From Santa Clara University Markula Center for Applied Ethics Author: Chris Cirone Rewrite Your Original Paper and expand/correct. Minimum of 1000 words and 2 quality sources with proper MLA integration and a works cited page. Response to Bio-Terrorism The possibility of terrorists using biological weapons on the citizens of the United States has been a major topic in the press for the last several years. Smallpox has been speculated to be the perfect biological terror agent because of the potency of the virus, and because of the lack of herd immunity present in the US population. The following case presents a possible way in which the virus could be released in the population and a possible response. The questions following the case involve the ethics surrounding the government's response. Smallpox Facts: Smallpox initially has flu-like symptoms, which are recognizable 7-19 days after exposure. After 2-4 days of flu-like symptoms, the fever begins to decrease, and pox will form. An infected person is contagious one day before the characteristic pox appear. Approximately 30-50% of unvaccinated people exposed to smallpox will contract the disease. The mortality rate for smallpox was approximately 20-40%. The vaccine that was used was approximately 90% effective. It is possible that if terrorists were to use the smallpox virus, that they would genetically modify it. If this were the case, then the vaccine may not prevent all of the disease symptoms for those vaccinated. Facts gathered from: http://www.vbs.admin.ch/ls/e/current/fact_sheet/pocken/ Case: Date: June 22, 2005. A 27-year-old man is brought into a New York City emergency room with a 101-degree fever, and what he believes is chickenpox (Varicella). After a brief examination, the 35-year-old physician is puzzled because the pox do not appear to be typical of the varicella-zoster virus. Worried, he calls in another physician for her opinion. She takes one look at the patient, determines he has small pox, and immediately orders him to be quarantined. She notifies the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and asks them what should be done. While doing background on the patient, he tells the physicians that he is a flight attendant and that he has flown to Orlando, FL, Los Angeles, CA, Chicago, IL, and Seattle, WA in the past few weeks while working. Though he is given excellent treatment, and had been in perfect health a few days earlier, the patient dies 7 hours after admittance to the hospital. The CDC decides that mandatory small pox vaccines will be administered to all workers in the NYC hospital, and to all patients who were in the ER. His co-workers are all given mandatory vaccines as well, as are all people living in his apartment complex. They also ship stored quantities of the vaccine to all of the cities where the man had flown to for work. The vaccines are offered to citizens of these cities. Finally, all people, along with their families who had been on the man's ...

1. From Santa Clara University Markula Center for Applied Ethics
Author: Chris Cirone
Rewrite Your Original Paper and expand/correct. Minimum of
1000 words and 2 quality sources with proper MLA integration
and a works cited page.
Response to Bio-Terrorism
The possibility of terrorists using biological weapons on the
citizens of the United States has been a major topic in the press
for the last several years. Smallpox has been speculated to be
the perfect biological terror agent because of the potency of the
virus, and because of the lack of herd immunity present in the
US population. The following case presents a possible way in
which the virus could be released in the population and a
possible response. The questions following the case involve the
ethics surrounding the government's response.
Smallpox Facts: Smallpox initially has flu-like symptoms,
which are recognizable 7-19 days after exposure. After 2-4 days
of flu-like symptoms, the fever begins to decrease, and pox will
form. An infected person is contagious one day before the
characteristic pox appear. Approximately 30-50% of
unvaccinated people exposed to smallpox will contract the
disease. The mortality rate for smallpox was approximately 20-
40%. The vaccine that was used was approximately 90%
effective. It is possible that if terrorists were to use the
smallpox virus, that they would genetically modify it. If this
were the case, then the vaccine may not prevent all of the
disease symptoms for those vaccinated. Facts gathered from:
http://www.vbs.admin.ch/ls/e/current/fact_sheet/pocken/
Case: Date: June 22, 2005. A 27-year-old man is brought into a
New York City emergency room with a 101-degree fever, and
what he believes is chickenpox (Varicella). After a brief
examination, the 35-year-old physician is puzzled because the
pox do not appear to be typical of the varicella-zoster virus.
Worried, he calls in another physician for her opinion. She

2. takes one look at the patient, determines he has small pox, and
immediately orders him to be quarantined. She notifies the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and asks
them what should be done. While doing background on the
patient, he tells the physicians that he is a flight attendant and
that he has flown to Orlando, FL, Los Angeles, CA, Chicago,
IL, and Seattle, WA in the past few weeks while working.
Though he is given excellent treatment, and had been in perfect
health a few days earlier, the patient dies 7 hours after
admittance to the hospital. The CDC decides that mandatory
small pox vaccines will be administered to all workers in the
NYC hospital, and to all patients who were in the ER. His co-
workers are all given mandatory vaccines as well, as are all
people living in his apartment complex. They also ship stored
quantities of the vaccine to all of the cities where the man had
flown to for work. The vaccines are offered to citizens of these
cities. Finally, all people, along with their families who had
been on the man's flights in the weeks preceding the appearance
of the disease are forced to receive the vaccine.
Questions: Note: The flight attendant was most likely given
small pox by a bio terrorist who flew on his plane sometime
during the past week/week and a half. The terrorist would have
been contagious but would not have shown symptoms. Virtually
every person the man came into contact with would have gotten
the virus.
(1) Is it ethical for the CDC to force people to get the vaccine?
An LA woman on the flight is religiously opposed to vaccines.
Under California law she can normally refuse vaccines on
religious or personal grounds. However, the government says
she must receive the vaccine or face mandatory quarantine.
What do you think of this? Do you think that for more common
diseases, for example measles, that it is ethical for the state to
allow people to refuse vaccines (even for religious grounds)?
What if their refusal can harm others who cannot have the
vaccine, such as people who are immunocompromised like
AIDS patients? Is it ethical for someone to refuse the vaccine?

3. ENTREPRENEURSHIP
QUESTION ONE
1. Give four Characteristics of an entrepreneur? (4mks)
2. Explain how small businesses are important to our economy
and your community.(8mks)
3. Explain why flexibility is important to the survival of a small
business.(6mks)
4. What are factors to consider when moving to self-
employment? (10mks)
5. Describe the different ways an owner of a start-up business
can help to promote an ethical organizational culture.(6mks)
6. Discuss the challenges and remedies of
entrepreneurship.(10mks)
7. Define competitive advantage and explain how a business can
establish and maintain it to lead to success?(6mks)
8. State challenges of family business owners and suggest
possible solutions.(6mks)
9. Explain the significance of an entrepreneur to learn the
product life cycle.(10mks)
10. Personal selling is an important technique for the small
business owner. Discuss.(10mks)
11. What are Qualities of a good business opportunity? (5mks)
12. Give Factors to consider when assessing product
demand.(5mks)
13. Why should one have reasons for protection of business
ideas?(4mks)
14. Give four distinctions of entrepreneurs and business
owners.(8mks)
15. Discuss the importance of business licensing.(5mks)
16. Discuss how entrepreneurs can ensure that their business
stays innovative and fresh? Why do you think some small
businesses lose their creative edge as the business
grows?(10mks)
17. Discuss the differences between ordinary share capital and

4. preference share capital.(5mks)
18. What are similarities between debt finance and preferred
share capital?(5mks)
19. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of preference
share capital. Classifications of preference shares.(8mks)
20. What are factors that affect the type of finance cost?(5mks)
21. Discuss factors that influence the choice of objectives in
setting business goal.(7mks)
22. In your own opinion, what do you think is the most effective
and efficient way for small business owners to promote and
market their products or services?(5mks)
23. Define the following terms
I. Entrepreneurship (2mks)
II. Entrapreneurship (2mks)
III. Entrepreneur (2mks)
24. Explain some of the advantages of self-employment.(10mks)
25. Differentiate between innovation and invention as it applied
to the process of entrepreneurship.(4mks)
26. Identify any five ways of protecting business ideas and
secrets.(5mks)
27. Explain some of the factors an entrepreneur needs to
consider before selecting an appropriate form of business
ownership.(5mks)
28. Explain the importance of a budget to an
entrepreneur.(5mks)
29. List the disadvantages of globalization.(4mks)
30. An entrepreneur can only be relevant in the market if he/she
remains updated with the current technology. Discuss the
impact of technology to entrepreneurs.(10mks)
31. Generating a good business idea is the first step in starting
and becoming self-employed. Explain the major characteristics
of a good business idea.(10mks)
32. Explain any five benefits that accrue to an entrepreneur
from preparing a business plan.(5mks)
33. What are the reasons for outsourcing?(6mks)
34. Differences between technoprenuers and

5. entrepreneurs.(5mks)
35. Discuss benefits of business networking?(6mks)
36. List FIVE advantages of electronic money transfers.(5mks)
37. Discuss factors that influence entrepreneurial
activities/motivate entrepreneurs.(5mks)
38. List and discuss Four sources of innovative ideas.(8mks)
39. Give reasons explaining why business ideas should be
protected.(5mks)
40. Identify the major sources of capital available to an
entrepreneur today in your country.(5mks)
41. Explain why a government may emphasize on
entrepreneurship growth in your country.(2mks)
42. Discuss principles of innovation.(5mks)
43. What could one adapt from other industries or fields to their
business?(2mks)W
44. Creative thought includes four stages. Discuss them.(8mks)
45. Discuss disadvantages and advantages of extending credit to
customers.(10mks)
46. Entrepreneurship definition stresses four basic aspects of
being an entrepreneur. List them.(4mks)
47. What do we mean by desirability of new venture
formation.(2mks)
48. Discuss four types of start-ups in a business idea?(4mks)
49. Give reasons why one should turn to
entrepreneurship.(5mks)
50. Discuss the entrepreneurship process.(10mks)
51. What is entrepreneurial background and explain on it
characteristics.(6mks)
52. Explain the following terms in entrepreneurship.
i. Locus of control.(2mks)
ii. Motivation. (2mks)
iii. Sense of efficiency. (2mks)
iv. Conformity uncertainty (2mks)
v. Self-confidence (2mks)
53. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of self-
employment.(5mks)

6. 54. Discuss the importance of self-employment.(5mks)
55. List five role of an entrepreneur in business.(5mks)
56. Why does an entrepreneur have to work on Implementation
of the project? (2mks)
57. Discuss benefits and limitations of
entrepreneurship.(10mks)
58. Discuss the challenges and remedies of
entrepreneurship.(6mks)
59. Entrepreneurship versus self-employment. Discuss the
differences. (10mks)
QUESTION TWO
1. One evening when you went to pick your child at the
boarding school, the owner mentioned to you that she would
like to sell the business. You have always wanted to run a
boarding school facility and would like to try to buy the
business. What facts should you consider in making this
decision? (8mks)
2. After discussing the boarding school purchase with your
banker, you decide to make a determined effort to purchase the
business. To make a good decision, what information must you
have and how will you get it?(10mks)
3. Describe the rewards entrepreneurs can achieve through their
businesses.(5mks)
4. Explain the following categories in business planning.
i. Internal sources.(2mks)
ii. External sources.(2mks)
iii. Personal activities.(2mks)
5. Discuss the following types of business incubators.
i. Classical incubators.(1mks)
ii. Industrial estates.(1mks)
iii. Export processing zones.(1mks)
iv. Science and technology incubations.(1mks)
v. Internet incubators.(1mks)
vi. Public incubators.(1mks)
vii. Commercial incubators.(1mks)
viii. University related incubators.(1mks)

7. ix. Public-private incubators.(1mks)
6. Discuss ten factors to consider when deciding which business
to incubate. (10mks)
7. What are factors to consider when selecting business
incubators.(5mks)
8. List services offered by incubator and benefits of
incubation.(8mks)
9. Explain the following terms on qualities of a good business
opportunity.
i. Legality.(1mks)
ii. Marketability.(1mks)
iii. Financial feasibility.(1mks)
iv. Growth.(1mks)
v. Protection ability.(1mks)
10. What are factors to consider when assessing product
demand? (5mks)
11. How to estimate future demand of a product. Explain.(5mks)
12. Explain the four steps of marketing research .(8mks)
13. Explain the following factors considered when assessing a
suitable market.
i. Customer potential.(2mks)
ii. Customers taste preference.(2mks)
iii. Market size.(2mks)
iv. Physical infrastructure.(2mks)
v. Competition.(2mks)
vi. Economics of scale.(2mks)