This document discusses the history and development of nursing education in India from the post-independence period to the present. It outlines several committees that made recommendations to improve nursing education and establish standards. It also describes the various levels of nursing education programs that now exist in India, from auxiliary nurse midwife training to PhD programs, as well as continuing education opportunities. Career opportunities for nurses have expanded beyond hospital settings to include community health, education, research, and private sector roles.
Nursing Education is designed to guide students into high-level nursing education careers. Graduates of this type of program are nurse scholars who go on to find employment in academic institutions, research environments, and other education-based roles.
Nursing Education programs can include one or two practicum courses in nursing education and leadership. In a typical practicum, you might be expected to work with a nurse educator or administrator in an educational setting and help design, implement, and evaluate nursing education programs. Ed.D. practicums are built to accommodate working nurses.
Nursing Education is designed to guide students into high-level nursing education careers. Graduates of this type of program are nurse scholars who go on to find employment in academic institutions, research environments, and other education-based roles.
Nursing Education programs can include one or two practicum courses in nursing education and leadership. In a typical practicum, you might be expected to work with a nurse educator or administrator in an educational setting and help design, implement, and evaluate nursing education programs. Ed.D. practicums are built to accommodate working nurses.
Curriculum on Diploma in Midwifery and Obstetric NursingParag Majumder
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Continuing education & career opportunitiesKULDEEP VYAS
The process of learning that does not stop at any particular stage is known as continuing education. It includes all learning opportunities which would be taken up after full-time education has stopped. It is the continuation of the process of learning or studying which might have been stopped because of some economic personal ar professional compulsion of an individual.
Curriculum on Diploma in Midwifery and Obstetric NursingParag Majumder
This is a model of curriculum on Diploma in Midwifery and Obstetric Nursing made by the 4th year nursing students of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from Bangladesh. It's a part of the BSc Nursing course.
Continuing education & career opportunitiesKULDEEP VYAS
The process of learning that does not stop at any particular stage is known as continuing education. It includes all learning opportunities which would be taken up after full-time education has stopped. It is the continuation of the process of learning or studying which might have been stopped because of some economic personal ar professional compulsion of an individual.
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One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
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CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
2. RECOMMENDATIONS OF COMMITTEE
BHORE COMMITTEE:
Establishment of nursing colleges
Creation of an all Indian nursing council
SHEETY COMMITTEE:
Improvement in condition of training in nursing
Minimum requirements for admission
MUDHALIYAR COMMITTEE :
3 grades of nursing
Medium of instruction – ENGLISH
MUKHERJEE COMMITTEE (1966):
Training of nurses ANMS for family planning.
3. KARTAR SING COMMITTEE:
Multipurpose scheme
Setting up training division at the ministry of health
and family welfare
SAROJINI VARADAPPAN COMMITTEE:
Two levels of nursing personnel
Post basic B.Sc nursing degree
Master degree should be increased and
strengthened
Doctorate in nursing to be started in university
4. STATISTICS OF NURSES; (Source : Indian nursing
council 1986 )
Last 40 years have proceed B.Sc (N) and M . Sc
(Nursing) degree Nurses are 4271
General nurses are 2,00,000
ANM/FHW are 100,000
Studies reveal nurses dissatisfaction with staffing
because they are overloaded with work.
This is because lack of nursing personnel so there
is need or educational preparation of nurses
5. BASIC CRITERIA OR SELECTION IN NURSING
Candidates who wish to apply for nursing
courses should pass physics and chemistry
and biology as main subjects.
6. Trained Dais (Bith Attendant):
The dai training become full fledged during
post independence period.
No age limit
Duration 30 days
This training was done at subcentre and the
equipments provided by UNICEF.
(UNITED NATIONAL INTERNATIONAL CHILD
EDUCATIONAL FUND)
7. Cont…..
Way to healthy delivey
In Gujarat the dai association was
established to increase
Their visibility,capability and
To advocate for a more significant role in
public health progamme
8. ANM(AUXILLAY NURSE AND MIDWIVES)
In 1950,Indian nursing council made teaching
methods for standard of nurses
Course started at st marys hospital,Punjab,1951
Duration:2 years
In 1997 curriculam was revised to have one and
half years of vocationalized ANM Program
QUALIFICATION:7th to matriculation.
9. LADY HEALTH VISITOR COURSE
Training of LHVC continued post independence
The syllabus was prepared and developed by INC
In 1951
QUALIICATION:Higher seconday or matriculation.
DURATION:two and half years reduce to two
years.
Health visitors are mainly concerned with
helping to ensure that people’s domestic
10. Cont……
Behaviour is sanitary and hygiene and beneficial the
welfare of themselves and their families
particularly to their children.
GNM-GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIERY
In 1951,syllabus prescibedby INC
In 1954 public health was integrated into basic
nursing course,first revision of course was done in
1963
DURATION:3 years.
11. Cont….
As per INC the important decision was that should be
only two standard training of nursing and midwifey
So the general nursing and midwifery courses was
started.
POST CERTIICATE SHORT –TERM COURSES AND
DIPLOMA PROGRAM
1954 –Manzil medical health cetre lucknow gave
psychiatric nursing orientation.
12. 1951-one year course in public health was started at
college of nursing,delhi
DURATION- 4-6 WEEKS
1953-1954 Government of india felt urgent need for
psychiatric nursing,first courses started at all india
institute of mental health.
Psychiatric nursing certificate course
Cadiothoasic nursing
Critical care nursing
Neonatal nursing
13. Neuroscience in nursing
Midwifery tutor certificate course
Paediatric nursing certificate course
Opthalmic nursing ,orthopedic nursing
UNIVERSITY LEVEL PROGAMME
BASIC B.sc NURSING
STARTED just before independence
INC prescribed the syllabus which has been revised
three times
DURATION:4 years
14. QUALIFICATION:matriculation or higher secondary
education
POST BASIC B.Sc NURSING
DURATION :2 years
QUALIFICATION:Diploma in general and midwifes
First started at trivendrum in 1962
15. PG EDUCATION:M.Sc.NURSING
COURSE started at Raikumari amrit kaur college in
1959,delhi
QUALIICATION:B.Sc NURSING
DURATION:2 YEARS
M.PHIL IN NURSING:
1986,One and half years or full time courses started
at Rajkumari amrit kaur college of nursing
Two years programmes for parttime.
16. CONT…..
QUALIFICATION:M.Sc NURSING
Ph.D PROGRAM
It was started in india in 1990 at MV Shetty memorial
college,bangalore.
3 YEARS progam after M.Sc NURSING
2 YEARS program after M.phil in NURSING
17. NURSING EDUCATION IN ABROAD:
Developed countries such as
US
UK
CANADA
AUSTRALIA
Provide opportunities for nurses to continue
nursing education.
18. FINANCIAL AID:
TRAINED NURSES ASSOCIATION OF INDIA
UNICEF
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
ROCKFELLAR FOUNDATION.
SCHOLARSHIPS
19. CONTINUING EDUCATION
INTRODUCTION:
The national nursing counsil of state
boards monitor nursing licensure and
continuing nusing education
Vital component of nursing
education.
20. MEANING:
It is an extension opportunities for
reading,study and training to any person
and adult following their completion of
college programmes
It offered by an educational
institution,association,professional society
or organisation of providing continuing
education for administrators.
21. NEEDS FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION IN NURSING:
Phenomena of change
Altered professional roles
Effective and wise leadership and competent
practitioners
To fulfil needs of nurse practitioner.
22. FEATURES OF CONTINUING EDUCATION:
Unified approach.
Relationships with other systems.
Comprehensiveness
Accessibility for women health workers
Integration with the management process
Internally coordinated
Relevance in planning.
23. Cont….
Credibility and economic
Appropriates in implementation.
FUNCTIONS :
Meet the health needs and public expectation
Develop the practising ability o nurses
Recruitment function
Recognise gaps in their knowledge.
24. Cont….
Test ability to do final academic study
Ensure the quality of education
Maintain academic requirements
THE NURSE AND RESPOSIBILITY OF CONTINUING
EDUCATION:
With the scientific involvement, technologic
innovation, social changes and the emergence of new
patients of health care, traditional roles of nurses
are under close scrutiny some must inevitable give
way
25. Cont….
To new roles.
If the goal of providing the best possible health
care for all is to be achieved new solutions for
problems both old and new.
PHILOSOPHY OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN
NURSING.
Nurse’s philosophy of life, nursing and education
,belief etc., will influence the philosophy of
continuing education in nursing.
26. Cont…
Focuses on the individual learners.
Philosophy is based on values.
Learning must be a continuous process throughout
the life span, not limited to formal courses study.
PLANNING FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION:
A Successful continuing nursing education programme
is the result of careful and detailed planning
27. PLANNING PROCESS:
THE PLANNING FORMULA
What is to be done?
Why it is necessary?
How is it to be done?
Where is it to be done?
When is it to be done?
Who should do the job?
28. METHODS OF OBTAINING CONTINUING NURSING
EDUCATION
1.PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS.
Most professional nursing journals offer an article
for continuing education credit. some offer a
partial credit hour or one credit hours to readers
who fill out a post test after reading the article
and mail it in.
29. 2.SEMINARS:
Professional development progammes and
seminars that offer accredited continuing
education hours for nurses are frequently
offered at various location in every state.
3.ONLINE NURSING CONTINUING EDUCATION
UNITS:
Inexpensive
Up to date with changing trends
Can be taken from the comfort of ones own
home.
30. This courses are readily available,flexible,offer
online tracking and provide nurses with the broad
scope o subjects.
OTHER METHODS
Traditional type of class room lectures and
laboratories
videotaped/CD-ROM material and
Online interactive courses.
31. CNE COURSES IN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CRITICAL
CARE NURSING
Advanced practice
Cardiovascular
Emergency/trauma
Neurologic
Paediatrics/neonatal
Healing environment/psychosocial
telemetry.
32. CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
INTRODUCTION:
Part of the nursing profession with the basic
qualification,it is left to the choice of the
nurse to step up the ladder of nursing
profession
THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR A NURSE CAN BE SET
AS:
1.HOSPITAL SERVICE SYSTEM
33. Staff nurse-3 yrs (GNM)diploma/psychiatric
nursing/Certified recognized by INC
Senior staff nurse- GNM/B,sc nursing having
experiences not less than 5 yeas
Nursing superintendent grade II- Experiences as
senior staff nurse
Nursing superintendent grade I- Experiences as
grade II.
34. 2.NURSING SERVICES IN THE SCHOOL OF NURSING
NURSING TUTOR- B.sc nursing or M.sc nursing or
diploma in education and administration.
Clinical instructor- B.sc nursing or M.sc nursing
with or without experiences.
PRINCIPAL ,school of nursing- M.sc nursing or B.sc
nursing not less than 5 years experiences.
Public health nurse or community health nurse –
diploma in public health administration.
35. 3.NURSING SERVICES IN THE COLLEGE O
NURSING:
PRINCIPAL- M.sc nursing or doctorate degree or
Ph.D in nursing or other doctorate degree and
teaching experiences not less than 5 years.
LECTURER- M.SC, Nursing
SENIOR LECTURER – experience as junior lecturer
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- M.sc nursing or ph.D in
nursing with any speciality and teaching
experiences not less than 5 yeas.
36. Cont….
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR – B.Sc nursing or M.sc
nursing with or without experiences.
PROFESSOR- M.Sc nursing or ph.D in nursing with
any speciality and should have teaching
experiences in the college of nursing not less than
5 years.
4.IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING:
B.Sc nursing/GNM
37. Cont……
Health supervisor
Nurse midwifes(GNM or B.Sc nursing)
5.NURSING SERVICES IN INDUSTRY:
GNM or B,Sc nursing
6.IN PRIVATE SECTOR :B.Sc nursing/post basic
B.sc(N)
7.IN RED CROSS SOCIETY
8.MILITAY NURSING SERVICES:GNM/B.Sc
nursing/M.SC nursing.
38. Cont…
Were given the rank from lieutenant to brigadier
9.NURSING SERVICES IN ABROAD:
GNM/B.Sc nursing/M.Sc,nursing.
10.EXPERIENCES IN OTHER AREAS:
Critical care nurse
Dialysis nurse
Flight nurse
Geriatric nurse
39. Cont…
Health care educator
Hospice nurse
Home health nurse
Navy nurse
PROFESSIONAL ADVANCEMENT
INTODUCTION:
Patients needs have become more complicated,
40. Cont…
Nurse must be implement requisite competencies
in leadership
Health policy
Research
Evidence based practice
System and team wok and collaboration in order to
deliver high quality care.
41. Cont…
Another form of advancement in nursing profession
is by going the clinical route and becoming an
advanced practice registered nurse.
AIMS:
Provide scope in teaching
Provide an adequate ,sound scientific foundation,
intelligent nurses to understand the functioning of
body and mind in health and diseases.
42. ROLE OF NUSING EDUCATION:
Imparts scientific and up to date knowledge in
medical, social, behavioural and biological
sciences
To inculcate the appropriate nursing skills and
right attitude to the students
To prepare nurse as a good leader
To provide quality of care
To improve professional development
It helps the nurse to develop as a person of
43. Cont….
Of self awareness, self direction and self
motivation through curricular and extra curricular
activities.
It enables the nurse with cooperate with team
members
It enables the nurse to understand the functioning
of body and mind in health and disease.
44. Let us never consider ourselves as
finished
Nurses……..we must be learning all our
lives’’
- florence nightingale.
THANK YOU
