Functional Coatings on Steel in the Built Environment -Current and Future Technologies

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Functional coatings can provide many benefits when applied to steel structures including energy efficiency, healthcare and safety functions. Intumescent coatings provide fire protection and anti-microbial coatings improve health. Solar cells and heaters can be fabricated on low-cost rough steel surfaces using insulating coatings like SU8 and SiOx to provide functions like electricity generation and solar heating. Characterization of steel coated with insulating layers shows improved properties for solar applications like reduced roughness and electrical insulation. Future trends in functional coatings include more sustainable and environmentally friendly water-based technologies, as well as coatings with self-healing and sensing abilities.

Science

Functional Coatings on Steel in the Built Environment
-Current and Future Technologies
Dr Sanjay Ghosh
Research Officer
Sanjayghosh.uk@gmail.com
Bangor University

Functional coating is all about material that do things
Application of Functional Coating on Steel
Energy efficiency
1. Photovoltaic electricity generation
2. Solar heating
3. Electroluminescent display
Healthcare and safety
1. Intumescent coating for fire protection
2. Anti-microbial coating for health
Key area :
Intumescent Coating on Exposed Structural Steelwork
Festival Place, Basingstoke and City Point, London (Leigh’s Paints)1. Corrosion resistance paint
Weather Protection

Solar Cell Fabrication on Low Cost Rough Steel Surface
0.3mm
400nm
200nm
2.5-3mm
400nm
500nm
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) Amorphous silicon solar cell (a-Si:H)
Functional coating: SU8 compatible for OPV,
Sol-gel, SiOx compatible for a-Si:H & OPV
PCE = 3%
PCE = 6%
Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cell 2016, 157, 305 Sol. Energy 2016, 124, 216

Characterisation of Steel + Functional coating (IL) for PV
Leakage current
 For solar applications : Ra~0.03μm, Rz~0.3μm
Steel (Roughness high) Steel +IL (Roughness low)
Functional coating
Steel +
IL
Electrical
insulation
Diffusion
barrier
Mechanical &
Thermal
stability
Surface
leveling
Pencil method
4

Sol-gel (SiOx) Formulation and Development
SiOx mix = Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) + Methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) + Polyethylene Glycole (PEG) + HNO3 + H2O
 SiOx coating is compatible with both vacuum and non vacuum deposition method
Spray coat, bar coat, PVD deposition
Temperature of curing = 100 -300 oC for PV application

SU8 (IL) Formulation and Development
Gamma Butyrolactone) 22-60%
Mixed Triarylsulfonium/ Hexafluoroantimonate Salt 1-2%
Propylene Carbonate
Epoxy Resin (Formaldehyde, polymer with 2-
(chloromethyl)oxirane and 4,4'-
(1-methylethylidene)bis[phenol])
35-75%
Volume
1-5%
Substrate (steel)
cleaning
coat (K-bar)
Soft bake,
125 -150 oC,
10 min
Develop, 15 min
Hard bake,
230-250 oC,
15 min
SU8 Mix
Processing steps
 Surface coverage = 70 g/m2, 60 um thickness film, Bar coat

Economic Viability of Low Carbon Steel + IL as substrate for PV
 Cost Steel + ILs should be below 0.175 €/Wp for PV
Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 2011, 41, 297Sol. Energy 2016, 124, 216

Solar Heater
Ren. Sus. Energy Rev. 2016, 58, 574
Evacuated-tube Solar Collector (Riomay)
Evacuated-tube Solar Collector (Espionoza Energy)
Fe2O3/Stainless Steel at Different temperature

High Temperature Solar Absorber on Steel
Author Coat Technique Absorptance
α
Emittance
ε
Remarks
Ambriosini et al.
2010
FeCo2O4
NiCo2O4
Spin coat 0.88
0.82
0.59
0.46
Thermal stability above 600 oC
Liu et al.
2012
NbTiON/SiON Magnetron
sputtering
0.95 0.07 Thermal stability above 500 oC
Valleti et al.
2014
TiAlCrN/TiAlN/AlSiN Cathodic arc
PVD
0.91 0.07 Degrade at high temperature
Cespedes et al.
2014
Mo-Si3N4 Magnetron
sputtering
0.93 0.02 Potential to be used for CSP
Liu et al.
2014
Cr-Al-O Cathodic arc
ion plating
0.92 0.21 Suitable for collector at higher
temperature
Liu et al.
2017
TiC-WC
TiC-WC/Al2O3
Magnetron
sputtering
0.78
0.92
0.11
0.11
Stable up to 500 oC
Wu et al.
2017
Fe2O3 Thermal
oxidation
0.91 0.18 Stable up to 900 oC

Future Trend of Functional Coatings
Example: Acronal® Pro 7600 - latest innovation for corrosion protection
for industrial metal coatings presented at the European Coatings Show
this month.
 Conventional to sustainable technology-water based environmental friendly
 With VOC regulations at 50 g/L and below,
 Self healing, self cleaning properties, sensing abilities, etc.
April 2017, Germany
Chem. Mater., 2010, 22 , 4406
Anti-corrosion paint (BASF)

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The document summarizes a study on the effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on the corrosion resistance of electroless nickel-zinc-phosphorus (Ni-Zn-P) alloy coating on carbon steel. Key findings include: 1) Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed the Ni-Zn-P coating had a nano-crystalline structure containing zinc, while carbon steel was smooth. 2) Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy found that in artificial seawater, P. aeruginosa reduced carbon steel's corrosion resistance but increased the Ni-Zn-P alloy's resistance. 3) After 28 days exposure to P. aeruginosa culture, carbon steel showed biofilm and corrosion product

13 Cathodic Protection

Worley parsons

The document discusses cathodic protection and corrosion prevention methods for metal structures. It provides information on types of cathodic protection systems including sacrificial anode and impressed current systems. Key details covered include common materials used for anodes, factors that influence current density requirements, and considerations for protecting different types of structures like ships, pipelines and tanks.

Design Study on Nuclear Transportation Cask

Zhi

The document describes a proposed design for a spent nuclear fuel transport cask to transfer used fuel assemblies from the Sizewell B nuclear power plant in England to a reprocessing facility. The cask uses multiple layers of shielding materials like depleted uranium concrete and steel alloys to safely contain radiation and prevent leakage. It is designed to withstand drops from heights of up to 9 meters based on finite element analysis testing. The cask would allow for the safe transportation of 50 fuel assemblies per year via a 1.4 mile road journey followed by rail to meet regulatory weight and size limits for transport.

Development of mechanically durable ecologic and corrosion resistant non-chro...

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This work provides an insight into the development of environmentally friendly alternatives to chromium-based coatings for the protection of aluminum against corrosion. Sodium silicate, zirconium silicate, and zirconium-stearate thin films were fabricated on AA6061 aluminum alloy substrates. On the other hand, sodium silicate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, and ammonium metavanadate were studied as corrosion inhibitors for AA6061 aluminum alloy.

Corrosion Sl Part One

Steve1954

Corrosion science training aims to help participants recognize corrosion issues, avoid business impacts, and select appropriate materials. The training covers corrosion chemistry, forms of corrosion, and engineering considerations. It discusses how parameters like chemical composition, surface condition, temperature, and pH affect corrosion. Passivation creates a protective chromium oxide layer on stainless steel.

$Refractory in steel ladle application$ $Refractory in steel ladle application$

Refractory in steel ladle application

sat9583

The document discusses refractories used in steel ladle linings. It describes the key functions of steel ladles in transferring molten steel. Different zones in ladle linings require different refractory materials due to varying temperatures and conditions. Magnesia, dolomite, zircon, carbon and spinel refractories are highlighted as important materials used in slag lines, sidewalls, and bottoms of ladles. Magnesia carbon bricks are well-suited for slag zones due to their thermal properties and corrosion resistance. Monolithic castables based on alumina spinel composites are used in ladle bottoms for their strength, thermal shock resistance and corrosion performance.

Coating and Deposition

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Jmv presentation solar

Mahesh Chandra Manav

The document discusses best practices for electrical equipment installation and safety products for solar power projects. It covers types of renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and water. India's goal of installing 230GW of solar power by 2030 and changes in solar installation methods are mentioned. The presentation emphasizes maintenance-free earthing using copper-bonded rods, exothermic welding for joints, and surge protection devices. It also summarizes various government schemes for rural electrification like DDUGJY and urban infrastructure upgrade under IPDS. JMV's expertise in earthing products, fail-proof joints, lightning protection, and surge protection equipment is highlighted.

Design and Fabrication of a Stir Casting Furnace Set-Up

IJERA Editor

Now-a-days a large variety of heating techniques/furnaces are available. There may be many method for supplying heat to the work but heat is produced either by combustion of fuel or electric resistance heating. Taking into consideration the effect of cost, safety, simplicity and ease of construction we are going for an electrical resistance heating furnace with indirect heating provisions. The stir casting furnace has two main parts that enable to perform all its operations, they are: Furnace Elements and Control Panel. This paper shows the design and fabrication of stir-casting furnace and aluminium melted and casted to form.

International Journal of Engineering Research and Development

IJERD Editor

The document studies the corrosion process of a Ni-Cr-Mo alloy used in dental prostheses. Electrochemical tests were conducted on samples of the alloy in NaCl solution, and the surface was analyzed at different points on the polarization curve. The results showed the alloy initially forms a protective oxide layer but undergoes transpassivation and intergranular corrosion at higher potentials, with preferential dissolution of regions lower in molybdenum.

Study the corrosion inhibition of urea fertilizer

IAEME Publication

Combination of urea-Sn+2 in SCP solution was examined as a corrosion inhibitor for concrete reinforced steel by potentiodynamicpolarization, surface synergist parameter and cyclic voltammetry methods comparing with urea–Zn+2 combination. A synergism parameter (SI) indicated a synergistic effect between urea and Sn+2was exist. Polarization study revealed that formulation consisting of 300 ppm urea+50 ppm Sn+2 in SCP solution provided inhibition efficiency (IF) of 85.93% while 300 ppm urea +50 ppm Zn+2 provided 82.3% IF, and this combination acts as anodic type inhibitor. Cyclic voltammetry curves showed that the steel samples immersed in this formulation has low tendency to pitting corrosion. From these results it can be concluded that urea – Sn+2 inhibitor formulation is a good corrosion n inhibitor for concrete reinforced steel, it can maintain stable passive film on steel surface even in the presence of aggressive chloride ions so it can be used instead of the high toxicityZn+2 inhibitor to improve the corrosion inhibition of urea fertilizer inhibitor.

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Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...

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We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS + 53.13485 − 27.82088 with a host spectroscopic redshift of 2.903 ± 0.007 . The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red ( � ⁢ ( � − � ) ∼ 0.9 ) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity ( 19 , 000 ± 2 , 000 km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low- � Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low- � cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement ( ≲ 1 ⁢ � ) with Λ CDM. Therefore unlike low- � Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high- � truly diverge from their low- � counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.

The cost of acquiring information by natural selection

Carl Bergstrom

This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome. It's based on the first part of this research paper: The cost of information acquisition by natural selection Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577

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Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe

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Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.

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Neutralizing antibodies, pivotal in immune defense, specifically bind and inhibit viral pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in protecting against and mitigating infectious diseases. In this slide, we will introduce what antibodies and neutralizing antibodies are, the production and regulation of neutralizing antibodies, their mechanisms of action, classification and applications, as well as the challenges they face.

一比一原版美国佩斯大学毕业证如何办理

gyhwyo

原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国佩斯大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 【主营项目】一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费) 三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度) 如果您处于以下几种情况： ◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】 ◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到； ◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备； ◇回国时间很长，忘记办理； ◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看； ◇企事业单位必须要求办理的 ◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口 ◇申请留学生创业基金留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。校名:学校英文全称授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。综上所述，办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。

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BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx

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Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.

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快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样

hozt8xgk

学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 【主营项目】一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费) 三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度) 如果您处于以下几种情况： ◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】 ◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到； ◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备； ◇回国时间很长，忘记办理； ◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看； ◇企事业单位必须要求办理的 ◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口 ◇申请留学生创业基金留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才

Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...

Sérgio Sacani

Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation

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Functional Coatings on Steel in the Built Environment -Current and Future Technologies

1. Functional Coatings on Steel in the Built Environment -Current and Future Technologies Dr Sanjay Ghosh Research Officer Sanjayghosh.uk@gmail.com Bangor University

2. Functional coating is all about material that do things Application of Functional Coating on Steel Energy efficiency 1. Photovoltaic electricity generation 2. Solar heating 3. Electroluminescent display Healthcare and safety 1. Intumescent coating for fire protection 2. Anti-microbial coating for health Key area : Intumescent Coating on Exposed Structural Steelwork Festival Place, Basingstoke and City Point, London (Leigh’s Paints)1. Corrosion resistance paint Weather Protection

3. Solar Cell Fabrication on Low Cost Rough Steel Surface 0.3mm 400nm 200nm 2.5-3mm 400nm 500nm Organic photovoltaic (OPV) Amorphous silicon solar cell (a-Si:H) Functional coating: SU8 compatible for OPV, Sol-gel, SiOx compatible for a-Si:H & OPV PCE = 3% PCE = 6% Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cell 2016, 157, 305 Sol. Energy 2016, 124, 216

4. Characterisation of Steel + Functional coating (IL) for PV Leakage current  For solar applications : Ra~0.03μm, Rz~0.3μm Steel (Roughness high) Steel +IL (Roughness low) Functional coating Steel + IL Electrical insulation Diffusion barrier Mechanical & Thermal stability Surface leveling Pencil method 4

5. Sol-gel (SiOx) Formulation and Development SiOx mix = Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) + Methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) + Polyethylene Glycole (PEG) + HNO3 + H2O  SiOx coating is compatible with both vacuum and non vacuum deposition method Spray coat, bar coat, PVD deposition Temperature of curing = 100 -300 oC for PV application

6. SU8 (IL) Formulation and Development Gamma Butyrolactone) 22-60% Mixed Triarylsulfonium/ Hexafluoroantimonate Salt 1-2% Propylene Carbonate Epoxy Resin (Formaldehyde, polymer with 2- (chloromethyl)oxirane and 4,4'- (1-methylethylidene)bis[phenol]) 35-75% Volume 1-5% Substrate (steel) cleaning coat (K-bar) Soft bake, 125 -150 oC, 10 min Develop, 15 min Hard bake, 230-250 oC, 15 min SU8 Mix Processing steps  Surface coverage = 70 g/m2, 60 um thickness film, Bar coat

7. Economic Viability of Low Carbon Steel + IL as substrate for PV  Cost Steel + ILs should be below 0.175 €/Wp for PV Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 2011, 41, 297Sol. Energy 2016, 124, 216

8. Solar Heater Ren. Sus. Energy Rev. 2016, 58, 574 Evacuated-tube Solar Collector (Riomay) Evacuated-tube Solar Collector (Espionoza Energy) Fe2O3/Stainless Steel at Different temperature

9. High Temperature Solar Absorber on Steel Author Coat Technique Absorptance α Emittance ε Remarks Ambriosini et al. 2010 FeCo2O4 NiCo2O4 Spin coat 0.88 0.82 0.59 0.46 Thermal stability above 600 oC Liu et al. 2012 NbTiON/SiON Magnetron sputtering 0.95 0.07 Thermal stability above 500 oC Valleti et al. 2014 TiAlCrN/TiAlN/AlSiN Cathodic arc PVD 0.91 0.07 Degrade at high temperature Cespedes et al. 2014 Mo-Si3N4 Magnetron sputtering 0.93 0.02 Potential to be used for CSP Liu et al. 2014 Cr-Al-O Cathodic arc ion plating 0.92 0.21 Suitable for collector at higher temperature Liu et al. 2017 TiC-WC TiC-WC/Al2O3 Magnetron sputtering 0.78 0.92 0.11 0.11 Stable up to 500 oC Wu et al. 2017 Fe2O3 Thermal oxidation 0.91 0.18 Stable up to 900 oC

10. Future Trend of Functional Coatings Example: Acronal® Pro 7600 - latest innovation for corrosion protection for industrial metal coatings presented at the European Coatings Show this month.  Conventional to sustainable technology-water based environmental friendly  With VOC regulations at 50 g/L and below,  Self healing, self cleaning properties, sensing abilities, etc. April 2017, Germany Chem. Mater., 2010, 22 , 4406 Anti-corrosion paint (BASF)

11. Thank you

Editor's Notes

Talk about the intermediate coating as functional material. Its characterisation and development And test strategy Dielectric property, insulation , robustness, and stability
The cost for ‘rough’ substrate can be 30-40% reduced as compared to high roughness grade. For solar applications the surface roughness of substrates should be generally very low: Ra~0.03μm, Rt~0.3μm Al (100 nm) deposited by thermal evaporation using Edward thermal evaporator. Talk about the intermediate coating as functional material. Its characterisation and development And test strategy Dielectric property, insulation , robustness, and stability
Talk about the intermediate coating as functional material. Its characterisation and development And test strategy Dielectric property, insulation , robustness, and stability
Talk about the intermediate coating as functional material. Its characterisation and development And test strategy Dielectric property, insulation , robustness, and stability
10% efficiency module
Talk about the intermediate coating as functional material. Its characterisation and development And test strategy Dielectric property, insulation , robustness, and stability
Talk about the intermediate coating as functional material. Its characterisation and development And test strategy Dielectric property, insulation , robustness, and stability
With VOC regulations at 50 g/L and below, formulators are looking for ways to achieve this goal while maintaining performance properties Self healing, self cleaning properties, sensing abilities, etc., will require new material chemistries and processes that will require extensive vetting of performance and durability through comprehensive testing Talk about the intermediate coating as functional material. Its characterisation and development And test strategy Dielectric property, insulation , robustness, and stability
Talk about the intermediate coating as functional material. Its characterisation and development And test strategy Dielectric property, insulation , robustness, and stability

Functional Coatings on Steel in the Built Environment -Current and Future Technologies

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Editor's Notes