Development of Nursing Education in India Post Independence

1. DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING EDUCATION IN
INDIA: POST-INDPENDENCE
PRESENTED BY:
PROF.VIJAYREDDY VANDALI
• PHD SCHOLAR, M.SC(N).PGCDE,MIPHA,.
DEPT OF MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING
INDIA

2. INTRODUCTION
On 15th August 1947 India
became independent and self govermentation.
Social changes were taking place rapidly but an
alarming absence of public health and
sanitary measures continued. The ratio of nurse
to patient remained dangerously low. The opening
of nursing schools associated with
college gave nursing profession a higher social
and economic status, than it had previously
known. T he formation of many commission and
committees, establishment of INC and
tremendous work of TNAI brought about change
in nursing education post independence.

3. TRAINED NURSES ASSOCIATION OF
INDIA
• TNAI helps the initiation of university level education
in India. Recommendations of the Bhore committee
were implemented within year .
• Passing of the INC act
• Deputation of Indian nurses abroad for post basic
education
• The TNAI made significant achievements in the field
of nursing education. It creates awareness among
nurses through Nursing journal of India and
organizing continuing education
programmes. TNAI also offers scholarships to
deserving candidates to take up studies within the
country and abroad.

4. ESTABLISHMENT OF
INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL (INC)
• The INC was constituted to establish a uniform standard of
education for nurses, midwives, health visitors and
auxiliary nurse midwives. The INC act was passed
following an ordinance on December 31st 1947 . The
council was constituted in 1949.
• Main proposes of the council.
• To set standards and to regulate the nursing education of
all types in the country.
• To p prescribe and specify minimum requirement for
qualifying for a particular course in nursing.
• Advisory role in the state nursing council
• To collaborate e with state nursing councils, schools and
colleges of nursing and examination board.

5. STATE REGISTRATION COUNCIL.
FUNCTIONS:
• Inspect and accredit schools of nursing in their
state .
• Conduct the examinations
• Prescribe rules of conduct.
• Maintain registers of nurses, midwives,
ANM and health visitors in the state.
• The state registration council are
autonomous except they do not have power
to prescribe the syllabi for courses.

6. RECOMMENDATIONS OF VARIOUS COMMITTEES
PERTAINING TO NURSING EDUCATION.
• The recommendations given by committees and
commission provided guidelines for improvement
and growth of nursing education.
• 1. Health survey and development committee
( Bhore committee 1946)
• Establishment of nursing college.
• Creation of an all India nursing council.
• 2. Shetty committee 1954
• Improvement in conditions of training of nurses.
• Minimum requirement for admission to be in
accordance with regulation of the INC.

7. CONTD…
3. Health survey and planning
committee (Mudaliar committee 1959-61)
• Three grades of nurses viz. the basic nurses
(4yrs), auxillary nurse midwife (2yrs) and nurses
with a degree qualification.
• For GNM minimum entrance
qualification matriculation .
• For degree course passed higher secondary or pre
university.
• Medium of instruction preferably English in
General nursing.
• Degree course should be taught only in English.

8. CONTD…
4. Mukherjee committee, 1966.
• Training of nurses and ANM’S required for
family planning.
5. Kartar singh committee,1972-73
• Multipurpose health worker scheme
• Change in designation of ANM’s and LHV
• Setting up of training division at the ministry
of health and family welfare

9. CONTD…
7. Sarojini varadappan committee, 1990 (A high
power committee on nursing and nursing
profession.)
• Two levels of nursing personnel
• Post basic B.Sc nursing degree to continue
• Masters in nursing programme to be increased
and strengthened.
• Doctorate in nursing programme to be started in
selected university.
• Continuing education and staff development for
nurses.

10. CONTD…
8. Working group on nursing education and
manpower,1991.
• By 2020 the GNM programme to be phased
out
• Curriculum of BSc nursing to be modified
• Staffing norm should be as per INC
• There should be deliberate plan for preparation
of teachers MSc/Mphil and PhD degrees.
• Improvement in functioning of INC
• Importance of continuing education for nurses.

11. DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING
EDUCATIION.
• Basic General Nursing And Midwifery Education
• 1. Training of Dais(Birth Attendant )
• The Dai training continued past independence. The
goal was to train one Dai in each village and ultimate
goal was to train all the practicing Dais in country
• Duration of training was 30 days. No age limit was
prescribed, training include theory and practice, more
emphasis on field practice. This training was done at
sub centre and equipments provided by UNICEF.

12. 2. AUXILLARY NURSE MIDWIFE
• In 1950 Indian Nursing Council came out with some important
decisions relating to future patterns of nursing training in India.One of
the important decision was that there should be only two standard of
training nursing and midwifery, subsequently the curriculum for these
courses were prescribed.
• The first course was started at St. Marys Hospital Punjab,1951.The
entrance qualification was up to 7/8 years of schooling.The period of
training was 2 years witch include a 9 month of midwifery and 3
months of community experience.
• In 1977, as a result of the decision to prepare multipurpose health
worker& vocationalization of higher secondary education, curriculum
was revised a designed to have 1.5 year of vocational zed ANM
programme and six months of general education. The entrance
qualification was raised from 7th passed to matriculation passed.
• Under multipurpose scheme promotional avenue was opened to senior
ANMS for undergoing six months promotional training for which
course was prescribed by INC.

13. 3. LADY HEALTH VISITOR COURSE
• Training of LHV course continued post
independence. The syllabus prepared
and prescribed by INC in 1951.The entrance
qualification was matriculation. The duration
was two and a half years which subsequently
reduced to 2 years.

14. 4 . GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
COURSE
• GNM course existed since early years of century. In
1951,syllabus was prescribed by INC. In 1954 a
special provision was made for male nurse.In1954
public health was integrated into basic nursing course.
• First revision of course was done in 1963. In1964-65
Psychiatric nursing was included in curriculum. The
duration of course was reduced from 4 years to 3.5
years. Second revision was done in 1982. The duration
of the course reduced to 3 years. The Midwifery
training of one year duration was gradually reduced to
9 months and then six months, finally three year
integrated programme of GNM was prescribed in 1982.

15. 5.POST-BASIC/POST CERTIFICATE SHORT-TERM
COURSES AND DIPLOMA PROGRAMMES
• During 1948-50 four nurses were sent to the U.K.by Govt.
of India for mental health nursing diploma. During 1954
Manzil Medical Health centre, Lucknow gave psychiatric
nursing orientation course of 4 – 6weeks duration. In 1951 a
one year course in public health was started at college of
nursing Delhi. Govt. of India felt urgent need for psychiatric
nurses during 1953-54,this resulted in first organized course
at All India Institute of Mental Health.
• In 1962 diploma in pediatric nursing was established at
J.J.Group of Hospitals, Bombay. At present there are many
other courses of three months duration which are monitored
and recognized by INC. The ultimate aim of all the post-
basic/ post certificate programme is to improvement of
quality of patient care and promotion of health.

16. UNIVERSITY-LEVEL PROGRAMMES.
1.BASIC BSC NURSING
• First university programme started just before
independence in 1946 at university of Delhi and CMC
Vellore. In 1949, on recommendation of university
education committee and education commission(1964-
66) and conference & workshop held by TNAI, The
WHO and UGC, some more colleges came up in
different state affiliated to different state university.
• INC prescribes the syllabus which has been revised
three times, the last revision was done in 1981.It was
done on basis of the 10+3+2 system of general
education. At present the B.Sc Nursing programme
which is recommended by the INC is of four years and
have foundations for future study and specialization in
nursing.

17. 2. Post Basic B.Sc Nursing
• The need for higher training for certificate nurses was
stressed by the Mudaliar Committee in1962. Two
years post basic certificate B.Sc(N) programme was
started in December 1962.for nurses with diploma in
general and midwifery with minimum of 2 years
experience. First started by university of Trivandrum.
At present there are many colleges in India offering Pc
B.Sc(N) Course.
3. Post Basic Nursing by Distance Education Mode.
• In1985 Indira Gandhi National open university was
established. In1992 Post Basic B.Sc Nursing
programme was launched, which is three years duration
course is recognized by INC.

18. 4. Post- Graduate Education-M.Sc Nursing
• First two years course in masters of nursing was started
at RAK College of Nursing in 1959.and in 1969 in
CMC Vellore. At present there are many colleges
imparting M.Sc Nursing degree course in different
specialties.
5. M.Phil
• INC felt need for M.Phil programme as early on
1977,for this purpose committee was appointed. In
1986 one year full time and two years part time
programme was started in RAK College of nursing
Delhi.

19. 6. PhD in Nursing
• Indian nurses were sent abroad for Ph. D
programme earlier. From1992 Ph D in
nursing is also available in India. MAHI is
one of the university having PhD programme.

20. CURRENT EDUCATIONAL PATTERNS IN
NURSING
1.Non University Programme
• Basic – ANM-GNM
• Advance-Post-Certificate diploma
2. University Programme
• Basic- B.Sc(N)
• Post-Basic B.Sc(Regular)
• Post-Basic B.Sc(N).IGNOU
• Advance: M.Sc (Nursing)
• M. Phil
• Ph.D.

21. Conclusion
• Nursing education have expanded considerably
post independence. University education in
nursing brought about changes in nursing
education. The type of nurses required today is an
“all round personality”. Education brings changes
in behavior of the individual in a desirable
manner. It aims at all round development of an
individual to become mature, self-sufficient,
intellectually, culturally refined. socially efficient
and spiritually advanced.

22. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Wilkinson, A. (1965). ‘History of Nursing in India and
Pakistan’. New Delhi, TNAI.
• Annamma, K.V. (189). ‘A New Text book for Nurses in
India’. Madras, B. I. Publications.
• Honda, U. and Gulani, K. K. (1995). ‘Community
Health Nursing’, New Delhi, Ignon Publications.
• Sandaranarayanan, B. and Sindhu, B. (2003), ‘Learning
and Teaching Nursing’, Calicut, Brainfill.
• Neeraja K. P. (2003), ‘Text Book of Nursing
Education’, New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers.
• TNAI (2000). ‘History and trends in Nursing in India’,
New Delhi.

23. THANK YOU