Stimulants

1. Central Nervous System
Stimulants
Living & Dying Harder & Faster
in the
Night of the Living Dead

2. CNS Stimulants
 Synthetics
- pharmaceuticals
- illicit mfg
 Organics
- cocaine
Sub-Categories of CNS Stimulants

3. Pharmaceutical Stimulants
Medical Uses
1. control of narcolepsy
2. control of hyperactivity in children
3. prevention of fatigue
4. treatment of mild depression
5. control of appetite

4. Medical Uses
6. prevention and treatment of surgical shock
7. treatment of Parkinson's disease
8. blood pressure maintenance during surgery
9. enhance the action of certain analgesic drugs
10. antagonize the effects of certain depressant drugs
Pharmaceutical Stimulants

5. Common Examples
 Methamphetamine (Desoxyn, Biphetamine)
– weight control
 Ritalin (methylphenidate)
– ADD
 Preludin (phenmetrazine)
– weight control
 Cylert (pemoline)
– ADD
Pharmaceutical Stimulants

6. Common Antagonist Examples
 Eskatrol
– stimulant & depressant combo
 Dexamyl
– stimulant & depressant combo
Pharmaceutical Stimulants

7.  Amphetamine Sulfate
 Methamphetamine (speed, crank)
Illicitly Manufactured
Stimulants
• P2P Methods (DL Meth)
• Ephedrine Methods (D Meth)

8. Ephedrine Methods
 Crystal Meth
– Ephedrine
– Red Phosphorus
– Hydriotic Acid
 Ice
Methamphetamine

9. Methamphetamine
Clan Lab Safety Considerations
 Do NOT
– turn anything on or off
– transport chemicals
– handle contaminated items

10. Clan Lab Safety Considerations
 DO
– call a supervisor
– call narcs
– fire dept. standing by, if needed
– call Haz Mat team
Methamphetamine

11.  Powder
– tan, brown, white, pink, ????
Methamphetamine

12.  Rock
– tan, brown, white, pink, ????
Methamphetamine

13.  Rock
– tan, brown, white, pink, ????
Methamphetamine

14.  Rock
– tan, brown, white, pink, ????
Methamphetamine

15. Methods of Ingestion
 Inhaled
 Injected
Methamphetamine

16. Methods of Ingestion
 Smoked
 Oral
Methamphetamine

17.  Liquid
– light amber, dark amber, black
Methamphetamine

18. Crystal Meth
 Ice
Methamphetamine

19. Organic Stimulants
 Caffeine
 Nicotine
 Adrenaline
 Cocaine

20. Cocaine
 Coca leaf
 Mountains of Bolivia, Peru, Colombia
 Chewing, Medical Use, Illicit Use
 semi-lengthy mfg process

21. Forms of Illicit Cocaine
1) Cocaine HCL (powder form)

22. Forms of Illicit Cocaine
1) Cocaine HCL (powder form)

23. Forms of Illicit Cocaine
1) Cocaine HCL (powder form)

24. Forms of Illicit Cocaine
1) Cocaine HCL (powder form)

25. Forms of Illicit Cocaine
1) Cocaine HCL (snorted, injected)

26. Forms of Illicit Cocaine
2) Base Cocaine
– Free Base
– Rock
– Crack

27. Forms of Illicit Cocaine
2) Base Cocaine
– Free Base
– Rock
– Crack

28. Forms of Illicit Cocaine
2) Base Cocaine (smoked)

29. CNS Stimulants
Possession for Sale
– quantity
 what does a user normally possess/use?
– paraphernalia
 scales ...
 cut ...
 packaging …
 pays & owes ...

30. CNS Stimulants
Signs & Symptoms
- aggressive
- euphoria meth sores
- inattention
- sweating
- paranoia

31. CNS Stimulants
Signs & Symptoms
Dopamine & Norepinephrine
- restlessness - anxiety - hyperactive
- bruxism - irritable - tremors
- misperceive time & distance

32. CNS Stimulants
Signs & Symptoms
- Cortisone
immune system, healing, stress
- Histamines
itching, allergy-like symptoms

33. CNS Stimulants
Signs & Symptoms
white tongue
if stimulant
smoked

34. CNS Stimulants
Evidence of Smoking
Cocaine
burnt/blistered
thumb/fingers, lips

35. CNS Stimulants
Evidence of Smoking
Cocaine
blackened gums

36. CNS Stimulants
Signs & Symptoms
(High Dose or Low Tolerance)
hallucinations extreme paranoia
coma convulsions
violence death

37. CNS Stimulants
Binging
meth psychosis
cocaine psychosis
Chemically induced 5150’s!
! BEWARE !

38. CNS Stimulants
 Addiction
 Chemical Dependency
 Tolerance
 Overdose

39. Onset of the Effects of Cocaine
(in seconds)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Injected Inhaled Smoked Oral
Minimum
Maximum

40. Duration of the Effects of
Cocaine
(in minutes)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Injected Inhaled Smoked Oral
Minimum
Maximum

41. Cocaine Toxicology
 Blood
– metabolite: 3-5 hours
 Urine
– metabolite: 36-48 hours

42. Onset of the Effects of Meth
(in seconds)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Injected Inhaled Smoked Oral
Minimum
Maximum

43. Duration of the Effects of
Methamphetamine
(in HOURS)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Injected
Inhaled
Smoked
Oral
Minimum
Maximum

44. Methamphetamine Toxicology
 Blood
– while they are under the influence
 Urine
– 36-48 hours

45. CNS Stimulants
Difference between …
Cocaine Methamphetamine
- anesthetic - not an anesthetic
- short duration - longer duration
- users convert - users try to mfg.

46. CNS Stimulant Evaluation
1) Preliminary Observations
- Medical Questions
- General Observations: hyper, sweaty,
dilated pupils, paranoia, …
2) Eye Exams HGN: No
VGN: No
LOC: No

47. CNS Stimulant Evaluation
3) Pulse UP!
4) Divided Attention Tests
Romberg: Fast
Heel to Toe: Fast/Impaired
One Leg Stand: Fast/Impaired
Finger to Nose: Fast/Impaired

48. CNS Stimulant Evaluation
5) Pupil Examination
 Room Light: Dilated (Mydriasis)
 Near Total Darkness: Dilated
 Indirect Light: Dilated
 Direct Light: Slow Reaction
- Hippus: No
- Rebound: Cocaine

49. CNS Stimulant Evaluation
6) Methods of Ingestion
Nasal Cavity: possible debris
Oral Cavity: possible debris
Injection Sites: possibly present
Burnt fingers: Cocaine
Burnt lips/tongue: Cocaine