This document discusses the transition from e-government to open government. It begins by defining e-government and describing Austria's implementation of e-government systems. Drivers of change like digitization, mobility and connectivity are pushing governments toward more openness. Current topics discussed include the integration of internal and external services, open data, and smart cities. The document advocates for fields of action like digital governance frameworks, open data portals, governance models, legal frameworks and interoperability to advance open government.

1. FROM E-GOVERNMENT
TO OPEN GOVERNMENT
(CC-BY) https://flic.kr/p/e8uDwc
Johann Höchtl, Peter Parycek, Zentrum für E-Governance
Danube University Krems
W3C Meeting 16. October 2014 Budapest

2. Agenda
• E-Government in Austria
• Drivers of Change
• Current and Upcoming Topics
– The coming disintegration of internal and external
– Big and Open Data
– SmartICT and Smart Agglomerations
• What to do Now – Fields of Action

3. E-GOVERNMENT DEFINITIONS

4. E-Government Definition
EU-Commission
“Information and communication technologies
(ICT) can help public administrations to cope with
the many challenges. However, the focus should
not be on ICT itself.”
“Instead it should be on the use of ICT combined
with organisational change and new skills in
order to improve public services, democratic
processes and public policies.
This is what eGovernment is about.”
Source: COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS, 2003.
http://europa.eu.int/information_society/eeurope/2005/doc/all_about/egov_communication_en.pdf

5. E-Government
e-Government
e-Executive
(Exekutive)
e-Legislation
(Legislative)
e-Jurisdiction
(Jurisdiktion)

6. E-Government
G 2 C G 2 B
G 2 E G 2 G
G 2 C ... Government to Citizen G 2 B ... Government to Business
G 2 E ... Government to Employee G 2 G ... Government to Government

7. E-Government
(E-Staat)
E-Legislation E-Executive E-Jurisdiction
E- Public Administration – public law
E-Privat Administration – private law
E-Participation

8. E-Government - Relationships
e-Government internal
e-Government external
Federal State
G2G
Provinzial State
G2G
Townships
Grey Sector: Public Corporations, Self Government
Organisations, Non Profit Organisation,
Representation of interests etc.
B2G C2G
Business Citizen
G2G, Government to Government / B2G, Business to Government / C2G, Citizen to Government

9. E-Government Goals
Digitalization of Information
Re-Design of Processes
more efficient Processes und
more effective Decisions.
Internal
E-Government
Digital Information and Services
External
E-Government
Synergy
Through
IT

10. E-Government Dimensions
Law
Organisation
Technology
profitability

11. E-Government Development
1.0 – Databases (Cadastre, …)
1.2 + Web-Sites
1.4 + Portals & eID (HELP, Bürgerkarte …)
1.6 + Internal Workflows (Fabasoft, SAP …)
1.8 + Applications (FinanzOnline …)
1.9 + Further Potential: Data & Information
2.0 + Internal and external Collaboration

12. E-GOVERNMENT PROCESS

13. E-Government Process
Application
Internal
Workflow
Delivery
1. One & No Stop
2. eID & eSig
3. Keine Beilagen
Behörde
A
Behörde
B
Behörde
C
ZMR GWR PSR
1. Signature
2. Duale Dilivery

14. Reference Modell
G2G
Forms
ePayment
E-Delivery
Electronic Signature
Portals 4 Citizen and
Compaines Integration of Applications

15. Interoperability
European Interoperability Framework (EIF) for European public services, p. 71, http://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdf

16. E-GOVERNMENT INTERNAL

17. Ministries
Digital Document & Workflow Systems
(FabaSoft/SAP (horizontal)
Provinces
Digital Document & Workflow System
Municipality
IT Architecture
Digital Document & Workflow System
Central
Databases
(vertical)
Connect
Digital
Document &
Workflow
System
(vertical)
Citizen & Business

18. eID Management
Companies
Private L aw Public Law
Databases:
Identifier
People
Unternehmensregisternummer:
Offical Company DB CSO DB
OCDB-Nr CSO. Nr.
ON des Ergänzungsregisters
sonstiger Betroffener (neu)
ON/GLN as Second
Identifier
Sonstige
ON = GLN
Resident DB ERnP
SZ-Nr
CSO DB

19. Central Databases
People Legal Bodies Objects
Legal Status DB Business DB Cadastre
Buildings
Addresses
Other…
Vgl. Ledinger, BKA
Legal Comp. DB
CSO
Other…
Residence DB
Driving L. DB
Weitere …

20. E-GOVERNMENT – EID & ESIG

21. ORG-TECH Architecture
Data-Centers
1 bis n
Civil Servant
1 bis n
Webportal Call Center Office Intranet-Apps
Access by Web
Back Office
Mid Office
Front Office
Access by
Mobile
Access by feet Access by Terminal
25.04.2003 © Peter Parycek, Donau-Universität Krems 22

22. eSig = eID?

23. eID Concepts
• Username & Password
• Software Certificates
• USB/Token Solutions
• Smart-Card Solutions
• Secure Element
• …

24. Common eID Combinations
Var1: Signatur (ZDA) People Database
Identifier
Database
„electronic Identity“
* ZDA = Zertifizierungsdiensteanbieter
Signature
Var 2: LogIn ()
LogIn
+

25. Vergleich AT/LIE/DE/CH-Zug
Identification Authentication Identifier eSignature Technical solution
AT
eSignature eSignature Sector specific
identifier
integrated open carrier system;
different card based
solutions and one
mobile token based
solution.
LIE
Username
Password or
eSignature
Mobile token
or eSignature
One Identifier
for
administrative
processes
optional user name
password and
mobile token and
one card based
solution.
DE Identity Card Card based not offered optional card based solution
CH
Username
Mobile token Identifier for
Password
Zug
administrative
processes
Not offered user name
password and
mobile token

26. Campanies vs. States

27. Companies vs. EU

28. DRIVERS OF CHANGE

29. Digitisation
Mobility
Connectivity Intelligence
Source: Parycek, Simonitsch, Fandler, Müller

30. The New Rule Set
Internet of Things, Cybernetics, Mobility
1. Intelligence
1001011001001
2. Digitisation 3. Connectivity

31. Horizontal vs. Vertical
CC by miguel ángel pelegrí
Closed Hierarchies Open Networks

32. Open Gov Dimensions
• Openness
(Strategic & democratic Transparency)
• Accountability
(Prozesse & Entscheidungen)
Legitimicy
• Openness, Participation & Collaboration
(G-Networks),
• Sharing of Resources
(Digital Common Goods)
Capacity
• Digital Law ( Datenschutz, ...)
• Data & Information
• Legal Framework for Collaboration
Legality

33. CURRENT AND UPCOMING
CHALLENGES

34. Disintegration of
Internal vs. External
http://www.beltz.de/de/kinder-jugendbuch/moritz-verlag/neuerscheinungen/buchdetailseite/titel/drinnen-und-draussen.html

35. Administration Now: Input  Output
1 2 3
Portal Backoffice
E-Delivery

36. Administration 2025: Process circles
Process
Participation

37. Administration 2025:
Share your place – work together...
 Knowledge management instead of
records management
 Connected instead of hierarchal
 Administration back office
Applications as Apps for officials,
citizens and economy stakeholders.

38. Administration 2025:
Functional Features

39. Administration 2025:
Interoperability Features
Domain specific application 1 Domain specific application 2
Voting
Document
Management
Calendar
Voting
Messaging Calendar
Component interoperability
features
Messaging Calendar
Public Platforms
Scheduling

40. An actual challenge …
The data formats you provide are of little value
to us. You lack the knowledge? No worriers, let
us put our hands on your servers and together
we will work out a suitable data format.
Open Data Community Meeting Graz, 2014

41. BIG &
… which we will
increasingly call
Smart Data

42. Big Picture
Service: private operated Open (Govt.) Data in Austria:
Big Picture
Private Data
data.eu
Ministries Provinces Municipalities
?
data.openda
taportal.at
Private
Persons
Companies NGOs
Portal: Government operated Portal: Private operated

43. Open Gov Data Portal
UN Public Service Award
www.data.gv.at

44. But in Vienna
we had ….

45. OGD lesser expected results
• Inter-department information management
Reduced efforts for data claims
• Harmonisation of data formats due to public
urge
• Shared understanding
What are we talking about when we talk about public
multimedia booths?
• Streamlined processes and IT-appliances
From internal systems to the data platform

46. Open Data Portal
for Companies, Science, Civil Society Organizations, People, Machines, …
www.opendataportal.at

47. Governance Framework
Government
Digital Austria
„BLSG“ - Cooperation
Federal Layer, Provinces, Municipalities
IT-Responsible
Economy
Representatives
Formal Coordination
Entities operating
an OD Portal
Cooperation
OGD Austria
Sub-WGs
• Metadata
• Linked Data
• Quality
…
Federal Layer,
Provinces,
Municipalities
+ Expertise from
Economy, NGOs,
Universities
Informal Coordination

48. HOWBIG IS BIG?

49. If a cup of cofe could hold
a Gigabyte of data …
… one Zettabyte would have
the Volume of the
Great Wall of China
http://blogs.cisco.com/news/the-dawn-of-the-zettabyte-era-infographic/

50. 1880: US Census 1890: US Census

51. Data Sources
• Sensor Data  Sensoring everything
– from digital Cow to sensored humans (plants,
transportation networks, energy grids, …)
• Social Media Data
– exponential growth with Google Glasses predicted
(Images, Videos, Text, Sensors, ...)
• Transport and Motion data
– GPS, GSM, etc.
• Internet of Things data
– inventory data and machine to machine communication,
machine to human;

52. Kinds of Data
Source: McKinsey Global Institute analysis (2013)

53. Big Data & Analytic Shifts
• End of Causality
• End of Exactitude
• End of Samples
Source: Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work and Think
Viktor Mayer-Schönberger, Kenneth Cukier

54. MixIt: Netflix Challenge
Combination of algorithms
Combination of internal and external data!

55. Prognosis &
Scenario
Decision Cycle
Evaluation Decision
Cycle
Execution
Source: Donau-Universität Krems, Centre for E-Governance

56. Danube University Krems.
The University for Continuing Education.
Smart Cities &
Smart ICT

57. FACTS
In 2020, 600 cities will account for 65%
of BNP
http://www.unhabitat.org/cdrom/docs/wuf1.pdf
80% of BNP is generated in cities
(in developed countries)
http://knowledge.insead.edu/economics-politics/cities-of-the-future-2484
USA: 90% of BNP, 86% of Jobs are
produced on 3% of land
http://hereandnow.wbur.org/2013/11/20/cities-solve-problems

58. CLAIMS
“
Urban areas contribute disproportionally to national
productivity. However, the structural productivity of
cities will at least in part rest upon an efficient supply of
serviced land and reliable infrastructure, including
transport, power, water and sanitation as well as
information & communication technologies.
UN Habitat Report State of the World's Cities 2012/2013, p. xiv
http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/listItemDetails.aspx?publicationID=3387

59. The traditional
planning approach
Wait – Plan – Build – Hope

60. The new approach
Ask – Integrate – Co-create – Innovate
Image courtesy http://lifeinperpetualbeta.melissapierce.com/life-in-perpetual-beta.jpg

61. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/23/quadruple-helix-dna_n_2527882.html
The quadruple Helix
Local Government

62. Terms & Associations
City Nation
Function Identity
Work, innovation & creativity Cultural origins
What you do and how you do it – aims and
interests
Who you are and where you come from
Advertisement Flags
Motion - driven by aspiration Static - defined by history
Collaboration Power
Mayors discuss garbage and snow removal Prime ministers / chancellors proclaim
distinctive identities

63. Smartness and the Role of ICT
Splatters from the Internet – What constitutes a smart
city?
• … efficiency based on the intelligent management and
integrated ICT
• … ability to solve problems and use of ICTs to improve
this capacity
• … main focus is still on the role of ICT infrastructure
• … investments into ICT

64. ICT is the mortar which ties building blocks together
Smart Economy
Smart Mobility
Smart Governance Smart People
Smart Living
Smart Environment

65. Challenges no longer met by nations?
G7 / G8 / G20  C-40
Rural structures dominate cities -
Federal government paralysed by shut down.
„New York garbage has to be removed nonetheless.“

66. Where to go from Here?
FIELDS OF ACTION

67. Digital Governance
Strategic policy Framework
Technology
• IT-Services
• Data
• Infrastructure
Organisation
• Structure
• Processes
Culture
• Leadership
• HR development
• Stakeholder
Law
• Legal Framework
• Regulations
• Interoperability
• Open Closed
• Intern  Extern
• Participation models
• Cooperation models(Communities)
• Sharing (Data Resources)
• Agile, Smart, Secure, Beta, Good
Enough

68. TRADITIONAL
ORCHESTRAL

69. JAZZ GOV
Name
SMALL
Title of Presentation
AGILE & FLEXIBLE
RAPID PROTOTYPING
CC by imagesfrugales

70. ORCHESTRA
JAZZ GOV
Flexible agile Orchestra
Idea: P. Kustor

71. Donau-Universität Krems.
Die Universität für Weiterbildung.
Johann Höchtl
Peter Parycek
Center for E-Governance
{peter.parycek|johann.hoechtl}
@donau-uni.ac.at
CC-BY 3.0