This work provides an insight into the development of environmentally friendly alternatives to chromium-based coatings for the protection of aluminum against corrosion. Sodium silicate, zirconium silicate, and zirconium-stearate thin films were fabricated on AA6061 aluminum alloy substrates. On the other hand, sodium silicate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, and ammonium metavanadate were studied as corrosion inhibitors for AA6061 aluminum alloy.
Video lecture is available on YouTube on the link:https://youtu.be/xrBnxxN-RUw
For UG students of All Engineering Branches, Chemistry, Food Science, Polymer Science, Chemical Engg. etc.
Video lecture is available on YouTube on the link:https://youtu.be/xrBnxxN-RUw
For UG students of All Engineering Branches, Chemistry, Food Science, Polymer Science, Chemical Engg. etc.
An introductory presentation on corrosion and its prevention. Importance of corrosion, cost of corrosion, various forms of corrosion, and preventive methods are given.
Baja terdiri dari unsur-unsur paduan yang memerikan sifat-sifat yang berbeda dari setiap unsurnya. Berikut daftar dari unsur-unsur pembentuk baja beserta fungsi-fungsinya.
A presentation covering the various methods of prevention of corrosion. Material selection, design of structures, alteration of materials, alteration of environment, cathodic & anodic protection, and coatings are the different methods used. These are briefly described.
Corrosion is a natural process, which converts a refined metal to a more chemically-stable form, such as its oxide, hydroxide, or sulfide. It is the gradual destruction of materials (usually metals) by chemical and/or electrochemical reaction with their environment. Corrosion engineering is the field dedicated to controlling and stopping corrosion.
Organic Chemistry Name Reaction with mechanisms 140TusharRanjanNath
140 name reactions in brief. Its mechanisms and advantages and disadvantages. All structures were made by individuals without pasting from other sources.
ORGANIC COATINGS FOR CORROSION PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMERS IN UNDERGROUND CHAM...Adriana de Araujo
Underground electrical transformers are frequently submitted to a very aggressive environment because of the stagnated water of underground chambers which is heated and contaminated. In Brazil, carbon steel structures of underground transformers are usually protected with coal tar epoxy paints in order to ensure their reliability. However, the use of this type of paints is being strongly restricted because coal tar contains complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which contain many toxic and potentially carcinogenic substances. Aiming at replacing coal tar based paints by an environmentally friendly one; several paints were selected in the local market and submitted to performance tests in order to compare them with coal tar based paint. In addition, anodes were evaluated to study the application of galvanic cathodic protection in areas of metal exposure due to coating flaws. This paper presents and discusses the obtained results.
Os transformadores elétricos subterrâneos estão frequentemente expostos à corrosão intensa decorrente da estagnação de água aquecida e contaminada das câmaras subterrâneas. No Brasil, as estruturas de aço-carbono do transformador subterrâneo são usualmente protegidas com pintura de epóxi alcatrão de hulha que contém substâncias tóxicas e potencialmente cancerígenas. Com o objetivo de substituir as tintas à base de alcatrão de hulha por tintas ecologicamente corretas, tintas disponíveis no mercado nacional foram selecionadas e submetidas a ensaios de desempenho para a sua comparação com a tinta de alcatrão de hulha. Além disso, anodos foram avaliados para o estudo da aplicação de proteção catódica galvânica do metal exposto em áreas de falhas do revestimento. Este artigo apresenta e discute os resultados obtidos.
ARAUJO, A.; PANOSSIAN, Z; ALMEIDA, N.L; MARTINS, M.C.; JUNIOR, S.D.A. Organic coatings for corrosion protection of transformers in underground chambers. In: NACE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXPO, 2012, Salt Lake City, Proceedings... Salt Lake City: NACE 2012.
Comparison of corrosion behaviour of commercial aluminium engine block and pi...msejjournal
The corrosion behavior of commercial aluminium alloy engine block and piston was investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution. The study was done by conventional gravimetric measurements and complemented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray analyzer (EDX) investigations. The results obtained indicate that the alloys suffers a process of corrosion localized to the area surrounding the precipitates of the Al (Si, Mg) and Al-Mg, which resulted in hemispherical pits. No evidence was found of the formation of crystallographic pitting for exposure times up to 54 days. Gravimetric analysis confirmed that with varying exposure periods the weight loss of the alloys increases and the normal corrosion rate profile of an initial steep rise followed by subsequent fall were observed for both alloys. The rate of corrosion of piston was found to be lower than that of engine block due to presence of Ni and lower percentages of Fe in aluminium piston alloy.
An introductory presentation on corrosion and its prevention. Importance of corrosion, cost of corrosion, various forms of corrosion, and preventive methods are given.
Baja terdiri dari unsur-unsur paduan yang memerikan sifat-sifat yang berbeda dari setiap unsurnya. Berikut daftar dari unsur-unsur pembentuk baja beserta fungsi-fungsinya.
A presentation covering the various methods of prevention of corrosion. Material selection, design of structures, alteration of materials, alteration of environment, cathodic & anodic protection, and coatings are the different methods used. These are briefly described.
Corrosion is a natural process, which converts a refined metal to a more chemically-stable form, such as its oxide, hydroxide, or sulfide. It is the gradual destruction of materials (usually metals) by chemical and/or electrochemical reaction with their environment. Corrosion engineering is the field dedicated to controlling and stopping corrosion.
Organic Chemistry Name Reaction with mechanisms 140TusharRanjanNath
140 name reactions in brief. Its mechanisms and advantages and disadvantages. All structures were made by individuals without pasting from other sources.
ORGANIC COATINGS FOR CORROSION PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMERS IN UNDERGROUND CHAM...Adriana de Araujo
Underground electrical transformers are frequently submitted to a very aggressive environment because of the stagnated water of underground chambers which is heated and contaminated. In Brazil, carbon steel structures of underground transformers are usually protected with coal tar epoxy paints in order to ensure their reliability. However, the use of this type of paints is being strongly restricted because coal tar contains complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which contain many toxic and potentially carcinogenic substances. Aiming at replacing coal tar based paints by an environmentally friendly one; several paints were selected in the local market and submitted to performance tests in order to compare them with coal tar based paint. In addition, anodes were evaluated to study the application of galvanic cathodic protection in areas of metal exposure due to coating flaws. This paper presents and discusses the obtained results.
Os transformadores elétricos subterrâneos estão frequentemente expostos à corrosão intensa decorrente da estagnação de água aquecida e contaminada das câmaras subterrâneas. No Brasil, as estruturas de aço-carbono do transformador subterrâneo são usualmente protegidas com pintura de epóxi alcatrão de hulha que contém substâncias tóxicas e potencialmente cancerígenas. Com o objetivo de substituir as tintas à base de alcatrão de hulha por tintas ecologicamente corretas, tintas disponíveis no mercado nacional foram selecionadas e submetidas a ensaios de desempenho para a sua comparação com a tinta de alcatrão de hulha. Além disso, anodos foram avaliados para o estudo da aplicação de proteção catódica galvânica do metal exposto em áreas de falhas do revestimento. Este artigo apresenta e discute os resultados obtidos.
ARAUJO, A.; PANOSSIAN, Z; ALMEIDA, N.L; MARTINS, M.C.; JUNIOR, S.D.A. Organic coatings for corrosion protection of transformers in underground chambers. In: NACE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXPO, 2012, Salt Lake City, Proceedings... Salt Lake City: NACE 2012.
Comparison of corrosion behaviour of commercial aluminium engine block and pi...msejjournal
The corrosion behavior of commercial aluminium alloy engine block and piston was investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution. The study was done by conventional gravimetric measurements and complemented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray analyzer (EDX) investigations. The results obtained indicate that the alloys suffers a process of corrosion localized to the area surrounding the precipitates of the Al (Si, Mg) and Al-Mg, which resulted in hemispherical pits. No evidence was found of the formation of crystallographic pitting for exposure times up to 54 days. Gravimetric analysis confirmed that with varying exposure periods the weight loss of the alloys increases and the normal corrosion rate profile of an initial steep rise followed by subsequent fall were observed for both alloys. The rate of corrosion of piston was found to be lower than that of engine block due to presence of Ni and lower percentages of Fe in aluminium piston alloy.
Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in Chloride and Sulfate SolutionsIJERA Editor
Corrosion is a major problem in industry and in infrastructure; a huge sum of expenditure every year is spent on
preventing, retarding, and repairing its damages. This work studies the engineering of an inhibitor for carbon
steel metal used in the cooling systems containing high concentration of chloride and sulfate ions. For this
purpose, the synergy between the dichromate, molybdate and nitrite inhibitors is examined and optimized to the
best results. Moreover, care was taken that the proposed inhibitor is compliant with the environmental laws and
regulations.
Inhibition of Sulphuric Acid Corrosion of Mild Steel by Surfactant and Its Ad...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The corrosion inhibition effect of surfactant, N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-Phenoxyethyl)dodecan-1- aminiumbromide(DPDAB) on mild steel corrosion in 0.5M Sulphuric acid was investigated by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic techniques. DPDAB is an excellent inhibitor and its inhibition efficiency increases with increase in concentration and maximum inhibition efficiency was observed above the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The polarization curves reveal that DPDAB acts as mixed type inhibitor with predominantly of anodic type. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of DPDAB increases with increase in concentration and decreases with increase in temperature from 298K to 308K and then increases and shows maxima at 318K and then decreases at 328K.. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the mild steel in 0.5M H2SO4 was found to obey Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) confirmed the existence of an adsorbed protective film on the metal surface. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed.
Corrosion Behaviour of 6061 Al-SiC Composites in KOH MediumEditor IJCATR
The present research work deals with the corrosion behaviour of 6061 Al-15% (vol) SiC(P) composites. The addition of the
reinforcement like SiC to Aluminium has been reported to decrease the corrosion resistance of the matrix due to several reasons, one
of them being galvanic action between the reinforcement and the matrix. In the present work, the corrosion behaviour of 6061 Al-15%
(vol) SiC(P) composites in KOH at different concentration (0.5M, 1M, 1.5M) and different temperature (300C, 350C, 400C, 450C, 500C)
was determined by Tafel extrapolation technique. The inhibition action of 8-Hydroxyquinoline on corrosion behaviour of 6061 Al-
15% (vol) SiC(P) composites in KOH at different concentration of inhibitor (200ppm, 400ppm); different concentration of medium
(0.5M, 1M,1.5M) and different temperature (300C, 350C, 400C, 450C, 500C) was investigated. The results indicate that corrosion rate
of Al-SiC composite in KOH increases as the concentration of medium increases and also as temperature of medium increases. The
results indicate that the inhibitor is moderately effective in inhibiting the corrosion of 6061 Al-15% (vol) SiC(P) composites. As the
inhibitor concentration increases, the corrosion rate decreases. The surface morphology of the metal surface was investigated using
scanning electron microscope (SEM). Activation energy was evaluated using Arrhenius equation, and enthalpy of activation and
entropy of activation values were calculated using transition state equation
Effect of Inhibitor Concentration and Immersion Time on the Corrosion Rate an...AJSERJournal
The effect of inhibitor concentration and immersion time on the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency of
AISI 1019 steel in seawater environment were investigated by means of weight loss measurement (WLM) at an interval
of 6days for a period of 60 days. AISI 1019 steel were immersed in seawater solution in the absence and presence of
varying inhibitor concentrations of potassium chromate (PC), Sodium Nitrite(SN), Methyl Orange (MO), Methyl Red
(MR), Terminalia Catappa Leaves (TCL) Extract, Carica papaya Leaves (CPL) Extract. The results showed that there is an
increase in inhibition efficiency with increase in inhibitor concentration and decrease in inhibition efficiency with
increase in immersion time. The inorganic inhibitor (potassium chromate), inorganic inhibitor (Sodium Nitrite), the
organic Inhibitor (Methyl Orange), the organic inhibitor (Methyl Red), the green inhibitor (Terminalia Catappa Leaves)
and green inhibitor (Carica Papaya Leaves) produced their best inhibition efficiency of 71.94%, 634%, 68.94%, 68.32%,
627% ,59.79% respectively at a concentration of 10g/L. From the result obtained, the potassium chromate inhibitor has
better inhibitory property than other inhibitors, which revealed that it is best suited for inhibition of corrosion of mild
steel in seawater environment.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
In the present investigation the corrosion measurements were carried out in 5% NaCl
aqueous solution, 2.5% HCl. solution for predetermined time intervals and varying
percentage concentrations of HCl solution at room temperature. Kinetics of corrosion
effect on samples of Al-Zn alloy, Al-Zn –5wt% flyash and silicon carbide particles and
Al-Zn –10wt% flyash and silicon carbide particles as reinforcement in composite are
studied.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This paper presents a study that investigates the corrosion behavior of annealed 2205 duplex stainless steel in sulphuric acid environment. Duplex 2205 stainless steel black bar in ASTM A276 was obtained and annealed in solite furnace for 45 minutes. A control sample which was not heat treated was also prepared. The annealed and the control samples which were metallographically prepared were then analyzed for corrosion behavior in sulphuric acid using potentiodynamic test/analysis. The potentiodynamic polarization plot generated showed that the annealed samples exhibit less corrosion resistance than the untreated samples, indicating that annealing heat treatment reduces the corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel in sulphuric acid.
STUDY THE CORROSION INHIBITION OF UREA FERTILIZER –Sn+2 FORMULATION ON REINFO...IAEME Publication
Combination of urea-Sn +2 in SCP solution was examined as a corrosion inhibitor for concrete reinforced steel by potentiodynamic polarization, surface synergist parameter and cyclic voltammetry methods comparing with urea–Zn +2 combination. A synergism parameter (SI) indicated a synergistic effect between urea and Sn +2 was exist. Polarization study revealed that formulation consisting of 300 ppm urea+50 ppm Sn +2 in SCP solution provided inhibition efficiency (I F) of 85.93% while 300 ppm urea +50 ppm Zn +2 provided 82.3% IF , and this combination acts as anodic type inhibitor. Cyclic voltammetry curves showed that the steel samples immersed in this formulation has low tendency to pitting corrosion. From these results it can be concluded that urea – Sn +2 inhibitor formulation is a good corrosion n inhibitor for concrete reinforced steel, it can maintain stable passive film on steel surface even in the presence of aggressive chloride ions so it can be used instead of the high toxicityZn +2 inhibitor to improve the corrosion inhibition of urea fertilizer inhibitor.
Combination of urea-Sn+2 in SCP solution was examined as a corrosion inhibitor for concrete reinforced steel by potentiodynamicpolarization, surface synergist parameter and cyclic voltammetry methods comparing with urea–Zn+2 combination. A synergism parameter (SI) indicated a synergistic effect between urea and Sn+2was exist. Polarization study revealed that formulation consisting of 300 ppm urea+50 ppm Sn+2 in SCP solution provided inhibition efficiency (IF) of 85.93% while 300 ppm urea +50 ppm Zn+2 provided 82.3% IF, and this combination acts as anodic type inhibitor. Cyclic voltammetry curves showed that the steel samples immersed in this formulation has low tendency to pitting corrosion. From these results it can be concluded that urea – Sn+2 inhibitor formulation is a good corrosion n inhibitor for concrete reinforced steel, it can maintain stable passive film on steel surface even in the presence of aggressive chloride ions so it can be used instead of the high toxicityZn+2 inhibitor to improve the corrosion inhibition of urea fertilizer inhibitor.
Parte 2_Corrosão em concreto armado: técnicas de avaliação, monitoramento, prevenção e reabilitação. Adriana Araújo, Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo (Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo).
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
Development of mechanically durable ecologic and corrosion resistant non-chromate coatings for aluminum
1. Development of mechanically durable ecologic and
corrosion resistant non-chromate coatings for
aluminum
Ph.D. Candidate: Redouane FARID
Permanent Code: FARR18039004
Director: Prof. D.K.Sarkar
2. 2
Outline
Introduction
Objectives and methodology
Enhanced corrosion protection
of aluminum by ultrasonically dip coated
sodium silicate thin films
Literature review
Conclusion
Facile electrodeposition process of
zirconium-based superhydrophobic
thin films on aluminum
Zirconium silicate thin films by sol-gel process for
corrosion protection of aluminum
Evaluation of the corrosion
inhibition performance of non-
chromate corrosion inhibitors
for aluminum
4. 4
Flixborough disaster. UK. 1974
Guadalajara explosions. Mexico. 1992 Prudhoe bay oil spill. Alaska. 2006
Bhopal Gas Tragedy. India. 1984
Introduction
Case study on some of the major corrosion catastrophes in the history. 2013.
Major corrosion catastrophes in history
5. 5
Corrosion is defined as the degradation of a material caused
by its environment.
Introduction
Michael et al. Corrosion resistance of aluminum and aluminum alloys. 2010
Mechanism of corrosion on metals
7. 7
Introduction
• Low density
• Excellent conductivity of heat and electricity
• Good mechanical strength
• Highly reflective
Low corrosion resistance in aqueous environments
Alloying: Understanding the Basics, p351-416
The aluminum properties
8. 8
Introduction
Fish Species [Cr] Acute Effects
Salmo gairdneri 0.005 mg L−1 Effect on fertilization
Tilapia
sparrmanii
0.098 mg L−1 Decrease in blood clotting time
Tilapia
sparrmanii
0.098 mg L−1 at pH
7.4-9.0
Decrease in WBC, RBC counts, and Hb concentration. Increase in
ALA-D activity.
Sccobranchus
fossilis
0.1-3.2 mg L−1 Increases in spleen to body ratio, WBC, RBC, Hb, MCV, PVC, and
splenocytes. Decreased antibody production and increased
susceptibility to bacteria
Periophthalmus
dipes
5-15 mg L−1 Decrease in ion-dependent ATPase activity
Labeo rohita 39.40 mg L−1 96 h-
LC50
Decrease in glycogen content, total lipid content and total
protein content of liver, muscle and gill.
Colisa fasciatus 60 mg L−1 Reduction in liver glycogen content. Hyperglycemic response
Carassium
auratus
250 μM Decrease in cell viability. Increase in ROS
Acute effects of chromium to freshwater fish
echa.europa.eu
Rev Environ Health. 2009 ; 24(2): 129–145
September 2017: Banned by Europe’s Registration,
Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of
Chemicals (REACH)
Chromium conversion coatings for corrosion protection of aluminum!
9. 9
Literature review
Coating Ref. Substrate Characteristics Comments
Rare-earth based Haque et al.
Resources 2014, 3,
614-635.
Aluminum, Steel Mainly works as cathodic
inhibitors, precipitation of Ce-
oxide on cathodic sites, induced
by the local pH increase
Minor improvement in pitting
potential and corrosion current
was noted
Silicate-based Garrity et al.
Electrochem. Acta
2014, 130, 9-21.
Aluminum The addition of sodium silicate
in 0.1 M NaCl inhibits the
corrosion of aluminum.
The corrosion protection
mechanism is found to be due to
the formation of aluminosilicate
on aluminum.
Lithium-based Visser et al.
Faraday Discuss.
2015, 180, 511-526.
Aluminum Barrier and self-healing
properties noted in the Li
containing primer
Lithium-based coatings; the
cost towards implementation
could be too important
Organic-based
(including epoxy, sol–
gel, polyurethane,
silane and
nanocomposites)
Wolf et al.
Springer Briefs in
materials 2014, 19-
39.
Aluminum, Steel Good barrier properties Nanocomposite: cost
towards implementation
could be too important
Phosphate-based Thomas et al.
Corros. Sci 2013, 69,
11-22.
Aluminum, Steel,
Carbon
Good barrier properties
provided by the precipitation of
metal-phosphate compounds
pH stability of phosphate-based
coatings inferior to chromium
oxide
10. 10
Novelty of the work
The objective of this work was to investigate how selected chromium–free thin films and
inhibitors impact the corrosion resistance of aluminum.
1. Fabrication of sodium silicate thin films on aluminum by a ultrasonic dip-coating process
and study their corrosion properties.
2. Fabricate zirconium silicate thin films on aluminum and investigate their corrosion
behaviors.
3. Fabricate zirconium-stearate superhydrophobic thin films on aluminum and study their
corrosion performance.
4. Study the corrosion inhibition properties of Na2SiO3, MnSO4.H2O, NH4VO3 and their
mixture for aluminum.
11. 11
Methodology of the work
1. Fabrication of sodium silicate thin films on aluminum by a simple ultrasonic dip-
coating process and study their corrosion protection properties in 0.6 M (3.5 wt.%)
NaCl aqueous solution.
2. Corrosion properties of zirconium silicate thin films on aluminum were investigated by
sol-gel process at different sol aging times in 0.6 M (3.5 wt.%) NaCl aqueous solution.
3. Nanostructured zirconium-stearate superhydrophobic thin films on aluminum were
fabricated using electrodeposition process at different molar ratios of zirconium source
(Zr) to stearic acid (SA) in 0.6 M (3.5 wt.%) NaCl aqueous solution.
4. The corrosion inhibition properties of Na2SiO, MnSO4.H2O, and NH4VO3 and their
mixture for aluminum were studied in 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solution.
12. 12
Characterization tools
12
Scanning electron microscopy
(SEM, JEOL JSM-6480LV)
First Ten Angstrom contact
angle goniometer
Fourrier transform
infrared
spectroscopy (ATR-
FTIR, Agilent
Technologies Cary
630)
PGZ100 potentiostat and 300
cm3 –EG&G PAR flat cell
13. 13
Electrochemical methods for corrosion characterization
Rp =
β𝑎βc
2.3icorr(β𝑎+β𝑐)
icorr: corrosion current density
Rp : Polarization resistance
β𝑎, βc : anodic and cathodic Tafel constants
Stern and Geary equation:
M. Stern, A.L. Geary, J. Electrochem. Soc. 104 (1957)
Rs : Solution resistance
Rct : Charge transfer resistance
Cdl : Double layer capacitance
Potentiodynamic
polarization test (Tafel)
Electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy test (EIS)
15. 15
Enhanced corrosion protection of aluminum by ultrasonically dip coated sodium
silicate thin films
Pretreatment of aluminum substrates
1 M NaOH 55o C on hot plate Immersion for 3 min Dried at 70o C on hot plate
16. 16
Enhanced corrosion protection of aluminum by ultrasonically dip coated sodium
silicate thin films
wt. Ratio
SiO2:Na2O
wt.% Na2O wt.% SiO2
3.22 8.9 28.7
Industrial sodium silicate composition
Immersion time in the ultrasonic bath: 10 min
Four different concentrations of sodium
silicate were used: 0.1, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 M.
Heated at 100˚C for 2 h
Preparation of sodium silicate thin films on aluminum
Clean Al Etched Al
17. Immersion
Withdraw from
the sol
Deposition
17
Enhanced corrosion protection of aluminum by ultrasonically dip coated sodium
silicate thin films
Heat
treatment
Ultrasonic dip-coating of aluminum substrates in sodium
silicate solution
18. 18
Enhanced corrosion protection of aluminum by ultrasonically dip coated sodium
silicate thin films
0.1 M
0.5 M
0.75 M
1 M
ATR-FTIR analysis of sodium silicate thin films
Peak (cm-1) Assignments
1207 Si-O-Si (Stretching)
943 Si-O-Na
800 Si-O-Si (Bending)
501 Si-O-Si (Rocking)
19. 19
Enhanced corrosion protection of aluminum by ultrasonically dip coated sodium
silicate thin films
SEM and EDS analysis of sodium silicate thin films
SEM images of (a) as-received aluminum substrate,
and sodium silicate thin films on aluminum
substrates formed using (b) 0.1, (c) 0.5, and (d) 1 M
of sodium silicate solution.
Al 0.1 M
0.5 M 1 M EDS spectrum of the sodium silicate thin film on
aluminum substrate formed using 1 M of sodium
silicate solution for the global region of SEM image.
1 M
20. 20
Enhanced corrosion protection of aluminum by ultrasonically dip coated sodium
silicate thin films
Corrosion properties of sodium silicate thin films
Potentiodynamic polarization curves of as-received aluminum
substrate, sodium silicate thin films on aluminum substrates
formed using 0.1, 0.5, and 1 M of sodium silicate solution.
Polarization resistance and corrosion current density
variation of sodium silicate thin films on the aluminum
substrates as a function of normalized Si-O-Si peak area.
Substrate Corrosion
potential
Ecorr (mV)
Corrosion current density
icorr (µA/cm2)
Polarization
resistance
Rp (kΩ.cm2)
Corrosion
inhibition
efficiency η (%)
As-received aluminium -650 ± 22 10.600 ± 3.30 010.0 ± 02.0 -
0.1 M Sodium silicate -680 ± 47 01.100 ± 0.03 027.5 ± 00.5 89.62
0.5 M Sodium silicate -707 ± 45 00.085 ± 0.01 259.0 ± 40.0 99.19
1 M Sodium silicate -999 ± 33 00.050 ± 0.01 593.0 ± 32.0 99.52
21. 21
Enhanced corrosion protection of aluminum by ultrasonically dip coated sodium
silicate thin films
Effect of chemical etching and ultrasonication on the corrosion properties of sodium silicate
thin films
Sodium silicate thin films on clean and etched
aluminum substrates
Sodium silicate thin films on by ultrasonication
process and simple dip-coating process
Preparation process Rp (kΩ.cm2) Icorr (µA/cm2)
Dip-coating 064.5 0.40
Ultrasonication With etching 157.0 0.19
Without etching 227.0 0.10
When ultrasound is introduced during the
deposition process, its cavitation effect
can effectively prevent the agglomeration
of particles and induce uniform dispersion
and continuous suspension [7].
22. 22
Enhanced corrosion protection of aluminum by ultrasonically dip coated sodium
silicate thin films
Effect of chemical etching and ultrasonication on the corrosion properties of sodium silicate
thin films
Adhesion test on aluminum
substrate coated with
sodium silicate thin film
formed using 0.5 M sodium
silicate solution.
Adhesion scale according to standard ASTM D3359
24. 24
Zirconium silicate thin films by sol-gel process for corrosion protection of aluminum
Good chemical stability
High hardnessFire retardant
Biomedicals
Radioactif
container
Good candidate
for corrosion
protection of
aluminum
25. 25
Zirconium silicate thin films by sol-gel process for corrosion protection of aluminum
Preparation of zirconium silicate thin films with different aging times of the sol
26. 26
ATR-FTIR analysis of zirconium silicate thin films
Zirconium silicate thin films by sol-gel process for corrosion protection of aluminum
Peak (cm-1) Assignments
1052 Si-O-Si (Stretching)
940 Si-O-Zr (Stretching)
811 Si-O-Si (Stretching)
501 Zr-O (Bending)
1 h
72 h
48 h
24 h
27. 27
Effect of the aging time of the sol on the morphology of zirconium silicate thin films
Zirconium silicate thin films by sol-gel process for corrosion protection of aluminum
24 h
72 h
Al
72 h
28. 28
Corrosion properties of zirconium silicate thin films
Substrate
Corrosion
potential
Ecorr (mV)
Corrosion
current
density
icorr (µA/cm2)
Polarization
resistance
Rp (kΩ.cm2)
As-received
aluminum
-650
10.60 010
1 h aging time -875 00.59 024
24 h aging time -656 00.30 234
48 h aging time -685 00.07 390
72 h aging time -584 00.04 446
Zirconium silicate thin films by sol-gel process for corrosion protection of aluminum
30. 30
Corrosion properties of zirconium-based superhydrophobic thin films
Facile electrodeposition process of zirconium-based superhydrophobic thin films on
aluminum
Water droplet behavior in Wenzel’s
and Cassie-Baxter’s state.
Superhydrophobic thin films
prepared at CURAL laboratory
Superhydrophobicity in nature
31. 31
Preparation of zirconium-based superhydrophobic thin films on aluminum
Facile electrodeposition process of zirconium-based superhydrophobic thin films on
aluminum
Zirconium n-propoxide
(C12H32O4Zr)
Stearic acid (C18H36O2)
Zirconium-stearate thin films with
Zr/SA molar ratio of 1, 2, 4, 8
10 V
32. 32
ATR-FTIR and thickness analysis of zirconium-based superhydrophobic thin films
Facile electrodeposition process of zirconium-based superhydrophobic thin films on
aluminum
33. 33
SEM images of zirconium-based superhydrophobic thin films
Facile electrodeposition process of zirconium-based superhydrophobic thin films on
aluminum
Al Zr/SA=0
Zr/SA=2 Zr/SA=4 Zr/SA=8
Zr/SA=1
34. 34
EDS images of zirconium-based superhydrophobic thin films
Facile electrodeposition process of zirconium-based superhydrophobic thin films on
aluminum
Al Zr/SA=0
Zr/SA=2 Zr/SA=4 Zr/SA=8
Zr/SA=1
Zr/SA molar
ratio
Thin films chemical composition (at. %)
C O Zr
0 85.75 14.24 00.00
1 87.53 11.58 00.88
2 78.07 18.71 03.21
4 64.99 27.87 07.15
8 53.36 32.13 14.51
35. 35
Corrosion properties of zirconium-based thin films
Facile electrodeposition process of zirconium-based superhydrophobic thin films on
aluminum
Sample Corrosion
potential
Ecorr (mV)
Corrosion current
density
icorr (µA/cm2)
Polarization
resistance
Rp (kΩ.cm2)
CA (˚)
As-received Al -610 ± 10 3.600 ± 1.00 022 ± 002 083 ± 2
Zr/SA=0(Only SA) -710 ± 41 7.200 ± 0.27 006 ± 022 100 ± 4
Zr/SA=1 -737 ± 14 4.460 ± 2.00 022 ± 009 107 ± 6
Zr/SA=2 -696 ± 34 0.410 ± 0.05 449 ± 036 114 ± 9
Zr/SA=4 -683 ± 34 0.028 ± 0.01 686 ± 178 165 ± 3
Zr/SA=8 -704 ± 31 0.020 ± 0.01 778 ± 102 151 ± 4
36. 36
EIS analysis of zirconium-based superhydrophobic thin films
Facile electrodeposition process of zirconium-based superhydrophobic thin films on
aluminum
Zr/SA=8 Zr/SA=8Zr/SA=8
Rs
(Ω·cm2)
CPEf Rf (kΩ·cm2) CPEdl Rct
(kΩ·cm2)Yf
(Ω−1·sn·cm−2)
nf Yf
(Ω−1·sn·cm−2)
nf
As-received Al 022 - - - 2.3 ×10-6 0.9 037
Superhydrophobic
thin film
597 1.6 ×10-8 0.8 1.6 ×102 8.6 ×10-8 0.6 552
38. 38
Evaluation of the corrosion inhibition performance of non-chromate corrosion
inhibitors for aluminum alloy
Corrosion inhibitors
Inhibitors are substances or mixtures that in low
concentration and in aggressive environment
inhibit, prevent or minimize the corrosion.
39. 39
Evaluation of the corrosion inhibition performance of non-chromate corrosion
inhibitors for aluminum alloy
The choice of inhibitors
40. 40
Evaluation of the corrosion inhibition performance of non-chromate corrosion
inhibitors for aluminum alloy
Experimental
300 ml of 0.1 M NaCl corrosive
solution
Injection of inhibitors:
10-2 M of Na2SiO3
10-4 M of MnSO4.H2O
10-4 M of NH4VO3
Aluminum substrate
42. 42
Evaluation of the corrosion inhibition performance of non-chromate corrosion
inhibitors for aluminum alloy
Potentiodynamic polarization tests
OCP (mV)
Vs. Ag/AgCl
Corrosion
potential
Ecorr (mV) Vs.
Ag/AgCl
Corrosion current
density
icorr (µA/cm2)
Polarization
resistance
Rp (kΩ.cm2)
Corrosion
inhibition
efficiency
η (%)
NaCl -734 -741 2.000 013 -
Na2SiO3 -678 -680 0.250 100 87.50
Na2SiO3/ MnSO4.H2O -798 -775 0.160 133 92.00
Na2SiO3/ NH4VO3 -861 -843 0.003 679 99.50
Na2SiO3/ MnSO4.H2O/
NH4VO3
-838 -816 0.002 722 99.99
43. 43
Evaluation of the corrosion inhibition performance of non-chromate corrosion
inhibitors for aluminum alloy
SEM analysis
Al
MixtureNa2SiO3
/MnSO4.H2O
NaCl Na2SiO3
Na2SiO3
/NH4VO3
44. 44
Evaluation of the corrosion inhibition performance of non-chromate corrosion
inhibitors for aluminum alloy
Corrosion properties of sodium silicate thin films
Al
Mixture
Na2SiO3
/MnSO4.H2O
NaCl Na2SiO3
Na2SiO3
/NH4VO3
45. • Non-chromate thin films were successfully fabricated on aluminum
substrates for corrosion protection
• Sodium silicate thin films enhanced the corrosion resistance of
aluminum. The Rp of the thin films was 593 kΩ.cm2 compared to 10
kΩ.cm2 for aluminum.
• Zirconium silicate thin films shows improve the corrosion resistance of
aluminum substrates. The Rp of the thin films was 446 kΩ.cm2 compared
to 10 kΩ.cm2 for aluminum.
• Zirconium-stearate superhydrophobic thin films shows
excellent corrosion protection with Rp of 778 (kΩ.cm2)
compared to 10 (kΩ.cm2) as-received aluminum.
• Chromate-free corrosion inhibitors were tested. The best corrosion
protection results were obtained when the mixture of the inhibitors
were used.
Conclusion
46. This part summarizes the possible work that could be accomplished in
order to develop a deeper understanding on the different thin films and
inhibitors studied in this work.
• Study the porosity of sodium silicate thin films fabricated by ultrasonic
dip-coating process will help to develop better understanding on their
corrosion properties.
• The surface treatment effect on the adhesion of zirconium-stearate
superhydrophobic thin films to improve the adhesion on aluminum
surfaces
• To improve better understanding, the inhibitors could be tested in
different pH and temperature conditions. Furthermore, the aeration
during the inhibition experiments was also reported to be an important
factor that could influence the efficiency of the inhibitors.
Recommendations
47. Journal articles
Redouane Farid, Karthikeyan Rajan, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Enhanced corrosion protection of
aluminum by ultrasonically dip coated sodium silicate thin films, Surface and Coating
Technology, 374, (2019), 355-361.
Redouane Farid, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Debasis De, Facile electrodeposition process of
zirconium-based superhydrophobic thin films on aluminum, The International Journal of
Wettability Science & Technology (IJWST), 1, (2019), 121-136.
Redouane Farid, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Debasis De, Evaluation of the corrosion inhibition
performance of non-chromate corrosion inhibitors for aluminum alloy. In preparation.
Redouane Farid, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Zirconium silicate thin films by sol-gel process
for corrosion protection of aluminum, (2019), In preparation.
48. Proceedings and presentations
Redouane Farid and Dilip Sarkar Kumar(2018, May). Étude du comportement anticorrosion des
revêtements superhydrophobes sur les alliages de l’aluminium. Oral presentation at 87th ACFAS
Congress. Saguenay. QC
Redouane Farid, Dilip Sarkar Kumar, Sofiene Amira, David Levasseur. (2018, June). Development of
mechanically durable ecologic and corrosion resistance non-chromate coatings for aluminum. Poster
session presented at La Journée des étudiants du REGAL. Montreal QC
Redouane Farid, Dilip Sarkar Kumar, Sofiene Amira, David Levasseur. (2018, June). Zirconium-based
thin films for the corrosion protection of aluminum. Oral presentation at La Journée des étudiants
du REGAL. Montreal QC.
Redouane Farid, Dilip Sarkar Kumar, Sofiene Amira, David Levasseur. (2018, August) Development of
Superhydrophobic thin films on aluminum as a corrosion barrier. Paper presented at the 6th International
Conference & Exhibition on Advanced & Nano Materials. Quebec QC.
Redouane Farid, Dilip Sarkar Kumar, (2019, August) ’Silicate-based thin films for corrosion protection of
aluminum alloy. Oral presentation presented at the 7th International Conference & Exhibition on
Advanced & Nano Materials. Quebec QC.
Redouane Farid, Dilip Sarkar Kumar, David Levasseur, (2019, October) ’Development of mechanically
durable ecologic and corrosion resistance non-chromate coatings for aluminum’ poster presentation at
journée international des étudiants du REGAL, Quebec QC.
49. Acknowledgement
• Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
• Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies (FRQNT)
• Aluminum Research Centre – REGAL
• Jayant Barode, a previous PhD student at the University Research Centre on
Aluminum (CURAL), and Tristan Billet a bachelor visiting student at CURAL
centre for carrying out the experimental work in sodium silicate part.
• Sofiene Amira and David Levasseur for their collaboration.
• PQ National silicate company for providing liquid sodium silicate.
50. Jury members
Dr. Zhan Zhang
Dr. Debasis De
Colleagues
Technicians
Farah
Prof. Dilip Kumar Sarkar
Familly
Mustapha
Mahdiyeh Zahira
Jabril
Prof. Hassan Ezzaidi
Fouad