The document discusses gamification, which is using game mechanics like rewards, points, and leaderboards in non-game applications to motivate behaviors. It notes that 72% of people ages 6-44 play video games for an average of 18 hours per week. Gamification works by satisfying fundamental human desires for recognition, status, and achievement. It overcomes obstacles to behavior by providing immediate feedback and tapping into desires for power, status, and achievement. Common gamification features discussed include point systems, badges, leaderboards, and progress indicators.