Parenterals are the sterile preparation that is directly administered into the circulatory system avoiding the enteral route. And these preparation provide rapid onset of action that is why the administered preparation must be safe.
Stability problem arise from microbial contamination of these products so sterility and stability must be ensured for these preparations.
To ensure their sterility and stability, regulations regarding to quality control through pharmacopeial specifications has great importance.
Parenterals are the sterile preparation that is directly administered into the circulatory system avoiding the enteral route. And these preparation provide rapid onset of action that is why the administered preparation must be safe.
Stability problem arise from microbial contamination of these products so sterility and stability must be ensured for these preparations.
To ensure their sterility and stability, regulations regarding to quality control through pharmacopeial specifications has great importance.
Eco frendily dyeing and finishing on silk fabriceSAT Journals
Abstract Today in the world of eco-friendly textiles, it becomes very important to solve the water pollution problem. Most of the textiles effluent came from dyeing industries spoil the water source and carcinogenic dyes create skin diseases and environmental hazards. So the present study focuses on plasma treatment, dyeing and fragrance finishing using natural sources. Plasma treatment is increase the dye uptake and luster in the silk fabric without more water consumption. Plasma treatment stands for, energy efficient, water saving, and economic than classical textile finishing processes. Traditional textile wet process needs lots of water to reduce the water consumption plasma treatment is used for surface modification of silk fabric. Plasma is a dry process is done by gases. Onion skin is a good dye yielding and antimicrobial source. These kind of natural sources are best alternative for synthetic dyes because these dyes are nature friendly dyes. Fragrance finish is a process where the substrate is subjected to inclusion of fragrance or essential oil which gives effects such as sedation, hypogynies, curing hyper tension. A new branch of textiles called “Aromatherapy textiles”, involves the incorporation of these essential oils on the textiles substrate for daily use. Key words: Plasma treatment, Silk fabric, Natural dye, Fragrance finishing,
The BenchMark Special Stains Product Guide includes product specific information about BenchMark Special Stains kit components and reagents, a visual demonstration of the protocol options for each assay, and information about optimizing staining performance for the BenchMark Special Stains automated staining platform.
In Process Quality Control Tests (IPQC) For Parenteral or Sterile Dosage FormsSagar Savale
These are the tests performed between QA and QC and provides for the authorization of approved raw materials for manufacturing based on actual laboratory testing generally called as IPQC such as physical, chemical, microbiologic and biologic tests.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Corrective and preventive action consists of improvements to an organization's processes taken to eliminate causes of non-conformities or other undesirable situations.
Formulation Development and Characterization of Topical Gel for PsoriasisBRNSS Publication Hub
The purpose of this research work was to develop and characterize a tacrolimus (TAC) gel using different
polymers for the treatment of psoriasis. The physicochemical compatibility was confirmed between
TAC and other excipients by Fourier transfer infrared. Formulated gels were characterized for drug
content, viscosity, extrudability, skin irritation study, pH, in vitro diffusion study, and stability. Release
of TAC from all formulations using dialysis membrane into a phosphate buffer pH 6.8 at 37°C was
performed. Optimized batch was selected from this characterization study. Based on the data collected,
it was revealed that TAC has proven to be a promising candidate for delivery through gel in the treatment
of psoriasis.
Health risk of common people due to using locally manufactured face mask in B...Snowtex Outerwear LTD
Wear a Mask to Protect Yourself and Others
Masking is a critical public health tool and it is important to remember that any mask is better than no mask.
Wear the most protective mask you can that fits well and that you will wear consistently.
Wearing a high-quality mask along with vaccination, self-testing, and physical distancing, helps protect you and others by reducing the chance of spreading COVID-19.
What kind of masks are we using?
Eco frendily dyeing and finishing on silk fabriceSAT Journals
Abstract Today in the world of eco-friendly textiles, it becomes very important to solve the water pollution problem. Most of the textiles effluent came from dyeing industries spoil the water source and carcinogenic dyes create skin diseases and environmental hazards. So the present study focuses on plasma treatment, dyeing and fragrance finishing using natural sources. Plasma treatment is increase the dye uptake and luster in the silk fabric without more water consumption. Plasma treatment stands for, energy efficient, water saving, and economic than classical textile finishing processes. Traditional textile wet process needs lots of water to reduce the water consumption plasma treatment is used for surface modification of silk fabric. Plasma is a dry process is done by gases. Onion skin is a good dye yielding and antimicrobial source. These kind of natural sources are best alternative for synthetic dyes because these dyes are nature friendly dyes. Fragrance finish is a process where the substrate is subjected to inclusion of fragrance or essential oil which gives effects such as sedation, hypogynies, curing hyper tension. A new branch of textiles called “Aromatherapy textiles”, involves the incorporation of these essential oils on the textiles substrate for daily use. Key words: Plasma treatment, Silk fabric, Natural dye, Fragrance finishing,
The BenchMark Special Stains Product Guide includes product specific information about BenchMark Special Stains kit components and reagents, a visual demonstration of the protocol options for each assay, and information about optimizing staining performance for the BenchMark Special Stains automated staining platform.
In Process Quality Control Tests (IPQC) For Parenteral or Sterile Dosage FormsSagar Savale
These are the tests performed between QA and QC and provides for the authorization of approved raw materials for manufacturing based on actual laboratory testing generally called as IPQC such as physical, chemical, microbiologic and biologic tests.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Corrective and preventive action consists of improvements to an organization's processes taken to eliminate causes of non-conformities or other undesirable situations.
Formulation Development and Characterization of Topical Gel for PsoriasisBRNSS Publication Hub
The purpose of this research work was to develop and characterize a tacrolimus (TAC) gel using different
polymers for the treatment of psoriasis. The physicochemical compatibility was confirmed between
TAC and other excipients by Fourier transfer infrared. Formulated gels were characterized for drug
content, viscosity, extrudability, skin irritation study, pH, in vitro diffusion study, and stability. Release
of TAC from all formulations using dialysis membrane into a phosphate buffer pH 6.8 at 37°C was
performed. Optimized batch was selected from this characterization study. Based on the data collected,
it was revealed that TAC has proven to be a promising candidate for delivery through gel in the treatment
of psoriasis.
Health risk of common people due to using locally manufactured face mask in B...Snowtex Outerwear LTD
Wear a Mask to Protect Yourself and Others
Masking is a critical public health tool and it is important to remember that any mask is better than no mask.
Wear the most protective mask you can that fits well and that you will wear consistently.
Wearing a high-quality mask along with vaccination, self-testing, and physical distancing, helps protect you and others by reducing the chance of spreading COVID-19.
What kind of masks are we using?
The Virogard Re-Usable Protective Mask is lightweight and contoured for an ergonomic fit to the face such that it can be worn without discomfort for long periods.
Apart from the high quality materials and workmanship incorporated in their manufacture, the key difference with Virogard masks lies in their antimicrobial action.
Virogard Masks will kill Influenza Type A virus, Ecoli and Tuberculosis on contact – not simply trap viable virus on the mask surface or within its fibers.
Prakash Chemicals International offers toluene diisocyanate chemical at affordable prices. To know more about toluene diisocyanate products. Visit our website today.
This article introduces an oxygen transmission rate test method to test the pudding cup, i.e. the coulometric method. The test principle, instrument features, specifications, and testing procedures are all included in this article, which may provide reference for oxygen permeability test of packaging containers
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
1. GB/T 32610-2016 Technical specification of daily protective mask
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terminology and definition, grading, technical requirements, test
methods, inspection rules, packaging, marking and storage of daily protective masks.
Shipping requirements.
This standard applies to protective masks worn under air pollution in daily life to filter out
particulate matter.
This standard is not applicable to respiratory protection products for special industries such as
anoxic environment, underwater operation, escape, fire fighting, medical treatment and
industrial dust protection, and also not applicable to respiratory protection products for infants
and children.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. Where the date of
the citation file, only the date version applies to this article
piece. For undated references, the latest version of the document (including all change orders)
applies to this document.
GB2890 - 2009 Respiratory protection Self-absorbing filter gas mask
GB / T2912.1 Textiles Determination of formaldehyde Part 1: Free and hydrolyzed formaldehyde
(water extraction method)
GB / T7573 Textiles Water Extract
Measurement of pH
GB / T10586 Technical conditions of the wet heat test chamber
GB / T10589 Technical conditions of the cryogenic test chamber
GB / T11158 High-temperature test chamber technical conditions
GB / T13773. 2 Textiles Seam tensile properties of fabrics and their products Part 2:
Measurement of seam strength by grip method
GB / T14233.1 - 2008 Test Methods for Medical Infusions, Blood Transfusions, Syringes Part 1:
Chemical Analysis Methods
GB15979 Hygiene standards for single-use sanitary products
GB / T17592 Textiles Determination of prohibited azo dyes
GB / T23344 Determination of 4-aminoazobenzene in textiles
GB / T29865 Textiles Colour fastness test Frictional colour fastness Small area method
3. Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3. 1
Particulate matter (particle size less than or equal to 2. 5μm) particulatematter ( PM 2. 5 )
5μm ) particulatematter ( PM 2. 5 )
Aerodynamic equivalent diameter in ambient air is less than or equal to 2.
5 μ m in ambient air, also known as fine particles.
2. [ GB3095 - 2012, definition 3.4 ]
3. 2
Filter efficiency filterefficiency
The ability of the mask body to filter out particulate matter under specified conditions, expressed
as a percentage.
3. 3
Particle protective performance
The ability of the mask to block particulate matter under specified conditions, expressed as a
percentage.
4 Grading
The protective effect of masks is classified from high to low as A, B, C and D. The ambient air
quality for each level of mask is shown in Table 1. The masks should be able to reduce the
concentration of inhaled particulate matter (PM 2. 5 ) to ≤75 μ g / m3 (air quality index category
good and above) in the corresponding air pollution environment.
Protective effect
level
Class A Class B Class C Class D
Applicable air
quality index
categories
serious pollution
Severe and
below pollution
Heavy pollution
and below
Moderate and
below pollution
Table 1 Ambient air quality for different protection effect levels
5. Technical requirements
5.1 Basic requirements
5. 1. 1 The mask shall provide safe and secure protection for the mouth and nose.
5. 1.2 Raw materials for masks shall not use recycled materials containing highly toxic,
carcinogenic or potentially carcinogenic substances and materials known to cause skin irritation
or other adverse reactions, and residues of other restricted substances shall meet the relevant
requirements and be odour-free.
5. 1. 3 The mask shall not have sharp corners and edges that can be reached and shall not cause
injury to the wearer.
5. 1.4 The mask should be easy to wear and remove, have no visible pressure or pain during
wearing and have little effect on head movement.
Note: See Appendix C for mask wearing environment and precautions.
5.2 Appearance requirements
The mask surface should be free of tears, oil stains, distortion and other obvious defects.
5.3 Intrinsic quality
3. The intrinsic quality requirements are shown in Table 2.
Project Requirements
Color fastness to friction (dry/wet)a /class ≥ 4
Formaldehyde content/(mg/kg) ≤ 20
pH 4.0~8.5
Decomposable carcinogenic aromatic amine dye a
/ (mg/kg) Prohibited
Residue of ethylene oxide b
/(μ g/ g ) ≤ 10
Inhalation resistance / Pa ≤ 175
Breathing resistance / Pa ≤ 145
Strong fracture of the mask strap and the connection of the strap to
the body of the mouthpiece / N ≥
20
Breath valve cover fastness c
Should not slip, fracture
or deform
Microbial
Coliform must not be detected
Athogenic septic bacteria d
must not be detected
Total fungal colonies/(CFU/g) ≤ 100
Total number of bacterial colonies
/ ( CFU / g ) ≤
200
View below the mask ≥ 60°
Table 2 Intrinsic quality indicators
a
Only the dyeing and printing part is assessed.
b
Only masks treated with ethylene oxide will be tested.
c
Only masks with expiratory valves will be tested.
d
Refers to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus haemolyticus.
5.4 Filtration efficiency
According to the filtration efficiency, it can be divided into: Class I, Class II, Class III. The
corresponding indicator values for each level are shown in Table 3.
Filter efficiency classification Grade I Grade II Grade III
Filtration
efficiency/ % ≥
saline
medium
99 95 90
oily medium 99 95 80
Table 3 Filtration efficiency levels and requirements
5.5 Protective effects
5. 5.1 The protective effect requirements for masks of different protective effect levels are shown
in Table 4.
Protective effect A B C D
4. level
Protection
effect/ % ≥
90 85 75 65
Table 4 Protective effect requirements for masks of different protective effect levels
5. 5. 2 When the protective effect level of the mask is A, the filtration efficiency shall be II or
above; when the protective effect level of the mask is B, C, or above.
Class D, filtration efficiency should be Class III or above.
6 Test Methods
6.1 Visual inspection
Ten masks were sampled and examined by visual inspection. The test light is based on normal
natural light, such as the fluorescent light, the illumination is not less than
400lx .
6.2 Colour fastness to friction
In accordance with GB / T29865. The outer layer of the dry friction test mask and the layer of the
wet friction test mask in contact with the human face.
6.3 Formaldehyde content
Implemented in accordance with GB / T2912.1.
6.4 pH
In accordance with GB / T7573. Specimens are cut at the contact layer between the mask and the
person's face.
6.5 Decomposable carcinogenic aromatic amine dyes
In accordance with GB / T17592 and GB / T23344.
Note: In general, GB/T17592 is used first, and GB/T23344 is used when aniline and/or
1,4-phenylenediamine are detected.
6. 6 Ethylene oxide residues
According to the product labeling, ethylene oxide treated masks are to be applied in accordance
with the provisions of chapter 9 of GB / T14233. 1 - 2008.
1 - 2008 in accordance with Chapter 9 of GB / T14233. Take parallel samples.
For testing, samples are cut on the body of the mask. If one of the test results passes and the
other fails, it shall not be averaged and shall be re-sampled,
Take the highest value as the test result. Results are calculated as relative content, with one
decimal place reserved.
6.7 Inhalation resistance
6.7.1 Samples and pretreatment
5. Four samples, two of which were untreated and two of which were pretreated as specified in
A.3.2 in Appendix A. If the sample is of a different type, each type shall have two samples, one
untreated and one pretreated in accordance with A.3.2.
6.7.2 Testing equipment
6. 7. 2. 1 The inspiratory resistance testing device consists of the test head die breathing tube,
pressure measuring tube, micro-pressure meter, flow meter, regulating valve, switch valve, pump,
air pump, air pressure gauge, air pressure gauge, air pressure gauge, air pressure gauge, air
pressure gauge, air pressure gauge, air pressure gauge, air pressure gauge.
Air compressor composition. See Figure 1.
1 --- Sample to be measured;
2 ---Test head mold breathing tube;
3 ---Pressure tube;
4 ---Micro-pressure meter;
5 ---Meter;
6 --- regulating valve;
7 --- Switching valve;
8 --- pump (for inspiratory resistance detection);
9 --- air compressor (for inspiratory resistance detection).
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the inspiratory and expiratory resistance detection devices
6.7.2.2 Flow meter range is 0L / min~100L / min with 3% accuracy.
6.7.2.3 Micro-pressure measuring range is 0Pa to 1000Pa with an accuracy of 1Pa.
6.7.2.4 Test head die. The main dimensions of the head mold should meet the requirements of
Appendix B. There are three models, large, medium and small.
6.7.2.5 The pumping capacity of the pump should not be less than 100L / min.
6.7.3 Testing conditions
The ventilation volume is constant at (85±1) L / min.
6.7.4 Testing methods
Check the airtightness and working condition of the detection device. Adjust the ventilation
volume to (85±1) L / min and set the system resistance of the detection device to 0.
Place the specimen on a matching test head mold, adjust the position of the mask and the
6. elasticity of the headband to ensure a tight fit between the mask and the test head mold. The
ventilation volume was adjusted to (85±1 ) L / min, and inspiratory resistance was measured and
recorded. During the test, take appropriate measures to avoid attachment of the specimen to the
mouth of the breathing tube.
6.8 Breathing resistance.
6.8.1 Sample and pretreatment requirements are the same as in 6.7.1.
6.8.2 Testing equipment
6.8.2.1 The expiratory resistance detection device is illustrated in Figure 1.
6.8.2.2 The flow meter is the same as 6.7.2.2.
6.8.2.3 Microbarometers are the same as 6.7.2.3.
6.8.2.4 Test head die dimensions are the same as 6.7.2.4.
6. 8. 2. 5 Air compressor discharge capacity not less than 100L / min.
6.8.3 Testing conditions
The same requirement as 6. 7.3.
6.8.4 Testing methods
Check the airtightness and working condition of the detection device. Adjust the ventilation
volume to ( 85±1 ) L / min, and set the system resistance of the test device Set to 0.
The specimen will be worn on a matching test head mold, adjust the wearing position of the
specimen and the elasticity of the headband to ensure that the specimen and the test head mold
The fit. Then adjust the ventilation volume to ( 85±1 ) L / min, measured and recorded inspiratory
resistance. In the testing process, appropriate methods are used to avoid Kind of attached to the
mouth of the breathing tube.
6.9 Strong fracture of the mask strap and its connection to the body of the mask
6. 9. 1 Take 5 mask samples.
6.9.2 In accordance with GB / T13773.2. Stretching speed 100mm / min. The test hook is
mounted on the upper clamp of the stretching apparatus, when testing
The mask strap hangs vertically from the test hook and the body of the mask is clamped axially in
the middle of the lower clamp with a loose grip.
6.9.3 Test hooks: made of steel, bar-shaped, width (10±0.1) mm, thickness (2±0.1) mm, bent at
one end to form a right angle hook, bent hook Partly at least ( 12±0.1 ) mm, the edge of the hook
should be smooth. The test hook should be conveniently mounted in the clamp of the tensile
tester. See Figure 2.
7. Figure 2 Schematic of the test hook
6.10 Fastness of breath valve cover
6.10.1 Samples and pretreatment
3 untreated samples.
6.10.2 Test equipment
6.10.2.1 Material tester measuring range: 0N~1000N with 1% accuracy.
6. 10.2.2 Clamps shall be of appropriate construction and clamping degree.
6.10.2.3 Timer accuracy of 0.1s.
6.10.3 Testing methods
Secure the expiratory valve cover and the mask body of the test specimen separately with
appropriate fixtures (the fixing point should be reasonably close to the corresponding
connection). start Material testing machine, apply axial tensile force to 10N for 10s, record if
fracture, slippage and deformation phenomenon.
6.11 Microbiological indicators
Implemented in accordance with GB15979.
6. 12 Perspectives
Implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB2890 - 2009 in 6. 6. 8 of GB2890 - 2009.
6.13 Filtration efficiency
As specified in Appendix A.
6.14 Protective effects
To be implemented as specified in Appendix B.
7. Inspection rules
7.1 Sampling
Products of the same species and specification (model) according to the delivery lot number as
8. inspection lot. Random from each test lot according to test requirements
Take a corresponding number of samples. When the number of deliveries in the same lot is
greater than 100,000, the sample size is doubled.
7.2 Quality determination
7.2.1 Judgement on the quality of appearance
The external quality is tested in accordance with 6. 1. 1 Test with at least 8 or more specimens
meeting the 5.2 requirement. 5.2 Requirement to pass or fail Qualified.
7.2.2 Intrinsic quality determination
The test results of intrinsic quality, filtration efficiency and protection effect meet the
requirements of 5.3, 5.4, 5.5 respectively, and are judged to be satisfactory. 5.3, 5.4, 5.5
requirements, judged to be qualified, otherwise judged to be unqualified.
7.2.3 Outcome determination
The products are judged to be qualified in terms of external quality, internal quality, filtration
efficiency and protection effect. Otherwise, it was determined that the product was not
Qualified.
8 Packaging, marking and storage and transportation
8.1 Packaging
Each mask should be packaged tightly.
8.2 Marking
Each packaging unit shall have an inspection certificate of conformity and shall bear a clearly
identifiable marking on the obvious parts, which shall contain the following:
a ) Manufacturer name and address;
b ) Product name;
c ) Main raw materials (inner, outer, filter layer);
d ) the implementation standard number;
e ) Product protection effect level;
f ) Product specifications (small, medium, large);
g ) Instructions for use (wearing method, precautions, etc.);
h) Date of manufacture, recommended use time (hours) and storage period;
i ) If disinfection is used, the disinfection method should be indicated.
8.3 Storage and transportation
The product should be sealed, not broken, not stained, not damp in storage and transportation,
pay attention to fire, rain, acid, alkali and avoid direct sunlight.
Appendix A
(Normative appendix)
Filtration efficiency test method
9. A. 1 Scope
This appendix specifies test methods for the filtration efficiency of the mouthpiece hood.
This appendix applies to everyday protective masks.
A. 2 Testing principles
Aerosol particles of a certain concentration and particle size distribution occur through the
aerosol generator, in order to specify the gas flow through the mask body, using the appropriate
When the particulate matter detection device detects the concentration of particulate matter
before and after passing through the mask body. Reduction of particulate matter concentration
after passing through the mask body by aerosol A percentage of the amount of the mask is used
to evaluate the filtering efficiency of the mask body against particulate matter.
A. 3. Samples and pretreatment
A. 3. 1 Sixteen samples were taken and divided into two groups, one using a salt medium and one
using an oil medium. 5 in each group are not Processing samples, Three are pretreated samples
as specified in A. 3.2.
A. 3.2 Temperature and humidity pretreatment
A. 3.2.1 Pretreatment equipment
A. 3.2.1.1 The technical performance of the wet heat test chamber shall comply with the
requirements of GB / T10586.
A. 3. 2. 1. 2 The technical performance of the high temperature test chamber shall comply with
the requirements of GB / T11158.
A. 3. 2. 1. 3 The technical performance of the cryogenic test chamber shall comply with the
requirements of GB / T10589.
A. 3.2.2 Pretreatment methods
The samples were removed from the original packaging and processed in the following order:
a) at (38±2.5) °C and (85±5) % relative humidity for (24±1) h ;
b) at (70±3) °C in a dry environment (24±1) h ;
c) 24±1 h at (-30±3) °C.
Prior to each step, the sample temperature should be restored to room temperature for at least 4
h before performing subsequent tests. After pretreatment the sample should be placed In an
airtight container and tested within 10h.
A. 4 Test equipment
A. 4.1 NaCl particulate matter filtration efficiency detection system
The NaCl particulate matter filtration efficiency testing system requires the following:
a ) NaCl particulate matter concentrations not exceeding 30 mg / m 3
,Counting median diameter
( CMD ) is ( 0.075±0.020 ) μ m ,Size distribution The geometric standard deviation is not greater
than 1. 86 ;
b ) The dynamic range for particle detection is 0. 001 mg / m 3
~100mg / m The accuracy is 1%;
c ) The detection flow rate range is 30L / min~100L / min, the accuracy is 2%;
d ) The detection range for filtration efficiency is 0 to 99. 999% ;
e ) shall have a device capable of neutralizing the charge of the particulate matter that occurs.
A. 4.2 Oily particulate matter filtration efficiency detection systems The requirements for an
10. oil-based particulate matter filtration efficiency testing system are as follows:
a) The test medium is DEHS or other applicable oil (e.g. paraffin oil) particulate matter with a
particulate matter concentration not exceeding 30 mg / m
3, counting. Bit diameter ( CMD ) is ( 0.185±0.020 ) μ m , the geometric standard deviation of the
size distribution is not greater than 1.
60 ;
b ) The dynamic range of particle size detection is 0. 001 mg / m 3 ~100mg / m The accuracy is
1%;
c ) The detection flow rate range is 30L/min~100L/min, the accuracy is 2%. d ) The detection
efficiency range is 0~99.999%;
d) The detection range of filtration efficiency is 0~99.999%.
A. 5 Test conditions
The test ambient temperature is ( The relative humidity was ( 30±10 ) %.
A. 6 Testing process
A. 6. 1 Test flow rate (85±4) L / min (If multiple filter elements are used, the flow rate should be
divided equally, e.g., double filter elements, the test rate of each filter element should be equal.
The measured flow should read ( 42. 5±2 ) L / min; if it is possible to use multiple filter elements
alone, they should be tested according to the test conditions of a single filter element).
A. 6.2 Adjust the filter efficiency testing system to the detection state and adjust its relevant
parameters.
A. 6.3 Attach the mask body or filter element to the detection device airtightly with an
appropriate fixture.
A. 6.4 After the start of the test, the filtration efficiency of the specimen is recorded at a sampling
frequency of ≥1 time/min. The test should continue until the particles are on the mask body The
product should not be loaded until it reaches 30mg.
A. 7 Data processing
The minimum value of the filtration efficiency obtained throughout the test was used as the
filtration efficiency of the mask sample material for that batch. Retain the value by one Decimal.
Appendix B
(Normative appendix)
Test methods for the effectiveness of particle protection
B. 1 Scope
This appendix specifies test methods for the effectiveness of daily protective masks against
particulate matter.
This appendix applies to everyday protective masks. Other masks may be consulted.
B. Principle 2
Aerosol particles of certain concentration and particle size distribution occur through the aerosol
11. generator, in order to specify the gas flow rate through the mask, using appropriate particle
detection device to detect the concentration of particles before and after filtering through the
mask. The protective effect of the mask against particulate matter was evaluated by calculating
the percentage reduction in particulate matter concentration after the passage of the aerosol
through the mask.
B. 3. Samples and pretreatment
Sixteen samples were taken and divided into two groups, one group was tested using a saline
medium and the other group was tested using an oily medium. Five of the samples in each group
are untreated and three are pretreated at the temperature and humidity specified in A.3.2.
B. 4 Test environment
The temperature was (25±5 ) ℃ and the relative humidity was (30±10 ) %.
B. 5 Protective effect testing devices
B. 5.1 Schematic diagram of the protective effectiveness testing device
See Figure B.1 for a diagram of the protective effect test device
Instructions:
1 --- Test chamber; 5 --- Ambient gas sampling tube;
2 ---Sample under test; 6 ---Aerosol concentration monitoring device;
3 --- Head mold breathing tube; 7 --- Breathing simulator.
Figure B.1 Schematic diagram of the protective effect test device
B. 5.2 Protective effect test chamber
Encloseable compartments with large viewing windows, of a size that is easy for the inspector to
operate. The test media is fed evenly from the top of the bin, the test knot After it is closed, it is
discharged through the bottom opening of the bin.
B. 5.3 Test media
B. 5.3.1 NaCl particles with an initial concentration in the test chamber of 20 mg / m in the
12. effective space
3 ~30mg / m 3, the concentration changes during the test It should not be more than 10%. The
aerodynamic particle size distribution of the particulate matter should be 0. 02 μ m~2 μ m. The
median mass diameter is about 0. 6 μ m.
02 μ m~2 μ m, with a median mass diameter of about 0. 6 μ m. The aerodynamic particle size
distribution should be 0. 02 μ m~2 μ m.
B. 5.3.2 Corn oil particles with an initial concentration in the test chamber of 20 mg/m
3 ~30mg / m 3, the concentration changes during the test It should not be more than 10%. The
aerodynamic particle size distribution of the particulate matter should be 0. 02 μ m~2 μ m. The
median mass diameter is about 0. 3 μ m.
02 μ m~2 μ m, with a median mass diameter of about 0. 3 μ m. The aerodynamic particle size
distribution should be 0. 02 μ m~2 μ m.
B. 5.4 Aerosol concentration monitoring devices
Gas sampling flow rate:
1L / min~2L / min, sampling frequency ≥1 time / min, dynamic range 0.001mg / m
3 ~100mg / m 3 , The accuracy is 1%. The inhalation gas sampling tube should be as close to the
nostril as possible, and the ambient air sampling tube should be located not more than 3cm from
the mouth and nose of the mask.
B. 5. 5 Test head model size
The dimensions of the test head die are shown in Table B. 1. 1 .
Dimensional items trumpet medium size large size
Head length 169 181 191
head width 140 148 157
interaural width 127 137 145
face width 136 143 148
long morphological
plane
109 120 129
coronal arc of the
head
349 361 363
sagittal arc of the
head
329 349 368
nasal height 48 51 59
nasal depth 17 18. 6 20
nose width 35 37 40
earpiece under the
chin
138 142 150
long submaxillary
angle of the ear
58 66 72. 2
Subnasal point under
the chin
62 64 71
B. 5.6 Breathing simulators
13. Sinusoidal airflow, respiratory rate 20 times/min, respiratory flow (30±1) L/min.
B. 6 Testing process
B. 6.1 Inspect the test device to confirm that it is in proper working order.
B. 6.2 Wear the mask securely on an appropriately sized head mould in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions for use, turn on the respiration simulator and aerosol concentration
monitoring device, and after the displayed values have stabilized, record the concentration of
particulate matter in the gas entering the head mould through the head mould breathing tube
(i.e., the background concentration of particulate matter in the mask C 0).
B. 6.3 Close the respiration simulator, introduce the test media into the test chamber, and use the
aerosol concentration monitoring device to monitor the concentration of the test media in the
chamber through the ambient air sampling tube, until it reaches the concentration of the
effective space in the test chamber in B. 5.3.
5.3. After the concentration of the effective space in the test chamber is reached, open the
breathing simulator.
B. 6. 4 Use an aerosol concentration monitoring device to record the in-vault test media
concentration C 1 and the inhalation test media concentration C 2 through the head-mold
breathing tube.
B. 6.5 For 1 h, monitor the values of C 1 and C 2 throughout the test and calculate the protective
effect of the sample.
B. 7 Calculation of protection effects
The protective effect is calculated according to formula (B. 1):
P = ( C 1 - C 2 + C 0 )/ C 1 ×100% …………………………( B.1 )
where:
C 1 - concentration of test media in the test chamber during the experiment, in mg/m3 (
mg/ m3 );
C 2 - test media concentration in milligrams per cubic metre (mg/m3 ) in the inhalation gas
through the head-mode breathing tube during the experiment;
C 0 - - the background concentration of particulate matter in the mask, in mg/m3.
During the test, the values of C 1 and C 2 should be monitored at the same time and the
protective effect of the sample should be calculated for each sampling moment, using the
minimum value of the protective effect obtained during the test as the protective effect of the
sample.
Appendix C
(Information appendix)
Environment and Precautions for Wearing the Mask
C. 1 Scope
This appendix provides information on the wearing environment and precautions for daily
protective masks with different levels of protection.
C. 2 Ambient air quality for masks of different protective effect levels
14. C. 2. 1 When particulate matter is the main pollutant in the ambient air, the concentration of fine
particulate matter in the inhaled air should be reduced to meet the requirement of good ambient
air quality (PM 2.5 concentration ≤75 μ g / m3 ) and above after wearing a mask with a protective
effect level appropriate to the air pollution environment.
C. 2. 2 The maximum limits of ambient air quality and permissible fine particulate matter (PM 2.5)
concentrations for different protective effect levels are shown in Table C. 1.
Table C.1 Maximum limits of ambient air quality and permissible fine particulate matter (PM 2.5)
concentrations for different protection effect levels
Protective effect level A B C D
Applicable ambient air
quality index
categories
serious
pollution
Severe and
below pollution
Heavy pollution
and below
Moderate and
below pollution
applicable
PM 2.5 Concentration
limit/( μ g/ m 3
) ≤
500 350 250 150
Maximum permissible
PM 2.5 concentration
limit/( μ g/ m 3
)
700 500 300 200
C. 3 Precautions for wear
C. 3. 1 Select suitable masks to be worn according to air pollution conditions.
C. 3.2 Check to confirm that the mask packaging is intact.
C. 3. 3. 3 Check the appearance before wearing, read the method of use and wear correctly
according to the method of wearing.
C. 3.4 Wearing protective masks should be replaced in a timely manner and is not recommended
for long-term use.
C. 3.5 Discontinuation of use is recommended in the event of discomfort or adverse reactions
during wearing.
C. 3. 6 When the concentration of airborne fine particulate matter is greater than 500 μ g / m3
, it
is recommended to reduce outdoor activities.
Reference Literature
[ 1 ] GB2626 - 2006 Respiratory protection Self-suction filtered anti-particulate respirator
[2] GB3095 - 2012 ambient air quality standards
[3] GB19083 - 2010 Technical requirements for medical protective masks
[4 ] GB31701 - 2015 Technical Specification for the Safety of Textile Products for Infants and
Children
[5] HJ633 - 2012 Ambient Air Quality Index (AQI) Technical Regulations (Trial)
[6] National Pharmacopoeia Commission . Chinese Pharmacopoeia . Beijing:China Pharmaceutical
Science and Technology Press, 2015.