This chapter discusses physical, cognitive, and language development in early childhood. It covers topics like physical growth differences between boys and girls, brain development including lateralization and gender differences, motor skill development, handedness, nutrition, childhood injuries, Piaget's stages of cognitive development, Vygotsky's theories on social learning and scaffolding, the development of theory of mind, the benefits of early childhood education and TV programs like Sesame Street, and the effects of television viewing on children.