The document provides an overview of the trends in the development of nursing education in India. It discusses nursing from pre-independence times through the Vedic period and British rule. It then covers the development of community health nursing, the Trained Nurses Association of India, and nursing education post-independence. This included the establishment of the Indian Nursing Council and various state registration councils. It also discusses the recommendations of committees on nursing education and the development of basic nursing programs, university-level programs, and current educational patterns in nursing including nurse practitioner courses.

1. ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, JODHPUR
COLLEGE OF NURSING
TRENDS IN DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING EDUCATION
SEMINAR-1, NURSING EDUCATION
Presented By:- Presented To:-
Gauri Bairwa Mrs. Vandana Pandey
M.Sc. Nursing 1st year Associate Professor
College of Nursing, AIIMS, Jodhpur College of Nursing, AIIMS, Jodhpur
Date Of Submission – NOV.17.2022

2. Introduction: Nursing had originated independently and existed many centuries without contact with modern medicine.
The members of the family at home met the nursing needs of the sick.
PRE-INDEPENDENCE
1. Nursing in pre-historic times:-
• Role of nurse in primitive period
2. Nursing - vedic period (3000 B.C-1400 b.C):- 4 wings of treatment 'Chatushpada
• Characters of upacharika (nurse):-
3. Nursing post vedic period (600 BC - 600 AD)
4. Nursing in mogul period (1000 AD)
5. British period (16th century onwards):-
• Military nursing
• Civilian nursing
• Missionaries nursing
Chikitsa. 1
Physician - Bhishak 2
Nurse - Upacharika
(Attendent - Anuraktha)
Therapeutic drugs – Dravya 4
Patient - Adhyaya
i. Shuchi
ii. Daksha
iii. Anuraktha
iv. Buddhiman

3. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING:-
 William Rathbone foamed visiting Nurses Association at England.
 Florence Lees improved the visiting Nurses by giving specialized training for their work. children were born
recognized as cause for high mortality rate. Because untrained 'Dais' are attending women at the time of child birth.
 1926 - Midwives Registration Act formed for the purpose of better training of midwives. Slowly community
Nursing Training needs felt by the Government.
 1946 Community Health Nursing at Delhi, Vellore and Madras. was integrated in Basic Nursing Programme.
TRAINED NURSES ASSOCIATION OF INDIA (TNAI):-
 In 1908 - TNAI formed to uphold the dignity and honor of the nursing profession.
 Florence Mac Haughton was the first president of TNAI
 In 1910-TNAI published journals.
 In 1912-TNAI affiliated to international Nursing Council as a 8th Association in the world.
 1917 June 16 (th) under the registration Act No:21 In 1860-TNAI got registered.
 In 1922-SNA formed.

4. POST INDEPENDENCE
Introduction: On 15th August 1947 India became independent and self govermentation. Social changes were taking place
rapidly but an alarming absence of public health and sanitary measures continued.
The formation of many commission and committees, establishment of INC and tremendous work of TNAI brought about change
in nursing education post independence.
A. TRAINED NURSES ASSOCIATION OF INDIA
B. ESTABLISHMENT OF INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL
• Act passed on december 31st 1947
• Constituted in 1949
• Main proposes of the council:-
1. To set standards and to regulate the nursing education of all types in the country.
2. To p prescribe and specify minimum requirement for qualifying for a particular course in nursing.
3. Advisory role in the state nursing council
4. To collaborate e with state nursing councils, schools and colleges of nursing and examination board.
C. STATE REGISTRATION COUNCIL

5. RECOMMENDATIONS OF VARIOUS COMMITTEES
PERTAINING TO NURSING EDUCATION
1) Health survey and development committee (Bhore committee 1946).
2) Shetty committee 1954.
3) Health survey and planning committee (Mudaliar committee 1959-61).
4) Mukherjee committee, 1966.
5) Kartar singh committee, 1972-73.
6) Sarojini varadappan committee, 1990 (A high power committee on nursing and nursing
profession.).
7) Working group on nursing education and manpower, 1991.

6. DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING EDUCATION
BASIC GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFERY EDUCATION
1. Training of Dais (Birth Attendant)
2. Auxillary Nurse Midwife
3. General Nursing And Midwifery Course
4. Post-Basic/Post Certificate Short-Term Courses And Diploma Programmes
UNIVERSITY-LEVEL PROGRAMMES
1. Basic BSc Nursing
2. Post Basic BSc Nursing
3. Post Basic Nursing by Distance Education Mode
4. Post-Graduate Education-MSc Nursing
5. Ph. D in Nursing
6. M.PHIL

7. Training of Dais (Birth Attendant)
 A nationwide Dai Training Programme was thus launched in 1977.
 goal- to train one Dai in each village and to train all the practicing
Dais in country
Duration - 30 days
No age limit
 theory , practice, more emphasis on field practice.
 at sub Centre and equipment provided by UNICE F.

8. Auxillary Nurse Midwife
first course was started at St. Marys Hospital Punjab, 1951.
2 years witch include a 9 month of midwifery and 3 months of community experience.
 mini age 17 years on or before 31st December. max age 35 years.
minimum educational req 10+ 2 , medically fit, Students qualified in 10+2 Arts or Science
examination conducted by National Institute of Open School.
EX.-National Institute of Health Education and Research, Patna
Sigma College of Nursing, Ludhiana
Shri Venkateshwara University, Amroha
Combined PG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Dehradun

9. General Nursing And Midwifery Course
In 1951 syllabus was prescribed by INC.
In 1954 a special provision was made for male nurse.
First revision in 1963. In 1964-65 Psychiatric nursing was included in curriculum. The duration
reduced from 4 years to 3.5 years.
Second revision in 1982. The duration reduced to 3 years. The Midwifery training of one year
duration was gradually reduced to 9 months and then six months, finally three year integrated
programme of GNM was prescribed in 1982.
Colleges
Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurgaon
Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi

10. Post-Basic/Post Certificate Short-Term Courses And
Diploma Programmes
During 1948-50 four nurses were sent to the U.K.by Govt. of India for mental health nursing diploma.
During 1954 Manzil Medical Health centre, Lucknow gave psychiatric nursing orientation course of 4
- 6weeks duration.
In 1951 a one year course in public health was started at college of nursing Delhi.Govt. of India felt
urgent need for psychiatric nurses during 1953-54,this resulted in first organized course at All India
Institute of Mental Health.
In 1962 diploma in pediatric nursing was established at J.J.Group of Hospitals, Bombay.
At present there are many other courses of three months duration which are monitored and
recognized by INC.
The ultimate aim of all the post basic/ post certificate programme is to improvement of quality of
patient care and promotion of health.

11. NURSING PROGRAMME AVAILABLE AT INC WEBSITE

12. Basic BSc Nursing
First university programme started just before independence in 1946 at university of Delhi. And
CMC Vellore.
In 1949, on recommendation of university education committee and education
commission(1964-66) and conference workshop held by TNAI.
INC prescribes the syllabus which has been revised three times, the last revision was done in
1981.It was done on basis of the 10 + 3 + 2 system of general education.
 four years
Colleges
Indira Gandhi National Open University – IGNOU, New Delhi,
Khatu Shyam Institute of Management and Technology - KSIMTA Janak Puri, New Delhi

13. Post Basic BSc Nursing
The need for higher training for certificate nurses was stressed by the Mudaliar Committee in
1962.
Two years post basic certificate BSc(N) programme was started in December 1962. for nurses
with diploma in general and midwifery with minimum of 2 years experience.
First started by university of Trivandrum.
At present there are many colleges in India offering Pc BSc(N) Course.
The basic eligibility criteria are that students should have completed Class 12 with a certificate
in General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM) and should have a registration in Registered Nurses
and Registered Midwives (RNRM).

14. Post Basic BSc Nursing
 need to have qualified for the GNM (General Nursing and Midwifery) course after attaining the
10+2 or equivalent qualification, preferably with Science subjects.
 Candidates not having done GNM are required to have a certificate in any of the nursing
courses of 6-9 months.
 Candidates should also be Registered Nurse/ Registered Midwives or equivalent with any of
the State Nursing Registration Councils.
AIIMS BSCNursing PosTBasic Exam, IGNOU OPENNET,IUET,AUAT ,PGIMER Entrance Exam
COLLEGES
AIIMS,RUHS;PGIMER Chandigarh,CMC Vellore,Jamia Hamdard University ,DY Patil University,
Navi Mumbai

15. Post Basic Nursing by Distance
Education Mode
In 1985 Indira Gandhi National open university was established.
 In 1992 Post Basic BSc Nursing programme was launched, which is three years duration course
is recognized by INC.

16. Post-Graduate Education-MSc Nursing
First two years course in masters of nursing was started at RAK College of Nursing in 1959.
 in 1969 in CMC Vellore.
 At present there are many colleges imparting MSc Nursing degree course in different specialties
M.Sc. Nursing, short for Master of Science in Nursing, is a postgraduate level programme.
 aims at catering to the field of Nursing and Applied Sciences.
 duration two years.
The delivery method of M.Sc. Nursing course includes lectures, seminars, practical work, extensive
lab and on-field training. Students have to submit their research thesis in the final semester of the
programme. In the final evaluation, class assignments of the students, research project and end-
semester exams are taken into account.
 eligibility criteria Bachelor's degree in a relevant field.

17. Post-Graduate Education-MSc Nursing
COLLEGES
AIIMS
PGIMER Chandigarh - Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
St. John's Medical College Bengaluru
Manipal Academy of Higher Education [MAHE], Manipal -Manipal, Karnataka
Dayananda Sagar University - [DSU], BangaloreBangalore, Karnataka
Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai. Chennai, Tamil Nadu

18. M.PHIL
MPhil or Master of Philosophy is a postgraduate academic research programme that is of two
years duration.
 Candidates from any stream - Humanities, Commerce, Science, Law, Teaching etc. can pursue
an MPhil course.
 need to study theory as well as practical subjects. Apart from this, candidates also need to
conduct research and present their research findings. After completing MPhil course candidates
can consider pursuing a PhD programme.

19. M.PHIL
University of Delhi
Jawaharlal Nehru University
University of Hyderabad
University of Calcutta, Kolkata
 Stella Maris College, Chennai
Panjab University Chandigarh
JAINJain University, Bangalore
AMITYAmity University Mumbai
Savitribai Phule Pune University
Amity University, Gurgaon

20. Ph. D in Nursing
Indian nurses were sent abroad for Ph. D programme earlier.
From 1992 Ph D in nursing is also available in India.
MAHI is one of the university having PhD programme.
PhD Nursing is a research level program, the duration of which ranges from 4-6 years. This
course involves research in the field of Nursing for the betterment of Health care facilities.
 completed Post graduation M.Sc./ M.Phil. in Nursing or any other equivalent discipline from a
recognized university with an aggregate of at least 55% marks.The candidates who have passed
Diploma in General Nursing and Midwifery from any institution recognized by the INC are also
allowed to join provided they have sufficient professional experience. must be medically fit.

21. Ph. D in Nursing
JIPMER -This is a national level entrance examination. This exam offers admission to students to
PG courses
 AIIMS PG - AIIMS PG is a national level entrance examination
COLLEGES
Siksha 'O'Anusandhan University ,Bhubaneshwar
Mahatma Gandhi University KottayamI
Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Wardha Bharati Vidyapeeth Pune
 Deemed University PUNE

22. CURRENT EDUCATIONAL PATTERNS IN NURSING
1. NURSE PRECTITIONER (NP) course
NURSE ANESTHETIST course
2. FORENSIC NURSING
3. TRAUMA NURSE
4. SONO NURESE
5. NURSING INFORMATICS
6. EMERGENCY NURSING
7. ADMINISTRATIVE NURSING
55SO

23. NURSE PRECTITIONER (NP) course
Overview
The Indian Nursing Council has initiated the ‘Nurse Practitioner in Critical Care Program’
(NPCC), the first postgraduate nursing residency program in India.
The program is approved by the Government of India and launched by the Health Minister and
it is announced on the INC website in the year 2017.
 Manipal College of Nursing has been successfully implementing the NPCC program since 2017.

24. Duration
2 years
COLLEGES
Gujarat Gujarat Institute Of Nursing Education & Research College Of Nursing Ginera, B/HBJ
Medical College Civil Hospital Campus Asarwa Dist. Ahmedabad, Gujarat(Government)
Sumandeep Nursing College At & Post 4 Piparia, Waghodia Road, Waghodia Vadodara Dist.
Vadodara, Gujarat(Private)

25. NURSE ANESTHETIST course
 one of the highest paying courses around the world.
Nurse Anesthetist course require several years of experience and schooling prior to becoming a
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA). CRNA course duration may vary from institute to
institute, which counts to 2-3 years
Who is a Nurse Anesthetist?
A nurse who administers anesthetics to patients, records every single movement or sensations and
provides post-surgical care is known as Nurse Anesthetist.
Eligibility:-
10+2 passed or equivalent examination with Physics, Chemistry & Biology
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Nursing
National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN)
Critical Care Registered Nurse (CCRN) Certification

26. Master's in Nurse Anesthesia
National Certificate Examination (NCE)
Apply for CRNA (Certified Registered NurseAnaesthetic) jobs & gain expertise
Colleges in india

27. FORENSIC NURSING
Professional nurses who provide special care to the victims of violence and abuse like sexual
assault, intimate partner violence, accidental injuries, and death are known as forensic nurses.
The specialty of forensic nursing is a comparatively new entity in India. It was first introduced
to a few select institutes and agencies in our country in the year 2003, and good response was
emanated from this prolog in New Delhi, Punjab, and some other places in India.
first forensic university established in India?Gandhinagar Forensic Sciences The Union Home
and Cooperation Minister, Shri Amit Shah addressed the First convocation of the National
Forensic Science University (NFSU) )(2020), in Gandhinagar today.
 Dr Sasthi Chowdhuri, father of forensic science in India. He retired as the director State
Forensic Laboratory in 1980.

28. FORENSIC NURSING
COLLEGES
Govt Holkar Science College, Indore
Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar University
Bundelkhand University, Jhanshi
Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur
Institute of Forensic Science, Mumbai
Government Institute of Forensic Science, Aurangabad
Makaut Haringhata, Kolkata, West Bengal
Yashwantrao Chavan Autonomous college,Sastra

29. TRAUMA NURSE
Certificate Course in Trauma Nurse offers a unique title in the field of healthcare i.e. Trauma
Nurse.
for skill building of a nurse on a planning treatment & care for critically ill patients ,those
requiring emergent treatment & care,follow up injured patients to provide need based care.
These nurses are specialized for the treatment of patients with head injuries and those
associated with any type of trauma .
Eligibility GNM
B sc Nursing
English competency - 40% Marks in 10 + 2
Basic computer knowledge -MS Office

30.  Duration- 4 MONTHS CERTIFICATE
THEORY:- 3 MONTHS
ON JOB TRAINING:- 1MONTHS
COLLEGES
Bareilly International University, Bareilly
SunRise University, Alwar
Harsha Group of Institutions,Bangalore
College of Nursing CMC, Vellore
KMCH College of Nursing, Coimbatore
MGM New Bombay College of Nursing, Navi Mumbai

31. SONO NURESE

32. NURSING INFORMATICS
 NI was one of the lesser known nursing specialties, even though it has been a recognized specialty
for over 30 years.
 The Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) defines NI as “a specialty
that integrates nursing science with multiple information management and analytical sciences to
identify, define, manage, and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing
practice.”1
What is an informatics nurse?
 Depending on where he or she works and the role he or she has, an informatics nurse could have
one of many titles.
 For example, an informatics nurse may be known as a nurse informaticist, a clinical informaticist, a
clinical systems analyst, an informatics nurse specialist (INS), or simply an informatics nurse.
 All of these titles refer to a nurse with knowledge and experience using technology and applying
this knowledge to all facets of nursing practice to improve nursing and patient care.

33. EMERGENCY NURSING
Emergency nursing is a speciality, involving nursing care for patients of all ages in the
emergency and/or critical phase of their illness or injury, focusing on the level of severity and
time-critical interventions (ENSSA, 2010) with or without advanced technology.
Top Diploma in Emergency and Disaster Nursing Colleges in India 2022
 AIIMS Rishikesh - All India Institute of Medical Sciences. ...
Bareilly International University, Bareilly
 SunRise University, Alwar
Shri Venkateshwara University, Amroha
 Harsha Group of Institutions, Bangalore
 College of Nursing CMC, Vellore.

34. Master of public health(MPH)
The University of Pittsburgh defines it as, "the science of protecting the safety and improving
the health of communities through education, policy-making, and research for disease and
injury prevention.“
Course Duration2 Years
EligibilityGraduation degree from a recognized university with a minimum of 50% of total
marks
Colleges
HIMSR New Delhi - Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research
DYPMC Pune - Dr DY Patil Medical College Hospital and Research
JIPMER Puducherry - Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research
AIIMS Rishikesh - All India Institute of Medical Sciences

35. ADMINISTRATIVE NURSING(DNA)
Duration:1 year (maximum durationis 3 years)
Eligibility Passed B.Sc. Nursing or Post Basic B.Sc. Nursing or Diploma GNM course. Candidate
must be registered RNRM with at least 2 years workex perience
Colleges
AIIPPHS University,Delhi
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Paramedical and Health Science, Agra, Uttar Pradesh
DS Institute of Paramedical Science and Nursing, Ghaziabad, Uttar Prades
Khatu Shyam Institute of Management and Technology Janak Puri, New Delhi,
St. Joseph's College for Women (Autonomous) Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh

36. ABOUT INDIA - SWEDEN HEALTHCARE CENTRE
 In the spirit of both the India-Sweden MOU in the field of healthcare and the India-Sweden Joint Declaration on
Innovation Partnership for a Sustainable Future,
 the India-Sweden Healthcare Innovation Centre initiative was launched to further deepen the collaboration in the
field of innovation and healthcare.
 This initiative is a tripartite collaboration between the Swedish Trade Commissioner’s Office, AIIMS Delhi and
AIIMS Jodhpur, with active participation from core partners like Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, ICMR
and AstraZeneca.

37. CONCLUSION
 Nursing education have expanded considerably post-independence.
 University education in nursing brought about changes in nursing education.
 The type of nurses required today is an "all round personality". Education aims at all round development of an
individual to become mature, self-sufficient, intellectually. culturally refined. Socially efficient and spiritually
advanced.

38. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Honda, U. and Gulani, K. K. (1995). Community Health Nursing". New Delhi, Ignon
Publications.
2. TNAI (2000). 'History and trends in Nursing in India', New Delhi.
3. Hebert M, Upshaw A, Rossie J. Usability of Microsoft Teams and Stream in Nursing
Education. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing. 2022 Apr 27:10-97.
4. https://manipal.edu/mcon-manipal/program-list/msc-nursing1.html
5. https://www.astron.international/trauma-nurse.php
6. https://www.topregisterednurse.com/forensic-nurse-eligibility-courses-procedure-salary-
and-career-outlook/
7. https://indiannursingcouncil.org/nursing-programs-guidelines

39. RELETED RESEARCH ARTICLE
Usability of Microsoft Teams and Stream in Nursing Education
M Hebert, A Upshaw, J Rossie - … : Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 2022 - journals.lww.com
Abstract
This manuscript presents a technology acceptance and usability evaluation of an online software platform utilized
for educating nursing students. Online nursing education is a complex and multifaceted process requiring nurse
educators to be competent in technical informatics. Increasingly, nurse educators are asked to transform the
traditional face-to-face classroom to include remote or hybrid experiences with little or no formal training. The
pandemic may have created an atmosphere of stress and confusion while forcing a transition to an online
learning environment. Recent trends in nursing education call for the increased use of technology that enhances
the learning experience and mimic clinical practice. As the pandemic's restrictions are removed, nursing
education will continue to require technological innovations. Variables measured during the study were usability
(System Usability Scale), perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use.
RESULTS:-The results of the study suggest participants perceived Microsoft Teams and Stream as useful and easy
to use. In this situation, the use of technology positively supported the teaching-learning process.