25 years are more prone to infection while in males the age of
infection is 20-25 years.
• C. trachomatis targets the squamocolumnar epithelial cells of endocervix and upper genital
tract in women, and the conjunctiva of eye, urethra and rectum in both males and females.
• Bacterium is transmitted through direct contact with infected tissue, including Vaginal, anal
or oral sex .
• Mother can pass this disease to newborn during childbirth causes neonatal chlamydia.
• Prostate in male is infected and causes prostatitis.

5. • Chlamydia further diffuse to blood stream and infects the
eye particularly conjunctiva; causes conjunctivitis. It gives
itching sensation. If someone scratches his eye the infection
can move to pupil causes opacity which is referred to as
trachoma which is most common cause of blindness in the
world. The disease is also known as Reiter’s syndrome.
• Another site infected by blood is joints of bone causing
infective arthritis. Chlamydia infects the synovial fluid which
helps bones to move on top of each other. again WBC will
attack here making the movement tough causing dysarthria
• Reactive arthritis is distinctive beast. It is result of reactive
antibodies that body has made to fight against chlamydia for
some reason due to presence of mistaking protein in joints
will start to attack Chlamydia as well as joint.

6. • Chlamydia is unique among bacteria, having an infectious cycle and two developmental
forms.
SYMPTOMS
• Painful urination
• Vaginal discharge
• Discharge from penis
• Painful sexual intercourse with bleeding
• Testicular pain in men
• Redness and itching of eye
• Blurred vision.
• Severe pain in the joints during movement.

7. PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
• Person should have partners identified and tested. Avoid multiple partners and use of protection like
condoms available in market.
• Treatment of Chlamydial infection is with azithromycin.
• Other alternatives are Doxycycline, erythromycin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin.
THANK YOU !
• Typical intra-cytoplasmic inclusions and free chlamydiae are identifiable in
Giesma-stained cell scrapings from the eye.
• Cytology techniques can be used to evaluate endocervical scrapings.